scholarly journals A LITERARY READING IN THE LINGUISTIC EFFORTS OF IBN QUTAYBA IN HIS BOOK ADAB ‎AL-KĀTIB “THE WRITER'S LITERATURE”‎

2022 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 577-586
Author(s):  
Saleh ABBOUD
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 AH / 889 AD) was attentive in both the Arabic linguistics‏ ‏and its literature, ‎whereas he hath assorted numerous workbooks which testify his care about, and those who came ‎after, have been benefited from his critical material on the fields of language and literature, this ‎incipit of the research is concerned with reading Ibn Qutayba's linguistic views through the ‎subject of his book Adab al-Kātib “The Writer's Literature” particularly those related to ‎orthography and solecism in the Arabs’ language, and the importance of the research lies in ‎shedding light on the Arab linguistic legacy in the third century AH\ ninth century AD, and ‎displaying the impact of Ibn Qutayba in it, and the objective of the research is to analyze what ‎was mentioned in two important linguistic topics from the book of Adab al-Kātib “The Writer’s ‎Literature” which are: the topic of rectification of the hand and the topic of rectification of the ‎tongue, which they are both linguistic topics that show the prevailing linguistics status in the era ‎of Ibn Qutayba, thence, they are also considered a door to understanding the linguistic opinions ‎that the writer gleaned from his wells and sheikhs.‎ The research deals with linguistic problems related to the orthography and the Arab solecism and ‎phonetics among the populace in the era of Ibn Qutayba, relying on a research framework that ‎begins with a preamble considering both the writer and the book, and then deals with the ‎linguistics status in the third century AH through what was mentioned in the book’s sermon, then ‎he presents some of what was mentioned in his book Adab al-Kātib ”The Writer’s Literature” in ‎the two chapters; rectification of the hand and rectification of the tongue, then epitomized the ‎disputations between Ibn Qutayba and the commentators of his book regarding the two ‎mentioned sections, and the research is concluded with a brief epilogue that presents his most ‎prominent conclusions.‎

Historical Fragments’ Mobile Echo

Transfers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Bell ◽  
Kathy Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Opium War ◽  
The Subject

Translocation – Transformation is an ambitious contribution to the subject of mobility. Materially, it interlinks seemingly disparate objects into a surprisingly unified exhibition on mobile histories and heritages: twelve bronze zodiac heads, silk and bamboo creatures, worn life vests, pressed Pu-erh tea, thousands of broken antique teapot spouts, and an ancestral wooden temple from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) used by a tea-trading family. Historically and politically, the exhibition engages Chinese stories from the third century BCE, empires in eighteenth-century Austria and China, the Second Opium War in the nineteenth century, the Chinese Cultural Revolution of the mid-twentieth century, and today’s global refugee crisis.

Late Roman Precious-Metal Deposits: Worth their Weight in Gold?

Britannia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
François Baratte
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Title One ◽  
Late Roman

Over recent years the question of ancient hoards, in particular of precious metal, coins, plate or jewellery, has been the subject of numerous considerations (notably S. Gelichi and C. La Rocca (eds), Tesori. Forme di accumulazione della richezza nell'alto medioevo (secoli V–XI) (Rome, 2004)) in order to try to grasp the characteristics of a complex phenomenon that relates to multiple aspects of society in whatever period is under consideration: the economy, social organisation, the possible role of the images … The difficulties encountered by researchers when addressing these problems are illustrated by the ambivalence, indeed the ambiguity in many languages of the term ‘trésor/hoard’. Richard Hobbs has thus chosen, very judiciously, to take as his subject here ‘deposits of precious metal’, which defines the topic perfectly. On the other hand, one could question the descriptor ‘late Roman’ when applied to the period covered here, five centuries, from a.d. 200 to 700. There could be discussion over whether the third century should be included in Late Antiquity; others will challenge whether the sixth century still belongs to that same world. But from the first page H. effectively corrects his title by stating that it also covers the early Byzantine period, something I would feel is a better definition. It may certainly be felt that these are just questions of nomenclature, but they do have their importance for the topic of this study. All the same, the important thing is that H. wanted to study an extended period, as stated by the book's sub-title. One cannot but approve of his choice.

I rapporti tra i coniugi nel pensiero dei Padri della Chiesa (I-III sec.)

Augustinianum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-374
Author(s):  
Clementina Mazzucco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clement Of Alexandria ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Church ◽  
Husband And Wife

The article deals with the views of the Fathers of the Church on relations between husband and wife between the end of the first century and the end of the third century, an age that is less studied in this respect, even though it offers good documentation concerning the subject (particularly in the case of Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria). Four themes are considered: 1. adultery and separation; 2. the conjugal debt; 3. the division of tasks between husband and wife; 4. the faith life of the couple. Different opinions and often original points of view are presented in regard to the lawfulness of the second marriage, the culpability of adultery, the value of sexuality in the marriage and the wife’s subordination to her husband.

The Earliest Buddhist Shrines

Antiquity ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 17 (65) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Original Report ◽  
The Subject

Among the earliest monuments of the Buddhist faith as propagated through India by king Asoka in the third century B.C. is a peculiar class of structure known as a stupa, and since Fergusson (1) first put forward the idea at the end of the last century it has been vaguely realized that these monuments were in all probability a formalized version of nothing more or less than a specialized type of prehistoric (and pre-Buddhist) round cairn. The possible implications of this prototype's peculiar features in reference not only in oriental, but in European archaeology, were pointed out by Mr Harold Peake with characteristic acumen (2), but no convenient summary of the relevant Indian material has appeared in an English archaeological journal, and a recent discovery in Jaipur State has thrown most interesting light on the subject at large. It seems therefore desirable to bring the results of the Bairat excavations before a wider archaeological public than that reached by the original report by the excavator, the late Rai Bahadur D. R. Sahni, and to consider it in relation to the wider question of the origins of the stupa and of the curious features which are presented in formalized guise on the elaborate monuments which represent the supreme artistic achievements of the Sunga Dynasty in the closing centuries of the pre-Christian era. I am deeply indebted to Mr Peake not only for material amplifying his original thesis, but for stimulating discussion and correspondence on the whole question. The latter part of this paper is in fact to such a degree based on his ideas that it amounts to an appendix in which I have paraphrased views exprcssed by him and shared by myself.

Books and libraries

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Michael Macdonald-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Third Century ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

University libraries are facing the farce of NICT (New Information and Communication Technologies). Libraries are ancient indeed - they date from the third century BC. Their staff are, as a rule, not well equipped to judge the impact of technological change (who is?). Instead of being too conservative, they are often naïvely accepting of technological overclaims. As a result, librarians plan to reduce access to print in favour of text on screen. Here I counter-attack, arguing that the day of the printed book is far from over.

scholarly journals Reading Classical Authors in the Digital Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Vehbi Miftari ◽  
Arbnore Mahaj
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
The Subject

Statement of the problem: Learning about classic authors, whose language is hardly understandable for children, has become a challenge. The decline of literary reading and the lack of focus in the subject matter and idea of the text, which are interrelated to the early culture / identity, make students lose their will to read classic works, thus failing to fulfil the aims and competencies required with the Pre-university Curriculum Framework. Methodology: The research is based on the analysis of Curriculum Framework and the structure of school subjects. Furthermore, methods of teaching classic works and use of complementary means are treated through a combination of quantitative method with the ethnographic one. Results: The research concludes that students tend to read classic works (works by old authors) more easily if they are offered the abridged versions. Making of abridged collections of such works, and complementing book contents with digital content is the tendency that schools have in the digital era. Conclusions / recommendations: MEST should aim towards changing the structure of language and literature course, draft new programs, and prepare additional content for teaching and learning of texts and classic authors (e-school).

scholarly journals Economic resilience of Carthage during the Punic Wars: Insights from sediments of the Medjerda delta around Utica (Tunisia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9764-9769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Delile ◽  
Elisa Pleuger ◽  
Janne Blichert-Toft ◽  
Jean-Philippe Goiran ◽  
Nathalie Fagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
The Third ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Punic Wars ◽  
The City ◽  
Robust Evidence

While the Punic Wars (264–146 BC) have been the subject of numerous studies, generally focused on their most sensational aspects (major battles, techniques of warfare, geopolitical strategies, etc.), curiously, the exceptional economic resilience of the Carthaginians in the face of successive defeats, loss of mining territory, and the imposition of war reparations has attracted hardly any attention. Here, we address this issue using a newly developed powerful tracer in geoarchaeology, that of Pb isotopes applied to paleopollution. We measured the Pb isotopic compositions of a well-dated suite of eight deep cores taken in the Medjerda delta around the city of Utica. The data provide robust evidence of ancient lead–silver mining in Tunisia and lay out a chronology for its exploitation, which appears to follow the main periods of geopolitical instability at the time: the Greco-Punic Wars (480–307 BC) and the Punic Wars (264–146 BC). During the last conflict, the data further suggest that Carthage was still able to pay indemnities and fund armies despite the loss of its traditional silver sources in the Mediterranean. This work shows that the mining of Tunisian metalliferous ores between the second half of the fourth and the beginning of the third century BC contributed to the emergence of Punic coinage and the development of the Carthaginian economy.

An Ornamentalist View of Metaphor in Arabic Literary Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Shuqair
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arabic Rhetoric

The aim of the present paper is to examine the kind of thinking and the chain of assumptions that lie behind the reduction of metaphor to a mere ornament in Arabic literary theory.   For this purpose, Arabic ornamentalist thinking is traced from the third century A.H. (the ninth century A.D.) to the seventh century A.H. (the thirteenth century A.D.).  This is not to say, however, that the seventh century marks the end of such thinking in Arabic literary theory, but that at that time the Arabic literary theory, and the theory of metaphor, was developed into fixtures with an increasing emphasis given to form over content and the art of verbal expression in general.  Inordinate attention was given to ornate style, and rhetoric became an arena for displaying verbal acrobatics.  The axioms, "closeness of resemblance" and "congruity of metaphorical elements," represent metaphor's highest degree of formalization and stereotyping.  That is why some of the images in classical theory are mainly based on complete parallelism between the objects compared, particularly with regard to form, size and color.  From that time onwards, the fixtures of the classical theory have been kept intact.   Metaphor, and rhetoric in general, is nowadays reduced to textbooks to be studied in abstract and rigid terms developed by the classical theory.  Arabic rhetoric is a dead discipline: it is merely an ornamental repertoire of figures that could only be used as a sweet adorner for the language.

Dobzhansky and Dreyfus’s Group: The Introduction of Natural Population Genetics Studies in Brazil (1943–1960)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-276
Author(s):  
José Franco Monte Sião ◽  
Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theodosius Dobzhansky ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Important Center ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Linguistics

An important center in which genetic research started and was carried out in Brazil during the 20th century was situated at the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Linguistics of the University of São Paulo, led by André Dreyfus (1897–1952). Beginning in 1943, the Ukrainian geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975) visited Dreyfus’s group four times. This paper evaluates the impact of Dobzhansky’s visits on the studies of genetics and evolution developed by the members of Dreyfus’s group during the 1940s and the 1950s. The study leads to the conclusion that Dobzhansky’s visits had an impact, not only in quantitative terms (the number of individual and joint publications), but also in qualitative terms. However, we also detect a decrease in the number of individual and joint publications related to the subject of the project during certain periods. The adoption of new experimental organisms by some members of the group; the involvement with subjects not related to the initial project, such as botany; Dobzhansky’s and his wife’s health problems during the third visit; and scientific disagreements between Dobzhansky and Brazilian researchers may have contributed to the decrease in publications.

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