scholarly journals Machinery and Technical Efficiencies in Selected Paddy Areas in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225-2242
Author(s):  
Siti ‘Aisyah Baharudin ◽  
Hayyan Nassar Waked
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Malaysia’s paddy sector frequently relies on machinery in its activities, from land preparation until harvesting. However, the shortfall of meeting domestic demand, ineffective use of machinery, mismanagement, and technical inefficiency were among the sector’s challenges. This study analyses the socio-economic effect on machinery and technical efficiencies in Malaysia’s Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) and Integrated Agricultural Development Area Barat Laut Selangor (IADA BLS) paddy areas. Qualitative data were collected using a face-to-face interview. The results confirmed that MADA respondents were highly trained, more educated, and more efficient in using machinery in the agriculture sector than IADA BLS. The same goes for MADA’s productivity, energy outputs, machinery efficiency, labour, and technology use, which were higher than IADA BLS. However, inadequate planning and managing farm activities led to poor paddy field conditions, including insufficient water supply system, irregularly shaped paddy field plots, and increasing difficulties in handling paddy diseases and maintaining the machinery. These challenges resulted in a frequent interruption of paddy production activities, incurring additional costs, decreasing profit, and jeopardising the farmers’ financial status. Therefore, it is recommended to use types of machinery that fit a particular purpose in terms of cost and technology and ensure the required services are carried out on time to maximise machinery efficiency. On the other hand, technical efficiency’s main challenges were the high operation cost and increasing fossil fuel use, combined with a lack of government subsidies. Research and development in agricultural energy use, environment, and government subsidies could decrease production costs and improve paddy production.

Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Marina Burani Arouca ◽  
Mercy A. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Budget ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Peach Orchard

The article summarizes the establishment and production costs, as well as the potential profitability of a peach orchard in Florida. Our findings show the initial investment required for a peach operation in Florida to be $6,457 per acre; the expense in land preparation and planting alone in year 1 is $2,541 per acre. Variable and fixed costs in years 2 through 15 average $5,680 per acre. As an example of profitability, when using a 10% discount rate, an operation yielding 6,525 (7,254) pounds of marketable fruit per acre during its most productive years obtains a positive NPV when the average price is $2.38 ($2.13) per pound.

ZONGULDAK İLİNDE İHRACAT YAPAN FİRMALARIN İHRACATTA KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SORUNLAR

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Ramazan Aksoy ◽  
Canan Yıldıran
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chamber Of Commerce ◽  
Statistical Program

In this study, it is subjected to define what kind of export problems come up for the company exporting in Zonguldak. It is interviewed with 35 exporter companies recorded in Turkey Exporters Assembly and Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Prepared questionnaire form’s data are analyzed with SPSS 15 statistical program as the results of the activity which is performed through face to face meetings with company’s executives. As the result of the analysis, it is defined that exporter companies face big problems in production costs as for carrying, storing and distribution and international competition conditions. As the result of the activities, we see that there is a relevance regarding whether there is an exporter department in the companies and regarding being a proactive and reactive exporter.

scholarly journals Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Li ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.

Energy Budgeting of Paddy-Pulse Cropping System in Bhadrak District of Odisha and Assessment of Emission from Paddy Straw Burning

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-240
Author(s):  
Bhabani Shankar Dash ◽  
Sangram Keshari Swain ◽  
Debaraj Behera ◽  
Padma Lochan Pradhan ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Straw Burning

Energy auditing of an existing production system helps to assess its energy-use and energy efficiency. The average input energy of paddy-black gram (PB) cropping system (19,862.01 MJ.ha-1) was higher than paddy-green gram (PG) (18,972.34 MJ.ha-1) cropping system in Bhadrak, Odisha. Harvesting and transport operation required highest operational energy for PG (35.57%) and PB (41.20%) farms; while, threshing and winnowing consumed the second highest input energy with 21.34% and 22.71% for PG and PB farms, followed by land preparation with 21.87% and 20.10% respectively. Linear regression data of PG and PB systems showed significant effect (p<0.05) of predictors with R2 values of 87.70% and 82.20% for total output energy and grain energy, respectively; confirming a good fit among the data. The output energy of PB cropping system was 13.91% higher than that of PG cropping system. The PB cropping system, with energy utilisation efficiency (EUE) of 10.31 and 11.82, was more energy-efficient than PG system with EUE of 9.32 and 11.01 for “NC” and “C” farms, respectively. The net energy return of PBC farm was highest with 2,04,505.31 MJ.ha-1. Amongst various pollutants emitted from paddy straw burning in Odisha; CO2 (5,51,296.0 Mg.yr-1), CO (13,102.72 Mg.yr-1), and TPM (4,908.80 Mg.yr-1) had highest share. The quantity of major GHGs (N2 O, CH4 ) released into the atmosphere through paddy straw burning was estimated as 26.43 Mg.yr-1 and 453.12 Mg.yr-1, respectively. Use of straw baler can prevent straw burning, and reduce emission from paddy fields by 2805.54 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 66.69 kg.ha-1 of CO, 5.96 kg.ha-1 of NOx , 24.98 kg.ha-1 of TPM. Alternatively, use of mulcher can also reduce emission from paddy fields by 2924.44 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 69.51 kg.ha-1 of CO, 6.21 kg.ha-1 of NOx , 26.04 kg.ha-1 of TPM. The cost of operation of a baler and mulcher were 8,617.0 ₹ ha-1 and 2,543.0 ₹ ha-1, respectively. Input energy and energy saved in paddy fields by baler were 820.0 MJ.ha-1 and 16,928.0 MJ.ha-1; and 266.0 MJ.ha-1 and 24,458.0 MJ.ha-1 by mulcher, respectively

scholarly journals ANALISIS SEKTOR BASIS DAN SUBSEKTOR PERTANIAN BASIS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN KEEROM, PROVINSI PAPUA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Usman Usman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Dynamic Location

Agricultural  development  program  in  Indonesia  is  the  part  of  economic development.  Papua  Province  in  the  economic  sector,  the  agriculture  sector  is  the very important role in supporting economic growth in the region.This study aims to analyze  the  basic  sector  and  basic  sub-sector  of  agriculture,  analyze  the  position sector  and  the  agriculture  sector  in  the  future,  and  the  determinants  of  changes  in positions on regional economic growth based on the calculation of the GDP Keerom district  and  Papua  province  in  2008-2011.The  study  used  secondary  data  over  a period of four years. The analysis  method used is Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location  Quotient  (DLQ),  and  Total  Shift  Share  (TSS).  The  analysis  LQ  show  that agriculture  sector  is  the  basic  sector  in  the  economy  Keerom.While  the  agriculture sector  as  the  sub-sector  basis  (leading  sector) is plantation,  animal  husbandry,  and forestry.The combined method of LQ and DLQ, show that agriculture sector is still the sector basis in the future.The results of the analysis TSS is known that the deciding factor  position  change  on  plantations  and  fishing  sub-sector  is  the  location  factor, while the determining factor position change on the livestock sector is the factor of of economic structure.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence and Effects of Devolution on Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Garissa County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Hussein Abdi Ali ◽  
Salah Abdirahaman Farah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
County Government ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
County Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Findings

The Agriculture sector in Kenya is as important as the country. Much of the agricultural function was transferred to the devolved units when the new constitution was passed by Kenyans and promulgated. The question many are asking is, have county governments initiated strategies in place to improve food security and ultimately contribute to the economy. Agriculture is the major contributor of our economy today. Kenya needs to be a self-sufficient country and feed its people. County governments have a huge role in ensuring this objective achieved. Based on this, a research title is proposed “Understanding the influence and effects of devolution on agricultural development: A case study of Garissa county, Kenya” The research seeks to clarify to the public and the other stakeholders concerned if actually devolved units have done anything to improve the agricultural sector since its inception. Have county governments put clear, achievable and practical strategies for this sector to grow and how best can counties improve this important sector. The research findings will be very helpful to those who are involve in the agricultural sector, directly or indirectly. The research objectives are; to compare performance of agriculture before and after devolution, to evaluate the achievements of devolution in the agricultural sector, to analyse the challenges faced by county governments in developing this sector, to examine the perception of the public on the best strategies to improve agriculture in Kenya and to give synthesised recommendations to all stakeholders. The research was conducted within Garissa County, four out of the six sub counties. A total of 310 respondents were engaged ranging from farmers, the general public and the staff of the county government The research found out that there is a gap in the sector that needs attention. Agricultural production, although remained steadfast over the years, has been in deplorable situation. The research findings is helpful to all stakeholders-both levels of governments, farmers, the public and non-state actors.  The research commends that the County governments should use bottom-up approach strategy when making critical decision affecting the department. This will aid them obtain raw and unbiased information for action. The department of agriculture experts should be deployed to all sub counties (at the grassroots). 95 percent of these staff stay at county headquarters doing nothing. Their presence at the villages, farms will come in handy or the farmers. People with experience and experts should be employed to spearhead this exercise. Routine visits should be made to the farming areas.

Food for All in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Transformation

Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families. This book describes the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and presents the concepts and practices of sustainable intensification as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, the book indicates, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within sustainable intensification: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain. This book envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in sustainable intensification that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership. The book demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met.

Factors Related to Students' Performance of Hybrid Learning in an English Language Course

2015 ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Saovapa Wichadee
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Hybrid Course ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Hybrid Teaching ◽  
Face To Face Learning

Redesigning a course along the lines of a hybrid format that blends face-to-face and online learning brings about changes in instructional practice. This paper introduces hybrid teaching that uses multiple web-based tools to supplement the students' face-to-face learning environment in a difficult situation in Thailand. In order to examine factors related to student learning achievement in the hybrid teaching course, data regarding learning achievement score, amount of participation, comfort with technology, and course satisfaction were collected from 182 students enrolled in an English course and analyzed by using correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that students had a moderate level of satisfaction with the hybrid course and comfort with technology use, and previous experience of hybrid courses did not have an effect on their satisfaction. Student learning achievement was positively correlated with how much participation students had, but was negatively correlated with students' comfort with technology. There were no correlations between student learning achievement and how satisfied they felt with the hybrid course. In addition, an analysis of benefits and drawbacks of this hybrid course allowed teachers insights into what changes were needed when adjusting the hybrid course for language teaching.

Free, Open, Online Help Forums

2012 ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Carla van de Sande
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Course Delivery ◽  
Student Expectations ◽  
Online Help ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Information Technology Use ◽  
And Control

In contrast to course delivery, help seeking has not advanced with the technological capabilities and preferences of today’s students. Help seeking in higher education remains primarily an individual, private, face-to-face activity. Open, online, help forums have the potential to transform help seeking into a public, social endeavor. These forums connect students with volunteer helpers who have the time, knowledge, and willingness to provide assistance with specific problems from coursework. Although many such forums currently exist and are a popular source of help seeking, they have remained largely off the radar of educational research. In this paper, a calculus help forum is examined for manifestations of convenience, connection, and control, which are commonly used to describe student expectations regarding information technology use. Results indicate that students can receive efficient, accessible, and self-regulated help. Two additional themes for student experience, comfort and communication, are proposed.

scholarly journals Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2991-3010
Author(s):  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
◽  
Marcio dos Reis Martins ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Sarkis ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
South Central ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Adverse Weather

The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.

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