CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY FOR SEX DETERMINATION USING MAXILLARY SINUS VOLUMES ON COMPUTARIZED TOMOGRAPHY IN SOKOTO NIGERIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed A ◽  
Zagga AD ◽  
Ma'aji SM ◽  
Bello SS ◽  
Usman JD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Helical Ct ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Background:Objectives:Methods: Identification of human remain requires a comparison between ante-mortem and post-mortem evidences, as such, the use of bones that are often easily recovered intact like the maxilla, becomes necessary although the skull and other bones may be badly disfigured. To determine the precision with which the maxillary sinus volumes identifies sex. 130 subjects (79 males and 51 females), between 20 - 80 years, with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT scans carried out at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2008 to 2012 were involved in this study. The volume of each sinus was determined by the product of three linear measurements (craniocaudal (height), anteroposterior (dept) and transverse (width) diameters), using Neusoft Dual Slide Helical CT machine and the slice thickness. These measurements were performed on three-dimensional reconstructed images using V-works 3.0 program. The discriminant analysis showed that the accuracy with which the maxillary sinus volume could identify sex was 50.6% in males, and 60.8% in females. Computerized Tomography estimation of maxillary sinus volume may be of value to support sex determination in forensic anthropology. Sex Determination, Maxillary Sinus, Volume.Results:Conclusion:Keywords:

Is the Maxillary Sinus Really Suitable in Sex Determination? A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Volume and Surface Depending on Sex and Dentition

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. e723-e726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Florian Peters ◽  
Timm Steiner ◽  
Frank Hölzle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume

Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary sinus volume in different age and sex groups using CBCT

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. 1493-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Mehmet Colak ◽  
Ozkan Adiguzel ◽  
Zeki Akkus ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Estimation of Forensic Sex Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Skull in Korean: Non-metric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Yun Taek Shim ◽  
Ye Hwon Jeong ◽  
Yi-Suk Kim ◽  
Nahyun Aum ◽  
Seung Gyu Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

This study performed the forensic anthropological sex estimation of Koreans in a non-metric way by reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of skulls. The skull CT images used in this study were 100 (51 males, 49 females), and all CT images were taken with a slice thickness of 0.75 mm and then reconstructed into 3D images using the MIMICS 23.0 program. Using the reconstructed 3D image, measurements were repeated twice. The sex determination was male if the 4 point to 5 point was relatively more in five landmarks, and female if the points of 1 to 2 were relatively more. Results of the study show that, 88 of the 100 cases matched the actual sex. Among the 12 discrepant cases, ten cases were mismatched with the actual sex even though the estimation and repeated estimation readout of sexestimating were the same. Two cases, were “unknown,” showing different sexes in the first and repeated estimations. In conclusion, this study indicated that a forensic anthropological analysis from 3D images provided accurate point information on the landmarks of skulls, showing as high an accuracy as the sex estimation method using real bones. The ten cases of sex mismatch, except the two “Unknown” cases, are considered to be errors that did not consider differences in population groups. In further studies, further establishing a nonmetric, specifically Korean methods to increase the accuracy and reliability of sex estimation is need.

scholarly journals Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Köhler ◽  
Ellen Schulz-Kornas ◽  
Ingrid Vervuert ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
Karsten Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) datasets of 12 healthy adult Shetland ponies were performed and analysed. Linear measurements of head length and width were taken. Using semi-automatic segmentation, 3D-models of all sinus compartments were created. Volumetric measurement of the seven sinus compartments were conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Sinus volumes were compared between the left and right sinuses and the relation to age and head size was evaluated. Results Structure and shape of the paranasal sinus system in Shetland ponies was similar to that of large horses. All seven sinus compartments on each side of the head were identified (rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, middle conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus). The existence of a bilateral cranial and a caudal system formed by a maxillary septum was visible in all 12 individuals. The volumetric sizes of the left and right sinuses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between the size of the paranasal sinuses and the head length was shown. A relation between sinus volumes and age could not be proved in adult ponies aged > six years. Communication between single sinus compartments was identified. Furthermore, communication with the nasal cavity over the nasomaxillary aperture (Apertura nasomaxillaris) and a common sinonasal channel (Canalis sinunasalis communis) as well as its splitting up into a rostral and a caudolateral channel could be seen. Examination of the sinonasal communication was challenging and only a descriptive evaluation was possible. Conclusions Our findings concerning the size, shape and volumetric dimensions of Shetland pony CT images could help improve CT interpretation of abnormal clinical cases as well as aiding clinicians to develop and select appropriate instruments for medical inspection and treatments.

scholarly journals Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Stem Cell-Derived Osteoinduction or In Vivo Osteoconduction? Novel Insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Advanced Imaging

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Giovanna Iezzi ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Luca Valbonetti ◽  
Serena Mazzoni ◽  
Michele Furlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Posterior Maxilla

Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.

scholarly journals Research on the Computed Tomography Pebble Flow Detecting System for HTR-PM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xin Wan ◽  
Ximing Liu ◽  
Jichen Miao ◽  
Peng Cong ◽  
Yuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Helical Ct ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Pebble Flow

Pebble dynamics is important for the safe operation of pebble-bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors and is a complicated problem of great concern. To investigate it more authentically, a computed tomography pebble flow detecting (CT-PFD) system has been constructed, in which a three-dimensional model is simulated according to the ratio of 1 : 5 with the core of HTR-PM. A multislice helical CT is utilized to acquire the reconstructed cross-sectional images of simulated pebbles, among which special tracer pebbles are designed to indicate pebble flow. Tracer pebbles can be recognized from many other background pebbles because of their heavy kernels that can be resolved in CT images. The detecting principle and design parameters of the system were demonstrated by a verification experiment on an existing CT system in this paper. Algorithms to automatically locate the three-dimensional coordinates of tracer pebbles and to rebuild the trajectory of each tracer pebble were presented and verified. The proposed pebble-detecting and tracking technique described in this paper will be implemented in the near future.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric investigation of craniofacial morphological change in domesticated silver foxes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Kistner ◽  
Katherine D. Zink ◽  
Steven Worthington ◽  
Daniel E. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Morphometric Investigation ◽  
Unselected Population

AbstractTo test the effects of domestication on craniofacial skeletal morphology, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) along with linear and endocranial measurements to compare selected (domesticated) and unselected foxes from the Russian Farm-Fox Experiment to wild foxes from the progenitor population from which the farmed foxes are derived. Contrary to previous findings, we find that domesticated and unselected foxes show minimal differences in craniofacial shape and size compared to the more substantial differences between the wild foxes and both populations of farmed foxes. GM analyses and linear measurements demonstrate that wild foxes differ from farmed foxes largely in terms of less cranial base flexion, relatively expanded cranial vaults, and increased endocranial volumes. These results challenge the assumption that the unselected population of foxes kept as part of the Russian Farm-Fox experiment are an appropriate proxy for ‘wild’ foxes in terms of craniofacial morphology and highlight the need to include wild populations in further studies of domestication syndrome to disentangle the phenotypic effects of multiple selection pressures. These findings also suggest that marked increases in docility cannot be reliably diagnosed from shape differences in craniofacial skeletal morphology.

scholarly journals An In Vivo 3D Micro-CT Evaluation of Tooth Movement After the Application of Different Force Magnitudes in Rat Molar

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Gonzales ◽  
Hitoshi Hotokezaka ◽  
Yoshinori Arai ◽  
Tadashi Ninomiya ◽  
Junya Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Center Of Rotation ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
Space Width

Abstract Objective: To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space width and three-dimensional tooth movement with continuous-force magnitudes in living rats. Materials and Methods: Using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for 28 days, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g mesial force was applied to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-CT was taken in the same rat at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, and 28 days. The width of the PDL was measured in the pressure and tension sides from 0 to 3 days. Angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate molar position at day 0, 10, 14, and 28. The finite element model (FEM) was constructed to evaluate the initial stress distribution, molar displacement, and center of rotation of the molar. Results: The initial evaluation of PDL width showed no statistical differences among different force magnitudes. Tooth movement was registered 1 hour after force application and gradually increased with time. From day 10, greater tooth movement was observed when 10 g of force was applied. The FEM showed that the center of rotation in the molar is located in the center of five roots at the apical third of the molar roots. Conclusion: The rat's molar movement mainly consists of mesial tipping, extrusion of distal roots, intrusion of mesial root, palatal inclination, and mesial rotation. Although the initial tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes until day 3 was not remarkably different, 10 g of force produced more tooth movement compared with heavier forces at day 28.

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