scholarly journals Contemporary Chinese parents' needs and questions of parenting for young children: a Web text-mining approach.

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihua He ◽  
◽  
Si He ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Chinese Parents ◽  
Web Text Mining ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Introduction. The current study investigated characteristics of parenting needs and questions of Mainland Chinese parents of young children. Specifically, Web text-mining technology was used to identify themes of parenting needs and questions, and parents' emotional status hidden in their question texts. Method. Total of 921,483 questions that parents posted from the top five parenting Websites in China during a 36-month study period were collected. Results. Daily care is one of the most important topics that concerned parents. Contemporary Mainland Chinese parents tend to raise questions about parental knowledge and skills. Different themes of questions could also be identified from different care-givers and different age groups of young children. Conclusions. From a parenting-oriented perspective, contemporary Chinese parents asked pesonalised questions through the Internet frequently. The considerable needs of grandparenting emerged. Programme designers and social policy makers should empower and support young children's parents with their parental knowledge, skills and emotional competence.

Implications for, and the Meaning of, Supporting Young Rural Alaskan Children with Complex Needs

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ryan-Vincek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
The Right

Supporting young children, who experience complex multiple disabilities in their homes and communities, has become an important feature of early intervention programs throughout the country. How parents and professionals view quality of life issues for these young children can provide information for interventionists, policy makers, and care givers. Qualitative research methods were employed over a three-year period to investigate perceptions of parents and professionals regarding support for young children who experience complex multiple disabilities. Descriptive themes emerged from the data that characterize features of support resulting in quality of life for young children living in rural Alaska who experience complex multiple disabilities. Some of these themes were “getting the right equipment at the right time,” “caring and consistent professionals,” and “responsive and flexible medical and support systems.” Findings indicated discrepancies between parents who live in rural Alaska and professionals over (a) perceptions of what support means and (b) the focus of some policies and systems.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anaemia in Children of 6 Months to 59 Months in Narayanganj, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Uddin ◽  
MH Sardar ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
MF Bhuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of 6 to 59 months old in Narayanganj, Bangladesh to help policy makers to formulate health and nutrition policies in national level. Methods: In 2009, a representative sample of 767 young children (age ranging from 6 to 59 months) had their haemoglobin concentration measured. The sampling process was in three stages: at first, 5 Upazila hospitals, 1 District hospital and a 200 bedded specialized hospital were randomly selected to represent the whole district and its 5 geographic urban and rural areas. Next, using census lists, 15 census sectors were randomly chosen. Finally, 767 children of 6-59 months were selected. Blood was collected by vein puncture and haemoglobin concentration was measured with a haemoglobin meter. Data were analysed to determine prevalence of anaemia. Results: The prevalence of anemia among the children of 5-59 months old was 40.9% for the district as a whole. Prevalence in the municipal region of Narayanganj was 40.9%. The rural areas had the highest prevalence of 66.9%. Prevalence was almost two times higher in children of 6-23 months in comparison to children of 24-59 months i.e. 61.8% and 31.0% respectively. The mean haemoglobin concentrations in the younger and older age groups were 10.4(±1.5) g/ dl and 11.4(±1.4) g/dl respectively. There is no difference found between the sexes. Conclusion: This is the first assessment of anaemia prevalence among young children in Narayangaj, Bangladesh. As there is very high prevalence of anaemia among the children studied in Fatulla upazila, especially those in the age group 6-23 months, public health interventions are needed here most. Key words: Anaemia; iron deficiency anaemia; haemoglobin; child heath; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i2.7084J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(2) : 126-130

Blocking Is Sensitive to Causal Structure in 4-Year-Old and 8-Year-Old Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Beckers ◽  
Uschi Van den Broeck ◽  
Marij Renne ◽  
Stefaan Vandorpe ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Contingency Learning

Abstract. In a contingency learning task, 4-year-old and 8-year-old children had to predict the outcome displayed on the back of a card on the basis of cues presented on the front. The task was embedded in either a causal or a merely predictive scenario. Within this task, either a forward blocking or a backward blocking procedure was implemented. Blocking occurred in the causal but not in the predictive scenario. Moreover, blocking was affected by the scenario to the same extent in both age groups. The pattern of results was similar for forward and backward blocking. These results suggest that even young children are sensitive to the causal structure of a contingency learning task and that the occurrence of blocking in such a task defies an explanation in terms of associative learning theory.

Information Practices of Baby Boomers as Caregivers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuan Seow ◽  
Nadia Caidi
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maladie D’Alzheimer ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growing Age

Canada has an aging population with the fastest growing age groups (80 and 45-64 years old) vulnerable to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Caregiving responsibilities often fall to the family members of the afflicted without much attention and consideration being placed on the information needs of these caregivers. We call for a better understanding of these caregivers' information needs and uses by social policy makers as well as information providers.La population du Canada a tendance à vieillir considérablement, avec la hausse la plus rapide dans les groupes d’âge (80 et 45 à 64 ans). Les personnes âges sont très vulnérables à toute sorte de maladies, telles que la maladie d’Alzheimer. La responsabilité revient souvent aux membres de la famille qui doivent prendre soin des personnes atteintes de cette maladie. Or, nous ne connaissons que peu de chose sur les besoins en information des personnes qui prennent soin de ces malades de l’Alzheimer : qui sont-ils ? Quelles sont leurs sources... 

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

A proposal to enhance national capability to manage epidemics: The critical importance of expert statistical input including official statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
N.I. Fisher ◽  
D.J. Trewin
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integration Analysis

Given the high level of global mobility, pandemics are likely to be more frequent, and with potentially devastating consequences for our way of life. With COVID-19, Australia is in relatively better shape than most other countries and is generally regarded as having managed the pandemic well. That said, we believe there is a critical need to start the process of learning from this pandemic to improve the quantitative information and related advice provided to policy makers. A dispassionate assessment of Australia’s health and economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals some important inadequacies in the data, statistical analysis and interpretation used to guide Australia’s preparations and actions. For example, one key shortcoming has been the lack of data to obtain an early understanding of the extent of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases or the differences across age groups, occupations or ethnic groups. Minimising the combined health, social and economic impacts of a novel virus depends critically on ongoing acquisition, integration, analysis, interpretation and presentation of a variety of data streams to inform the development, execution and monitoring of appropriate strategies. The article captures the essential quantitative components of such an approach for each of the four basic phases, from initial detection to post-pandemic. It also outlines the critical steps in each stage to enable policy makers to deal more efficiently and effectively with future such events, thus enhancing both the social and the economic welfare of its people. Although written in an Australian context, we believe most elements would apply to other countries as well.

scholarly journals 1465. Age-Dependent Interactions Among Clinical Characteristics, Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Young Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV) Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S734-S735
Author(s):  
Helena Brenes-Chacon ◽  
Cristina Garcia-Maurino ◽  
Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel ◽  
Sara Mertz ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rsv Infection

Abstract Background Differences in clinical presentation and viral loads according to age in young children with RSV, and their correlation with disease severity are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to define age-dependent the differences in demographic, clinical factors and viral loads between children < 2 years of age with mild RSV infection evaluated as outpatients versus those hospitalized with severe RSV infection. Figure 1. Sign and Symptoms according to disease severity and age in infants with RSV infection. Most relevant signs and symptoms were stratified in outpatients (orange) vs inpatients (blue) by age in (A) < 3 months, (B) between 3 and 6 months, and (C) > 6 to 24 months of age. The Y axis represents the signs and symptoms in the two disease severity groups and the X axis the frequency of that specific symptom (%). Numbers next to bars represent the exact number of patients with that specific sign/symptom. Comparisons by Fisher exact test. Symbol (*) indicate significant 2-sided p values Figure 2. Viral load differences according to age in infants with RSV infection. The Y axis represents RSV loads in log10 copies/mL and the X axis differences in viral loads in outpatients (orange) and inpatients (blue) in the three age groups. Comparisons by Mann Whitney test. Methods Previously healthy children < 2 years old with mild (outpatients) and severe (inpatients) RSV infection were enrolled and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for RSV typing and quantitation by real-time PCR. Patients were stratified by age (0-< 3, 3-6, and >6-24 months) and multivariable analyses were performed to identify clinical and viral factors associated with severe disease. Results From 2014-2018 we enrolled 534 children with RSV infection: 130 outpatients and 404 inpatients. Median duration of illness was 4 days for both groups, yet viral loads were higher in outpatients than inpatient in the three age groups (Fig 1). Wheezing was more frequent in outpatients of older age (>3 months) than in inpatients (p< 0.01), while fever was more common in inpatients that outpatients (p< 0.01) and increased with age (Fig 2). Adjusted analyses confirmed that increased work of breathing and fever were consistently associated with hospitalization irrespective of age, while wheezing in infants >3 months, and higher RSV loads in children >6-24 months were independently associated with reduced disease severity. Conclusion Age had a significant impact defining the interactions among viral loads, specific clinical manifestations and disease severity in children with RSV infection. These observations highlight the importance of patient stratification when evaluating interventions against RSV. Disclosures Octavio Ramilo, MD, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant/Research Support)Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Medimmune (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)NIH/NIAID (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Sanofi/Medimmune (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member) Asuncion Mejias, MD, PhD, MsCS, Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)Roche (Advisor or Review Panel member)

Developmental Study of the Effect of Dimensionality and Presentation Mode on Original Thinking of Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah W. Tegano ◽  
James D. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multidimensional Stimulus ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Original Thinking

A sample of 188 children in three age groups, preschool, first and third grades, were administered the Patterns Task of the Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure in four test conditions. The conditions systematically varied dimension (three or two) and presentation mode (handling or nonhandling). The fluency measure assessed ideational fluency, popular and original responses, as a measure of creative potential in young children. Analysis showed that dimensionality does not play a major role in the generation of original responses for any grade. However, handling 3-dimensional or 2-dimensional stimuli did appear to facilitate original thinking in preschool children. The use of 2-dimensional photographs which depict dimensionality appeared to compensate for the need to have 3-dimensional stimuli.

scholarly journals Visualization of Lesions of Metaphyses and Epiphyses of Bones in Newborns and Young Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
N. A. Sholokhova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic capabilities of various methods of radiological diagnostics for lesions of the metaphyses and epiphyses of bones in newborns and young children.The study involved 108 children in the age group 5 days – 12 months with pathological changes in the pineal gland and bone metaphysis. The possibilities and advantages of standard radiography (СR), ultrasound examination (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early and differential diagnosis of the osteomyelitis process and epiphyseolysis have been determined. High sensitivity (98 %), specificity (99 %) and accuracy (98 %) for ultrasound and sensitivity (94 %), specificity (89 %) and accuracy (95 %) of MRI in diagnosing osteomyelitis in patients of this age groups. At the same time, the possibilities of standard radiography at the stages of early diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the distal parts of the bones were limited due to a number of factors. The use of diagnostic algorithms greatly facilitates the work of a radiologist and reduces the number of false negative results during the initial treatment of patients.

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