scholarly journals Coin-Based Mobile Charger using Solar Tracker

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Nethravathi P. S. ◽  
Aithal P. S. ◽  
Sonia Soans ◽  
Nayana Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Mobile Charger

Background/Purpose: Mobile phone industry is a booming industry in the market in the present times. This industry is growing tremendously not only in urban areas but also in villages. For communication and other various purposes people use Mobile phones. Hence the usage of mobile is much more that before ten years. In urban areas there are many resources available for charging but in rural areas most of the time charging facilities are unavailable and load shedding causes a lot of problems. Sometimes the battery becomes low during conversations or even an important transaction, and an urgent charging becomes necessary. Objective: The major objective of this work is by inserting a coin in public places, one can charge the mobile phone. It will be helpful for the people who are suing mobile phones outside their homes/offices, need to use the coin based mobile phone charger to charge the mobile. To transmit and receive the IR (Infrared) signal, an IR transmitter and IR receiver will be used at the receiving end. A coin needs to be inserted between IR transmitter and receiver, which will change the polarity of the pulses in Signal Conditioning Unit (SCU) input. To activate the 230V charger, the relay will be ON and then the charger is used to charge the mobile phone. Design/Methodology/Approach: Coin-based Mobile charger using solar tracker designed to provide a completely different service to people staying in rural areas. For controlling applications, 8051 microcontroller-based circuits used for programming. Power grid is the used for charging and the energy obtained from the sun is used when grid power is not available. MATLAB is utilized for coding to find the edge of the coin comparing it to the image clicked by the camera and to avoid coin duplication Findings/Results: A simple and effective mobile charger has been implemented, which allow users to charge their phones in an emergency in public areas. This device uses very few components with a microcontroller 8051-based circuit. Usage of stepper motors allows accurate sun tracking. After reviewing the data, it was discovered that it is possible to capture good volume of sun energy when compared with fixed panel system. This method is more efficient, less costly and easier to use. Conclusion: This work uses solar power as solar energy and generates more energy for free of cost. This system also uses external grid power in the absence of solar energy which will be helpful in the rural areas since villages face load shedding most of the time. Paper Type: Research paper on the success story and contributing factors of coin based mobile charger using solar system.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone as a Communication Device for Seeking Agricultural Information by the Rural Farm Women in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-134
Author(s):  
Md. Sadekur Rahman ◽  
Md. Enamul Haque ◽  
Md. Safiul Islam Afrad ◽  
Shaikh Shamim Hasan ◽  
Md. Abiar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Farm Women ◽  
Contributing Factors

Mobile phone helps in communication and thus, lead to accessing information is gaining popularity in Bangladesh along with many developing countries.In the remote rural areas where mobile network is not up to the expectation yet and scarcity of information is a stark, rural farm women entrepreneur trying to seek information through mobile phone. The focus of the study was to determine the extent and types of information seeking through mobile phones by the rural farm women and explore the contribution of selected characteristics of the rural farm women on the extent of information seeking through mobile phones. The study was conducted in two geographic locations, in the Northern part of Bangladesh Doholpara, and  Dakkhinkharibari village under DimlaUpazila, and in the Southern part Borokupot village of ShyamnagarUpazila. A multi-stage sampling technique was followed in conducting the study. The present study was conducted on 150 sampled rural farm women which comprised of 50 from each farm enterprise's crop, fisheries, and livestock. Data were collected by a pre-tested interview schedule that was prepared with simple and direct questions with different appropriate scales from September to December 2020. Along with descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis were also performed. The major findings revealed that the majority of the rural farm women of each three farm enterprises (crop, fisheries, and livestock) in the study area were found in a category of those who seek agricultural information through mobile phone at a medium to a higher level. Findings also revealed that in all three agricultural farm enterprises, rural farm women mostly seek market information i.e. calling market centers, traders, and dealers for checking market price followed by collecting weather forecast and contact with experts during an emergency like information regarding diseases of fish, selection fish fries and contact with the veterinary surgeon or quack doctor regarding domestics animal. Among profile characteristics, family size, experience in managing the farm, attitude towards the mobile phone, and organizational participation were identified as the important contributing factors of the rural farm women in seeking information through mobile phone.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Use of Interactive Voice Response Mobile Phone Surveys for Noncommunicable Disease Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance in Rural Uganda: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
Elizeus Rutebemberwa ◽  
Dan Kajungu ◽  
George W Pariyo ◽  
Adnan A Hyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Community Members

BACKGROUND There is need for more timely data to inform interventions that address the growing noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic. With a global increase in mobile phone ownership, mobile phone surveys can bridge this gap. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the acceptability and use of interactive voice response (IVR) surveys for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors in rural Uganda. METHODS This qualitative study employed user group testing (UGT) with community members. The study was conducted at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Eastern Uganda. We conducted four UGTs which consisted of different categories of HDSS members: females living in urban areas, males living in urban areas, females living in rural areas, and males living in rural areas. Participants were individually sent an IVR survey, then were brought in for a group discussion using a semistructured guide. Data were analyzed thematically using directed content analysis. RESULTS Participants perceived that IVR surveys may be useful in promoting confidentiality, saving costs, and raising awareness on NCD behavioral risk factors. Due to the clarity and delivery of questions in the local language, the IVR survey was perceived as easy to use. Community members suggested scheduling surveys on specific days and sending reminders as ways to improve their use for surveillance. Social issues such as domestic violence and perceptions toward unknown calls, technological factors including poor network connections and inability to use phones, and personal issues such as lack of access to phones and use of multiple networks were identified as barriers to the acceptability and use of mobile phone surveys. However, incentives were reported to motivate people to complete the survey. CONCLUSIONS Community members reflected on contextual and sociological implications of using mobile phones for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors. The opportunities and challenges that affect acceptability and use of IVR surveys should be considered in designing and implementing surveillance programs for NCD risk factors.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Dual Axis Solar Tracker Using Arduino Microcontroller

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Ye-Obong Udoakah ◽  
Egwuchukwu Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
The Impact

Energy is pivotal to the human and capital development of any nation; hence, the ever growing quest to discover reliable and sustainable energy sources. Researches on renewable energy sources ranging from wind, tidal, hydro power and solar energy is on-going; all geared towards providing better electrical energy source. Solar energy, however, holds a very promising future as far as sustainable energy solution is concerned. It is silent, green, with zero negative impact to the globe and no pollution. Unlike the conventional energy sources from fossil fuel, it reduces greatly the impact of global warming and remains endless. The developed solar tracker has two automatic tracking axis for both the zenith daily and the azimuth annually as well as displaying in real-time solar irradiation and tilt angles on the mounted LCD. The self-controlled tracking is achieved by using a MEGA2560 microcontroller board, programmed to read analog values from an array of LDRs, convert them to digital values, compare them and drive the stepper motors in the desired direction until equal light is sensed by alternate LDRs. At this point, the panel is aligned perpendicular to the sun rays to capture the maximum possible energy. A working prototype is successfully designed and constructed. The testing revealed very precise tracking made possible by using micro-stepping modes of the stepper motors. This also gave a very high tracking accuracy of about ±0.0560.

scholarly journals Interaction effect of Exogenous and Endogenous variables on childhood mortality in Southern Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke Fayehun
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Endogenous Variables

While maternal and child health statistics in Nigeria are still relatively high, indicators from several studies show that the southern region has significantly improved over the northern region. However, the childhood mortality rate in the southern part of the country is still higher than 70/80 per 1000 live births envisaged by Millennium Development Goal Four. The contributing factors identified in the literature can be grouped into endogenous and exogenous variables. The effects of the exogenous variables are indirect because they operate through the endogenous variables to affect child’s health. This study examines the interaction effect of endogenous and exogenous variables in southern Nigeria and its contributions to childhood mortality. Using the child file from Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey 2008 data, a total weighted sample of 10,769 births for southern Nigeria were selected for this study. The findings reveal that there is interaction effect of endogenous and exogenous variables on childhood mortality in Southern Nigeria. For both urban and rural area, children under five years with positive indicators have improved chances of survival than those who have less. Interacting breastfeeding pattern, source of drinking water and toilet facility with the residential area gave a robust finding, that even when the residential risk patterns are similar, the risk of childhood mortality in the urban areas is significantly lower than rural areas.

Mobile Phones as a Lens into Slum Dynamics

2012 ◽  
pp. 334-352
Author(s):  
Amy Wesolowski ◽  
Nathan Eagle
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Slum Dwellers

The worldwide adoption of mobile phones is providing researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to utilize large-scale data to better understand human behavior. This chapter highlights the potential use of mobile phone data to better understand the dynamics driving slums in Kenya. Given slum dwellers informal and transient lifetimes (in terms of places of employment, living situations, etc.), comprehensive longitude behavioral data sets are rare. Working with communication and location data from Kenya’s leading mobile phone operator, the authors use mobile phone data as a window into the social, mobile, and economic dimensions of slum dwellers. The authors address questions about the functionality of slums in urban areas in terms of economic, social, and migratory dynamics. In particular, the authors discuss economic mobility in slums, the importance of social networks, and the connectivity between slums and other urban areas. With four years until the 2015 deadline to meet the Millennium Development Goals, including the goal to improve the lives of slum dwellers worldwide, there is a great need for tools to make development and urban planning decisions more beneficial and precise.

scholarly journals Mobile phones for development

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain K. Cibangu ◽  
Mark Hepworth ◽  
Donna Champion
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper relayed an important line of Mark Hepworth’s work, which engages with information technologies and development. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a subfield of library and information science (LIS) for development to reclaim the role of information services and systems for social change in rural areas. The paper looked at the extent of development gained with the advent of mobile phones. Design/methodology/approach Rather than undertaking traditional large-scale, quantitative, context-independent and survey-type research, the paper employed capability approach and semi-structured interviews to ascertain the experiences that mobile phone kiosk vendors in the rural Congo had of mobile phones. Findings It was found that mobile phones should be geared towards the liberation, and not utilization or commodification of humans and their needs and that mobile phones were not a catalyst of human basic capabilities. Research limitations/implications Since the method employed is an in-depth qualitative analysis of mobile phone kiosk vendors, obtained results can be used to enrich or inform mobile phone experiences in other settings and groups. Practical implications This paper provided empirical evidence as to how an important group of mobile phone users could harness development with their mobiles. Originality/value Most LIS literature has presented mobile phones along the lines of information freedom or access, mass subscription, adoption rates, technological and entrepreneurial innovation, micro-credits, etc. However, the paper placed the topic development at the heart of LIS debates.

scholarly journals Mobile Phones, in Combination with a Computer Locator System, Improve the Response Times of Emergency Medical Services in Central London

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Gossage ◽  
DP Frith ◽  
TWG Carrell ◽  
M Damiani ◽  
J Terris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Locating System

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine whether mobile phones and mobile phone locating devices are associated with improved ambulance response times in central London. PATIENTS AND METHODS All calls from the London Ambulance Service database since 1999 were analysed. In addition, 100 consecutive patients completed a questionnaire on mobile phone use whilst attending the St Thomas's Hospital Emergency Department in central London. RESULTS Mobile phone use for emergencies in central London has increased from 4007 (5% of total) calls in January 1999 to 21,585 (29%) in August 2004. Ambulance response times for mobile phone calls were reduced after the introduction of the mobile phone locating system (mean 469 s versus 444 s; P = 0.0195). The proportion of mobile phone calls made from mobile phones for life-threatening emergencies was higher after injury than for medical emergencies (41% versus 16%, P = 0.0063). Of patients transported to the accident and emergency department by ambulance, 44% contacted the ambulance service by mobile phone. Three-quarters of calls made from outside the home or work-place were by mobile phone and 72% of patients indicated that it would have taken longer to contact the emergency services if they had not used a mobile. CONCLUSIONS Since the introduction of the mobile phone locating system, there has been an improvement in ambulance response times. Mobile locating systems in urban areas across the UK may lead to faster response times and, potentially, improved patient outcomes.

scholarly journals The Potential of Mobile Phones to Transform Teacher Professional Development to Build Sustainable Educational Futures in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Christopher S Walsh ◽  
Clare Woodward ◽  
Mike Solly ◽  
Prithvi Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Teacher Professional

Futures thinking is used by governments to consider long-term strategic approaches and develop policies and practices that are potentially resilient to future uncertainty. English in Action (EIA), arguably the world's largest English language teacher professional development (TPD) project, used futures thinking to author possible, probable and preferable future scenarios to solve the project's greatest technological challenge: how to deliver audio-visual TPD materials and hundreds of classroom audio resources to 75,000 teachers by 2017. Authoring future scenarios and engaging in possibility thinking (PT) provided us with a taxonomy of question-posing and question-responding that assisted the project team in being creative. This process informed the successful pilot testing of a mobile-phone-based technology kit to deliver TPD resources within an open distance learning (ODL) platform. Taking the risk and having the foresight to trial mobile phones in remote rural areas with teachers and students led to unforeseen innovation. As a result, EIA is currently using a mobile-phone-based technology kit with 12,500 teachers to improve the English language proficiency of 700,000 students. As the project scales up in its third and final phase, we are using the new technology kit — known as the 'trainer in your pocket' — to foster a 'quiet revolution' in the provision of professional development for teachers at scale to an additional 67,500 teachers and nearly 10 million students.

scholarly journals Open defecation free: where do we need to focus ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari ◽  
Sudha Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income

BackgroundDespite major national and international efforts, many households in Nepal (as in other low-income and middle-income countries) still lack toilets. This paper assesses various determinants that act as main contributing factors because of which households in Nepal still do not have toilets. MethodsData from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 was used for this study. Bivariate analysis was done to assess the association between dependent variables (toilet status- having and not having toilets in the household) and independent variables (demographic, socio-economic and geographical characteristics) using Chi-square test. Then, a multi variate logistic regression model was used to assess significant predictors for a household not having a toilet after controlling other variables. ResultsOut of the total number of sampled households (11040), nearly a fifth (18%) belonged to province no. 2, where nearly half of the households (49%) did not have toilet facilities. Similarly, households in rural areas were found to be less likely to have toilets than households in urban areas (aOR=1.56, CI1.35-1.80). In the Terai, households were almost ten times as likely not to have toilets (aOR=9.65, CI6.56-14.19) as compared to households in the mountain region. Furthermore, there is a strong positive association between households with toilets and their economic status. Poorest (aOR=15.19, CI11.26-20.47), poorer (aOR=8.75, CI6.89-11.11) and middle income (aOR=5.12, CI4.15-6.32) households were less likely to have a toilet than richer or richest households. ConclusionsDespite some real achievements and progress in Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, Nepal still has a large number of residences without a toilet. Thus, it is crucial to address all the multifaceted factors such as geographical, provincial and economic when considering sustainable ODF programming.

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

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