Eurointegration as a Trigger for the Serbian Ethnic Separatism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-156
Author(s):  
A. M. Ponamareva
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protective Reaction ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Republika Srpska ◽  
The Eu

The paper provides a retrospective analysis of the European Union’s policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and its possible outcomes for BiH progress towards positive sovereignty amid growing international tensions in the Western Balkans. The paper draws on a vast body of both Russian and Western academic literature on the collapse of Yugoslavia, BiH under the Dayton Agreements, the possibilities of democracy building in divided societies, as well as on a range of official documents adopted by various EU institutions. On that basis the author assesses the prospects for BiH to survive in its current administrative-territorial borders. The paper examines the outcomes of the Bosnian War, as well as the main effects of the external governance mechanisms implementation in BiH. This allows the author to trace the evolution of the EU policy towards BiH and to reassess the country’s progress in terms of Eurointegration. Since the EU has refused to grant countries, which do not meet the Copenhagen criteria, the status of a member state ‘in advance’, the main conclusions on the prospects of the BiH accession to the EU are drawn from the European Commission’s 2020 Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following the logic and the structure of the report, the author assesses the BiH efforts to meet the set targets and criteria, such as establishing a stable democratic political system, promoting the development of civil society institutions and the rule of law, combating corruption and organized crime, ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, migration management, strengthening economy and regional cooperation. The report of the European Commission clearly hints that most obstacles for BiH progress towards EU membership arise from the lack of support from the Republika Srpska and that it is impossible to overcome its obstruction within the framework of Dayton Agreements. However, the author argues that this fixation on revision of the Dayton Agreements, accompanied by excessive pressure on the Serbian community in BiH may provoke protective reaction of the Serbian community, resulting in a rising nationalism and disintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Status ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
The Eu

Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) belongs to the group of countries of the Western Balkans, which has the status of potential candidate for EU membership. However, to achieve candidate status and full EU membership, it is necessary to carry out complex structural reforms that should ensure convergence towards EU countries, which will be a long and difficult process. The aim of this paper is to point to the specificities of economic and political transformations in BiH in the context of economic changes occurring in the environment and which can significantly affect the EU accession process. This paper gives an overview of the basic economic features of B & H, as well as projections on the movement of certain economic categories in the forthcoming period. An analysis of the position of B & H in the group of countries of the Western Balkans and the perspective of economic growth was conducted.

Ekonomiczne aspekty integracji Bośni i Hercegowiny z Unią Europejską w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Monika Szynol
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

At the end of the second decade of the 21st century the European Union (EU) – presenting a new strategy of enlargement policy, organising an official summit of the state leaders and devoting to potential accessions the meeting of the Council of the EU – recalled that the future of the Western Balkans lies in the EU. Therefore, there is a reasonable question: whether the intensification of the EU’s enlargement policy will affect favourably Bosnia and Herzegovina, a state considered as a potential candidate for the membership since 2003? Basing on (inter alia) official documents issued by the EU institutions, macroeconomic data and in relation to the EU’s policy towards the Western Balkans region, it is worthwhile to suppose, that – despite numerous (political, economic, social) deficits and weaknesses – Bosnia and Herzegovina, which applied for membership in the EU in 2016, will receive the status of an official candidate country soon (in the thir d decade of the 21st c entury).

scholarly journals The mountains of giants: an anthropometric survey of male youths in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Grasgruber ◽  
Stevo Popović ◽  
Dominik Bokuvka ◽  
Ivan Davidović ◽  
Sylva Hřebíčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
The World ◽  
Republika Srpska

The aim of this anthropometric survey, conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), was to map local geographical differences in male stature and some other anthropometric characteristics (sitting height, arm span). In addition, to investigate the main environmental factors influencing physical growth, the documented values of height would be compared with available nutritional and socioeconomic statistics. Anthropometric data were collected in 3192 boys aged approximately 18.3 years (17–20 years), from 97 schools in 37 towns. When corrected for population size in the examined regions, the average height of young males in BiH is 181.2 cm (181.4 cm in the Bosniak-Croat Federation, 180.9 cm in Republika Srpska). The regional variation is considerable—from 179.7 cm in the region of Doboj to 184.5 cm in the region of Trebinje. These results fill a long-term gap in the anthropological research of the Western Balkans and confirm older reports that the population of the Dinaric Alps is distinguished by extraordinary physical stature. Together with the Dutch, Montenegrins and Dalmatians, men from Herzegovina (183.4 cm) can be regarded as the tallest in the world. Because both nutritional standards and socioeconomic conditions are still deeply suboptimal, the most likely explanation of this exceptional height lies in specific genetic factors associated with the spread of Y haplogroup I-M170. The genetic potential for height in this region could then be the greatest in the world. Future studies should further elucidate the roots of this intriguing phenomenon, which touches an important aspect of human biodiversity.

Tržište električne energije u Republici Srpskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini – pregled i analiza u 2020. godini

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Dunja Mirjanić ◽  
Tihomir Dabović ◽  
Željko Marković
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republika Srpska

- Electricity markets in the Western Balkans are still not fully liberalized, so different of degrees electricity market openness can be observed from country to country and even within the country - Bosnia and Herzegovina is an obvious example. In Republika Srpska, the formal legal conditions for starting the process of opening the electricity market were met with the entry into force of the Law on Electricity in late 2007 and the Rulebook on Supplying Qualified Customers and the Procedure for Changing Suppliers, which entered into force in late 2014. However, the actual process of opening the electricity market did not begin until the Ordinance on Amendments to the Ordinance on the Supply of Qualified Customers and the Procedure for Changing Suppliers entered into force, which entered into force in March 2019. The paper first examines and analyses the activities carried out so far on the liberalization of the electricity market, and provides an assessment of achieved results. The necessary conditions and issues that arise before the further opening of the electricity market in the Republic of Srpska are further analysed. Finally, the most important activities that await all relevant actors, first the RS Government, then the line ministry and RERS, suppliers and businesses that actively participate in shaping the electricity market in order to prepare the market for further opening and meeting conditions for its successful completion were analysed in the text.

The Impact of covid-19 Measures on the Rule of Law in the Western Balkans and the Increase of Authoritarianism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Andi Hoxhaj ◽  
Fabian Zhilla
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Capture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article offers a comparative analysis of the covid-19 legal measures and model of governance adopted in the Western Balkans countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo) and its impact on the state of the rule of law, and ability of parliament and civil society to scrutinise government decisions. The article assesses the governments’ approaches to introducing and enforcing covid-19 legal measures, and shows examples of how covid-19 has exposed more openly the weaknesses in the existing system of checks and balances in the Western Balkans. The article offers new insights into how covid-19 presented a new opportunity for leaders in the Western Balkans to implement further their authoritarian model of governance in undermining the rule of law. This article offers suggestions on how the EU could respond, through its accession conditionality instruments and civil society, to redirect this trend towards more state capture.

scholarly journals THE COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF POLAND AND OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS IN AGRI-FOOD TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz AMBROZIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to compare the competitive positions of Poland and of sixcountries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) in their trade in agri-food products with theEuropean Union (EU) in 2010–2015. To this end, the synthetic tradecompetitiveness index (CI) was created, being the arithmetic average of twonormalised indices of the competitive position, i.e. the trade coverage index (TC)and the Balassa revealed comparative advantages index (RCA). The study is basedon the trade data from the WITS – World Integrated Trade Solution database(Comtrade, HS – Harmonised System 2002), expressed in USD. Agri-foodproducts are understood as products classified in chapters 01–24 of the HarmonisedCommodity Description and Coding System (HS). The research results show thatonly in trade of 5 product groups no country from the Western Balkans competedwith Poland in the EU market. In other product groups which were competitive inPolish exports Poland competed in the EU market with some of the WesternBalkan countries.

scholarly journals BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FACES THE EXISTENTIAL THREAT: TIME TO STOP SEPARATISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoman Ertuğrul Tulun
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Republika Srpska ◽  
The Eu

AVİM, for some time, has been drawing attention for developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) that threaten the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Confirming this foresight, the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the report he has recently presented to the UN Secretary General stated the view that BiH is in imminent danger of breaking apart, and there is a very real prospect of a return to conflict. During the UN Security Council UNSC) debate, the representative of the USA expressed concern over Milorad Dodik statements indicating an intention to withdraw Republika Srpska entirely from the Government and described this move as a dangerous path for Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider region. The Russian Federation (RF) insisted on the closure of the Office of the High Representative and openly declaresd that RF does not recognize the new High Representative. In the UNSC debate, Croatian representative made a "revisionist" statement, while the Serbian representative expressed balanced and careful views. Croatia was supported by the EU Delegation. The declaration of support by the EU for Croatia has a content that could lead to a dangerous path to the more revisionist developments in BiH. It is difficult to say that it is appropriate for the EU to make such a statement supporting the one constituent people at such a critical time. Bosniaks, one of the constituent and the most populous peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina, were left without support and alone in the Security Council. At this critical juncture, Turkey, as a member of the Steering Board of the Peace Implementation Council, seems to be the only country that can show its support to the Bosniaks, reveal the EU's inaction and its partisan position in BiH, and not give an opportunity to those who want to drive the Bosniaks into the corner.

scholarly journals IPA CBC FUND – TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BRCKO DISTRICT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Maksimović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The Eu

The European Union in different ways and through the structural funds, helps countries to develop in the Western Balkans. Decision of the EU, the total amount that will be available in Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period since 2007. 2013. is 4 billion. One of the priority measures under the IPA Cros-border coopertion (CBC) programme is the development of tourism. These measures should help and contribute to the development of tourism. How and in what way to access and become a user of these programs can help or helps? Cross-border projects involve regional cooperation and require financial resources in the preparation of the project. Trained staff is needed for this job. Local communities, along with their capacities should take on the preparation of these projects, and as partners include the tourist industry (workers) and encourage and inspire other tourist capacities in their local community.

scholarly journals Boosting growth through intra-regional cooperation: Macedonia and Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasminka Varnalieva ◽  
Nehat Ramadani
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to explore the status of economic cooperation among countries in the South East Europe (SEE) with particular attention on the cooperation between Macedonia and Albania. In line with the SEE 2020 Strategy adopted by the EU aspiring countries in 2013, increased intra-regional cooperation among the countries should be used as a preparation for a smooth and faster European and Euro-Atlantic integration. This paper provides an in-depth analysis and statistics of the overall economic cooperation, trade patterns and capital movement among the countries and identifies major obstacles for increased cooperation that could result in higher economic growth rates. The paper concludes that while the cooperation among countries of former Yugoslavia is stronger, the level of cooperation between Macedonia and Albania is still very low and could be significantly increased provided certain policy instruments are implemented.

The Protection of Human Rights Through the Dayton/Paris Peace Agreement on Bosnia

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Szasz
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
General Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
Republika Srpska

The Bosnia Proximity Peace Talks at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio, took place from November 1 to 21, 1995, and ended with the initialing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (GFA) and several of the annexed or related instruments by representatives of the principal states parties to the conflict in Bosnia: the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The initialing was witnessed by representatives of the European Union and the five states members of the Contact Group on Bosnia. In addition, all of the twelve instruments annexed to the GFA were also initialed or otherwise endorsed on behalf of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. The GFA and these instruments were formally signed in Paris on December 14, and thereby immediately entered into force.

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