scholarly journals Effects of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides on Antioxidant Enzymes and Reactivation Effects of Pralidoxime: In vitro Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Paluzar ◽  
◽  
Ayten Sagiroglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Reactivation Effect ◽  
Ic50 Values

The present study was aimed to assess the inhibition effects of organophosphate pesticides, malathionR, dichlorvosR; pyrethroid pesticides, deltamethrinR, λ-cyhalothrinR on antioxidantenzymes and reactivation ability of pralidoxime against pesticide inhibited-antioxidant enzymes. Oximes were reported by reactivation ability against organophosphate inhibited- acetylcholinesterase and we focused to investigate the reactivation effect of pralidoxime against organophosphate inhibited–antioxidant enzymes. IC50 values were determined by means of activity percentage diagrams. The concentrations of deltamethrinR, malathionR,dichlorvosR, λ-cyhalothrinR that inhibited 50% of catalase were 5.2 μM, 158 μM, 133 μM,320 μM, respectively, inhibited 50% of superoxide dismutase were 62 μM, 240 μM, 328 μM, 2320 μM, respectively and inhibited 50% of glutathione peroxidase were 0.7 μM, 1198 μM, 1638 μM, 98 μM, respectively. All pesticide doses showed inhibition effect on antioxidant enzymes. DeltamethrinR was found to be a more potent inhibitor for the antioxidant enzymesfollowed by the rest of pesticides used in this study. Reactivation effect of pralidoxime was determined for organophosphate inhibited-enzymes. Reactivation results showed that only catalase is reactivated by pralidoxime against dichlorvosR and malathionR. Under the exposureof 50-800 μM malathionR concentrations, catalase activity % was calculated as 72-11%,respectively. After inhibited catalase by malathionR incubated with 1 mM and 10 mMpralidoxime, catalase activity % was calculated as 92-31% and 98-39%, respectively. Under the exposure of 100-1500 μM dichlorvosR concentrations, catalase activity % was calculatedas 50-6%, respectively. After inhibited catalase by dichlorvosR incubated with 1 mM and 10mM pralidoxime, catalase activity % was calculated as 95-30% and 93-28%, respectively. When the results are examined, it is seen that increasing the pralidoxime concentration does not significantly affect the reactivation percentage of the catalase enzyme.

Activities of brain antioxidant enzymes, lipid and protein peroxidation

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Łukaszewicz-Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

AbstractOrganophosphate pesticides are known to induce oxidative stress and cause oxidative tissue damage, as has been reported in studies concerning acute and chronic intoxication with these compounds.Our objective was to investigate the activities of brain antioxidant enzymes and malonyldialdehyde, as well as the level of carbonyl groups, in rats sub-chronically intoxicated with chlorpyrifos at doses of 0.2, 2 and 5 mg per kg of body weight per day. It was found that chlorpyrifos induces change in brain antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidise, but to a different degree in comparison to proper control values; however, the elevated antioxidant enzymes activities failed to check lipid and protein peroxidation in the brains of rats. Thus, in sub-chronic intoxication with chlorpyrifos, as evidenced by increased level of malonyldialdehyde and carbonyl groups, oxidative stress is induced.Measurements of protein carbonyl groups appeared to give more consistent responses in the rats’ brains when compared to the malonyldialdehyde level after sub-chronic chlorpyrifos treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of in-vitro Antioxidant/Enzymes Inhibitory Potentials of Aframomum melegueta [Roscoe] K. Schum (Grains of Paradise) Leaf, Stem Bark, Seed Bark and Seed Extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
V. O. Olumekun ◽  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
I. O. Omotuyi ◽  
A. Olonisakin
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Oh Radical ◽  
Seed Extracts

The purpose of this research work is to evaluates the in-vitro antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes inhibition potentials of Aframomum melegueta [Roscoe] K. Schum (Grains of Paradise) Leaf, Stem Bark, Seed Bark and Seed Extracts. Aframomum melegueta is a spice with a similar composition as Ginger, that belongs to the same Zingiberaceae family, used in Nigeria, West Africa and it is used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections, cancer and diabetes. Antioxidants neutralize the effect of free radicals through different ways and may prevent the body from various diseases. The plant extract were collected from a rain forest in Akugba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. The plant sample was dried, pulverized, filtered with Whatman No 1 filtered paper and the filtrates was concentrated in-vacuum using vacuum rotary evaporator at 40°C and was later concentrated to dryness in a hot-air oven at 40°C. Assessment of antioxidant potentials were performed using Singleton method Total flavonoids (mg/g), Phenol (mg/g), Ferric reducing (FRAP) potentials (mg/g), Free radical scavenging ability (DPPH) (1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) potentials (%),2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging potentials (mMol/g), Fe2+ chelation potentials (%) and OH Radical Scavenging potentials (%) were evaluated. Antioxidant enzymes of plant were assessed using Bentller method, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (%), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) (%), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidise (GPX) were evaluated. Seed extract among other extracts of Aframomum melegueta has the highest quantity of flavonoids, Phenol, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, Fe2+ chelation and OH radical scavenging potential. The leaf extract of A. meleguata has the highest percentage of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) while stem bark of Aframomum melegueta has the highest percentage of Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione Peroxidise (GPX).it can be deduced from this research work that all parts of the A. melegueta has pharmacological and therapeutic activities judging from literature that A. melegueta can be used to prevent oxidative damage by ROS (Reactive oxygen species) reacting with free radical chelating and catalytic metals  which can be used to reduce and prevent various diseases like heart disease, cancer, DNA degeneration, pulmonary and neurological disorder. SOD, GPX, GSH help to control cytokins induced peroxidise level and mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells. It can be deduced that Aframomum melegueta should be the focal point in human diet, natural herbal drug supplement and even in addition to conventional drug to improve the potency and quality of natural drug system. The use of Aframomum melegueta should be encouraged. These results show the potential of Aframomum melegueta as a source of bioactive compounds to be used for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.

Aged and Unaged Garlic Exerts Differential Effects on Cellular Aging via Modulation of Tissue Degradative and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity – A Cell-Free in Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Collagenase Inhibition ◽  
Aged Garlic

The effects of aged and unaged garlic on cell aging processes via enzymatic and oxidative pathways were examined in this cell-free in vitro study. Aged and unaged garlic, quercetin, and S-allyl cysteine inhibited collagenase and elastase dose-dependently. Quercetin and unaged garlic showed stronger collagenase inhibition and weaker elastase inhibition than S-allyl cysteine and aged garlic. Quercetin and aged garlic scavenged radicals more effectively than unaged garlic and S-allyl cysteine. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly augmented by quercetin and unaged garlic when compared to aged garlic and S-allyl cysteine. Aged garlic contained higher amounts of S-allyl cysteine, total flavonoid and polyphenols, and lower quercetin content when compared to unaged garlic. Aged and unaged garlic exerted different effects on cellular aging by modulating collagenase, elastase, and superoxide dismutase activities. The different effects can potentially be attributed to different organosulfur and phenolic compositions.

Activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in healthy women depends on age, BMI, physical activity and diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć ◽  
Klaudia Krauze ◽  
Angelika Szczęśniak ◽  
Aleksandra Goryniak Mikołajczyk ◽  
Natalia Serwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Healthy Women

Abstract Introduction Antioxidant enzymes protect the human body against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changes with age, and depends on dietary nutrients such as fats and vitamins, which can have a significant impact on minimizing or exacerbating oxidative stress. Aim Examine the effect of age, BMI, diet, physical activity and smoking status on the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione concentrations in healthy women. Material and methods This study included 98 healthy women aged between 20 and 65 years. All women underwent anthropometric tests: body weight, height, hip and waist circumference. Antioxidant activity in erythrocytes was measured by spectrophotometric methods. Results Catalase activity increased significantly with age (p<0.001), while superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione decreased with age (p =0.008, p =0.023, respectively). Women with a lower BMI (emaciation) had higher superoxide dismutase activity than those in the first degree of obesity (p = 0.009 Conclusions 1. Increased catalase activity with age may be a sign of a large amount of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from poorly functioning antioxidant systems in older age. 2. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity with age may indicate inactivation of this enzyme by excessive hydrogen peroxide, as well as glycation of superoxide dismutase molecules or reactions with lipid peroxidation products, the intensity of which increases with age. 3. The negative correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and BMI index indicates reduced enzymatic activity in obese subjects, despite increased ROS production by adipose tissue.

Tempeh extract reduces cellular ROS levels and upregulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
R. Surya ◽  
A. Romulo ◽  
Y. Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase 3 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase 2

Tempeh is an Indonesian traditional food produced from soybeans through a mould fermentation involving Rhizopus oligosporus. It is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including isoflavones that are known to exhibit antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the ability of tempeh ethanol extract to reduce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HepG2 cells in vitro. Tempeh extract exhibited greater total phenolics, total flavonoids and free radical inhibition capacity than soybean extract. Both tempeh extract and soybean extract reduced the basal levels of cellular ROS in the cells, but tempeh extract induced higher expression of antioxidant enzymes [catalase, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3)] compared to soybean extract. This study provides novel evidence suggesting the ability of tempeh to tackle cellular oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. These findings would give an insight into the potential of tempeh to be developed as a functional food beneficial for human health.

In vitro effect of organophosphate pesticides, Malathion and chlorpyriphos, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S103-S104
Author(s):  
Guillermina Font ◽  
Ana Juan-García ◽  
Monica Fernández ◽  
María Jose Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Vitro Effect

scholarly journals Cold-induced Antioxidant Enzymes Changes in Leucanthemum maximum`Silver Princess'

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-548
Author(s):  
Suping Zhou ◽  
Roger J. Sauvé ◽  
Margaret T. Mmbaga ◽  
Chaim Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Species Change ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Peroxidase Isoforms

Leucanthemum maximum `Silver Princess' plants, that were gradually acclimated for 7 days at 10 °C followed by 28 days at 7 °C, were subjected to the following cold treatments: 30 days at 4 °C; 4 or 5 days at 0 °C and for 3 hours at –1 °C to identify cold inducible proteins that may be responsible for cold tolerance in this cold tolerant species. Change in antioxidant enzymes activity in fully expanded leaves was assessed after each treatment. Catalase activity began to increase after 30 days at 4 °C and reached its peak after a 5-day exposure to 0 °C. The activity of cellular glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase significantly increased after a 4-day exposure to 0 °C. Changes in activity of four active superoxide dismutase isoforms, one basic guaiacol peroxidase and two o-dianisine peroxidase isoforms were also detected following the full series of cold treatments (30 days at 4 °C; 4 or 5 days at 0 °C and for 3 hours at –1 °C).

scholarly journals Activity of antioxidant enzymes and processes of free radical oxidation in experimental hypothyroidism and correction of thyroid shifts with iodized polysaccharide complexes

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
F Kh Kamilov ◽  
A N Mamtsev ◽  
V N Kozlov ◽  
G M Abdullina ◽  
O V Lobyreva
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Standard Diet

Aim. To determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver tissue on the background of thiamazole hypothyroidism, and also after its correction with iodine-containing organo-mineral complexes. Methods. Studies were conducted on rats, which were divided into four groups: the first group - the control, in animals of the second, third and fourth groups hypothyroidism was induced by daily intragastric administration of thiamazole at a dose 2.5 mg per 100 g body weight for the duration of 3 weeks. Beginning from the 22-day of the experiment the animals of the fourth group for the duration of a month received a biologically active additive in a dose that provides the daily requirement of iodine in rats, while the animals of the third group were on the standard diet of the vivarium. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was determined using a set of reagents «RANSOD Randox» manufactured by «Laboratories Ltd.», the catalase activity was determined by the method of M.A. Korolyuk. Results. Experimental hypothyroidism in rats was characterized by a decrease in the concentrations of free thyroxine, an increase in the content of total triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone. In animals treated with tiamazol, the superoxide dismutase activity was 85.6% of the activity level of the control animals, glutathione activity - 77.3% of the level of intact animals. The catalase activity in hypothyroidism decreased significantly - down to 40% of the control level (p ≤0.001). In the liver homogenate of rats, treated for 1 month with «iodine biopolymer» after hypothyroidism induction, the superoxide dismutase activity almost reached the control values and accounted for 95.5% of the activity of intact animals. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, was even slightly higher than the control values, reaching 115.6 and 112.7% of levels of activity in the control group, respectively (p ≤0,05). At the same time in the animals, which were on a standard diet, the activity of the studied enzymes remained below the control values, with the catalase activity - significantly lower (49.9% of the control, p ≤0,001). Conclusion. The introduction of an iodine-containing biologically active compound on the background of hypothyroidism made it possible to restore the activity of thyroid-dependant antioxidant enzymes, to normalize the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system and to inhibit the processes of lipid peroxidation in the liver the of animals.

Aged and Unaged Garlic Exerts Differential Effects on Cellular Aging via Modulation of Tissue Degradative and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity – A Cell-Free in Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Collagenase Inhibition ◽  
Aged Garlic

The effects of aged and unaged garlic on cell aging processes via enzymatic and oxidative pathways were examined in this cell-free in vitro study. Aged and unaged garlic, quercetin, and S-allyl cysteine inhibited collagenase and elastase dose-dependently. Quercetin and unaged garlic showed stronger collagenase inhibition and weaker elastase inhibition than S-allyl cysteine and aged garlic. Quercetin and aged garlic scavenged radicals more effectively than unaged garlic and S-allyl cysteine. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly augmented by quercetin and unaged garlic when compared to aged garlic and S-allyl cysteine. Aged garlic contained higher amounts of S-allyl cysteine, total flavonoid and polyphenols, and lower quercetin content when compared to unaged garlic. Aged and unaged garlic exerted different effects on cellular aging by modulating collagenase, elastase, and superoxide dismutase activities. The different effects can potentially be attributed to different organosulfur and phenolic compositions.

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