Activities of brain antioxidant enzymes, lipid and protein peroxidation

AbstractOrganophosphate pesticides are known to induce oxidative stress and cause oxidative tissue damage, as has been reported in studies concerning acute and chronic intoxication with these compounds.Our objective was to investigate the activities of brain antioxidant enzymes and malonyldialdehyde, as well as the level of carbonyl groups, in rats sub-chronically intoxicated with chlorpyrifos at doses of 0.2, 2 and 5 mg per kg of body weight per day. It was found that chlorpyrifos induces change in brain antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidise, but to a different degree in comparison to proper control values; however, the elevated antioxidant enzymes activities failed to check lipid and protein peroxidation in the brains of rats. Thus, in sub-chronic intoxication with chlorpyrifos, as evidenced by increased level of malonyldialdehyde and carbonyl groups, oxidative stress is induced.Measurements of protein carbonyl groups appeared to give more consistent responses in the rats’ brains when compared to the malonyldialdehyde level after sub-chronic chlorpyrifos treatment.

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Oxidative stress in the testis of hyperglycemic rabbits treated with repaglinide

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-007-0034-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 538-546

Author(s):

Anna Gumieniczek ◽

Hanna Hopkała ◽

Marcin Pruchniak

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Diabetic Rabbits

AbstractIn the present study, the induction of oxidative stress was examined in the testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. In addition, the protective effect of repaglinide, an oral anti-diabetic, at a dose of 1 mg daily was studied after four and eight weeks of the treatment. For these purposes, the levels of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), lipid peroxidation products (LPO) and protein carbonyl groups (PCG) were quantified. Hyperglycemia resulted in significant increases in the antioxidative enzymes, Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSSG-R after four and eight weeks, respectively. There was also an increase in GSH level, and a decrease in the level of AA. These effects were accompanied by an elevation in testicular LPO levels and PCG levels. Repaglinide was found to normalize the activity of GSSG-R and levels of GSH and AA, and blunted the increased lipid peroxidation, however no decrease in PCG levels were observed. In conclusion, some oxidative changes provoked in the testis of rabbits by hyperglycemia, were found to be reduced with repaglinide treatment at therapeutic dose.

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Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-20191153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 227-237

Author(s):

Eda Güneş

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbonyl Content ◽

Protein Carbonyl Content ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Dried Extract

Abstract The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.

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Protein carbonyl group content in patients affected by familiar chronic nail candidiasis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1080/09629350310001599693 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 247-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Gangemi ◽

A. Saija ◽

A. Tomaino ◽

F. Cimino ◽

R. A. Merendino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Halide System ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates ◽

Hands And Feet

Familiar chronic nail candidiasis (FCNC) is a rare disorder characterized by early-onset infections caused by different species of Candida, restricted to the nail of the hands and feet, and associated with a low serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Host defense mechanisms against candidiasis require the cooperation of many immune cells through several candidacidal mechanisms, including oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms, mediated by a superoxide anion radical myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system, and reactive nitrogen intermediates. We analyzed protein carbonyl groups (considered a useful marker of oxidative stress) in the serum of patients belonging to a five-generation Italian family with an isolated form of FCNC.Serum protein carbonyl groups in FCNC patients were significantly lower than those measured in healthy donors.Also, if this hypothesis is merely speculative, we could suggest that the decreased circulating level of protein carbonyl groups in these patients is not a marker of a lower oxidative stress condition, but might be linked to a lower protease activity.

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PSXI-14 Supplementation with a blend containing Baccharis dracunculifolia and Tamarindus indica improve the oxidative state of steers in finishing phase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.798 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 400-401

Author(s):

Vicente A Diaz Avila ◽

Edineia Bonin ◽

Venício M Carvalho ◽

Lucas Stafuza Moreira ◽

Jurandir Fernando Comar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Oxidative State

Abstract Tissue oxidative stress has been associated with low productivity of beef cattle. Supplementation of animals with natural antioxidants added to the diet may be an alternative to improve the tissue oxidative status and the productivity of steers at finishing phase. The present study evaluated whether the addition to the diet of a blend (Mix) containing Baccharis dracunculifolia (40%), Tamarindus indica seed (40%), cashew nutshell oil (10%) and clove oil (10%) modifies the oxidative state in the plasma and liver of steers (Angus x Zebu) in finishing phase. Forty animals were randomly distributed into four groups (ten animal per group), which received Mix respectively at the daily dose of 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g per animal during 84 days. Blood and liver were taken at slaughter of the animals. Blood samples were also taken before starting the supplementation and served as control. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), thiol groups and protein carbonyl groups were measured as plasma parameters of oxidative stress. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured as hepatic parameter of oxidative stress. Plasma levels of protein carbonyl groups were 30% lower in the animals supplemented with 4.0 and 6.0 g Mix and FRAP was 20% higher in the animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P < 0.05; compared to the 0.0 g). Hepatic levels of TBARS were 38% lower in animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P < 0.05). The other parameters were not modified. In conclusion, the supplementation of steers with Mix improved the systemic oxidative status and may be a complementary alternative to the diet of these animals in the termination phase.

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Oxidation state of tissue thiol groups and content of protein carbonyl groups in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2600359 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 260 (2) ◽

pp. 359-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

M E Murphy ◽

J P Kehrer

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Protein Pool

Indirect evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of inherited muscular dystrophy, but the significance and precise extent of this contribution is poorly understood. Compared with normal muscle, significantly higher contents of glutathione, glutathione disulphide, protein-glutathione mixed disulphides and protein carbonyl groups, and significantly lower contents of free protein thiol groups, were found in pectoralis major muscle of genetically dystrophic chickens (the muscle affected by this disease) at 4 weeks of age. Other tissues did not show such marked disease-related differences. Interestingly, the protein pool in normal, but not dystrophic, pectoralis major muscle was relatively less oxidized in relation to the glutathione pool as compared with other tissues studied. The mechanisms by which this unique relationship between the thiol pools is maintained remain unknown. Although the physiological consequences of the increased content of protein carbonyl groups and the altered thiol pools in dystrophic muscle are not clear, the changes evident at such a young age are consistent with the occurrence of oxidative stress and may reflect significant damage to cellular proteins in this disease.

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Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Liver of Growing Male Rats Receiving Various Alcoholic Beverages

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kołota ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Michał Oczkowski ◽

Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Animal Model ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Liver Inflammation ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Typical alcohol consumption begins in the adolescence period, increasing the risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in adolescents and young adults, and while the pathophysiology of ALD is still not completely understood, it is believed that oxidative stress may be the major contributor that initiates and promotes the progression of liver damage. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of alcohol consumption on the markers of oxidative stress and liver inflammation in the animal model of prolonged alcohol consumption in adolescents using various alcoholic beverages. In a homogenic group of 24 male Wistar rats (4 groups—6 animals per group), since 30th day of life, in order to mimic the alcohol consumption since adolescence, animals received (1) no alcoholic beverage (control group), (2) ethanol solution, (3) red wine, or (4) beer (experimental groups) for 6 weeks. Afterwards, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as levels of cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukine-10 (IL-10) were measured in liver homogenates. The difference between studied groups was observed for CYP2E1 and protein carbonyl groups levels (increased levels for animals receiving beer compared with control group), as well as for ALT activity (decreased activity for animals receiving beer compared with other experimental groups) (p < 0.05). The results suggested that some components of beer, other than ethanol, are responsible for its influence on the markers of oxidative stress and liver inflammation observed in the animal model of prolonged alcohol consumption in adolescents. Taking this into account, beer consumption in adolescents, which is a serious public health issue, should be assessed in further studies to broaden the knowledge of the progression of liver damage caused by alcohol consumption in this group.

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Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00003-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 329 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1343

Author(s):

Isabella Dalle-Donne ◽

Ranieri Rossi ◽

Daniela Giustarini ◽

Aldo Milzani ◽

Roberto Colombo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

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Aronia melanocarpaTreatment and Antioxidant Status in Selected Tissues in Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/457085 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Renata Francik ◽

Mirosław Krośniak ◽

Ilona Sanocka ◽

Henryk Bartoń ◽

Tomasz Hebda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

High Fat ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Tissue Homogenates ◽

The Impact

Aroniajuice is considered to be a source of compounds with high antioxidative potential. We conducted a study on the impact of compounds in theAroniajuice on oxidative stress in plasma and brain tissues. The influence ofAroniajuice on oxidative stress parameters was tested with the use of a model with a high content of fructose and nonsaturated fats. Therefore, the activity of enzymatic (catalase, CAT, and paraoxonase, PON) and nonenzymatic (thiol groups, SH, and protein carbonyl groups, PCG) oxidative stress markers, which indicate changes in the carbohydrate and protein profiles, was marked in brain tissue homogenates. AddingAroniacaused statistically significant increase in the CAT activity in plasma in all tested diets, while the PON activity showed a statistically significant increase only in case of high fat diet. In animals fed withAroniajuice supplemented with carbohydrates or fat, statistically significant increase in the PON activity and the decrease in the CAT activity in brain tissue were observed. In case of the high fat diet, an increase in the number of SH groups and a decrease in the number of PCG groups in brain tissue were observed.

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Assessment of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Evolution in Different Stages of an Experimental Endometriosis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.6.5678 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1381-1383

Author(s):

Allia Sindilar ◽

Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir ◽

Eusebiu Viorel Sindilar ◽

Alin Constantin Pinzariu ◽

Eduard Crauciuc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Female Rats ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Endometrial Cells ◽

Gynecological Disorder ◽

The Impact

Endometriosis is described as a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; extensively explored because of its increasing incidency, with an indubitable diagnostic only after invasive surgery, with no efficient treatment, it has still many aspects to be elucidated. A growing body of facts sustain oxidative stress as a crucial factor between the numerous incriminated factors implicated in endometriosis ethiopathogeny. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) act to decline reproductive function. Our study intends to determine if an experimental model of endometriosis may be useful to assess the impact of oxidative stress on endometrial cells; we have used a murine model of 18 adult Wistar female rats. A fragment from their left uterine horn was implanted in the abdominal wall. After 4 weeks, a laparatomy was performed, 5 endometrial implants were removed, followed by biochemical tissue assay of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, the implants were removed for histopathological exam and biochemical assay of antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, pointing on significant oxidative stress involvement.

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Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes in testis of rams submitted to long-term heat stress

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199419000467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 432-435

Author(s):

Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ◽

Gabriela Esteves Duarte ◽

José Antonio Visintin ◽

Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila Assumpção

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Cell Types ◽

Treated Group ◽

Oxidative Balance ◽

Testicular Cells

SummaryLong-term heat stress (HS) induced by testicular insulation generates oxidative stress (OS) on the testicular environment; consequently activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this work was to immunolocalize antioxidant enzymes present in different cells within the seminiferous tubule when rams were submitted to HS. Rams were divided into control (n = 6) and treated group (n = 6), comprising rams subjected to testicular insulation for 240 h. After the testicular insulation period, rams were subjected to orchiectomy. Testicular fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry for staining against SOD, GR and GPx enzymes. We observed immunolocalization of GPx in more cell types of the testis after HS and when compared with other enzymes. In conclusion, GPx is the main antioxidant enzyme identified in testicular cells in an attempt to maintain oxidative balance when HS occurs.

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