scholarly journals Radiation dose risk variability and its implication in industrial and mining regions, NW Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ologe Oluwatoyin ◽  
◽  
Joseph Aisabokhae ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Radiological Indices

The study area located in the southern part of Kebbi State, northwestern Nigeria, has witnessed intense mining activities and upscale industrialization in recent years. These events have necessitated deeper and insightful studies into radiological hazard evaluation to mitigate associated adverse consequences and enforce protective measures in the environment. A total of 45 sampled locations each were taken for both industrial and mining sites in northwestern Nigeria to determine the concentration of Potassium-40, Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 radionuclides as applied to radiological hazard analysis. The mean value of the absorbed dose in the industrial site was 90 nGy/h, whereas the mining site recorded a mean value of 210 nGy/h. Other radiological indices such as radium equivalent factor, external risk assessment, internal index and representative gamma index recorded mean values of 187.68, 0.507, 0.547 and 0.768 respectively, whereas the same hazard indices presented higher values of 412.58, 1.114, 1.231 and 1.675 respectively in the mining site. The variability studies showed that the dose risk ratio of the industrial region to the mining region is 1:2. The mining site presented radiological hazard indices higher than the recommended global threshold hence should be classified as a restricted zone to forestall health-related crises which may manifest among local dwellers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Solid Mineral to Soil Radioactivity Contamination Index in Selected Mining Sites and their Radiological Risk Indices to the Public

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Oghenenyerhovwo Agbalagba ◽  
Mohammed S. Chaanda ◽  
Stephen Uloho U. Egarievwe
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Gamma Index

Abstract This study examined the radioactivity levels of soil samples within selected solid mining sites in Nigeria using high purity germanium (HpGe) detector. Sixty soil samples in all were collected from the ten solid mineral mining sites investigated and six samples were collected as control samples from non-mining environment for analyses. The results of the activity concentration values obtained for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th are 100.22 Bq kg-1, 33.15 Bq kg-1 and 77.31 Bq kg-1 respectively. The 226Ra and 40K activities were found to be within the United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) acceptable permissible limit, but the 232Th mean value was above the permissible limit of 30 Bq kg-1 for the public. In comparison, 40K, 226Ra and 232Th soil samples mean activity concentrations were higher than the control soil samples values by 48.6%, 43.7% and 62.3% respectively. The results of estimated radiation hazard indices indicate average values of 150.72 Bq kg-1, 68.40T, 83.65µSvy-1 and 454.70µSvy-1 for the Radium Equivalent (h), iDose Equivalent (AEDE) and Annual Gonadal Equivalent Dose (AGED) respectively. The mean values for External Hazard Indices (Hex, Hin), Representative Gamma index (s) and Excess Life Cancer Risk (ELCR) were 0.41, 0.50, 1.06 and 0.29 x10-3 respectively. The statistical analysis shows positive skewness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Radiation Hazard Indices in Mining Sites of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
U. Rilwan ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
G. C. Onuchukwu ◽  
H. A. Abdullahi ◽  
M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiation Hazard Indices

This work evaluates the radiation hazard indices from some selected mining sites in Nasarawa West, using Sodium Iodide Thallium Gamma Spectrometry. Raeq ranged from 100.39-197.40 Bq/Kg with a mean 161.44 Bq/Kg, which is lower than the average of 370 Bq/Kg. The GADR ranged from 44.85 nGy/hr-90.71 nGy/hr with the mean 73.68 nGy/hr. which is also below the average of 89 nGy/hr for soil. The AGED ranged from 315.77 mSv/yr-640.91 mSv/yr with the mean 519.19. Which is above the threshold value of 300 mSv/yr. ACI ranged from 0.73-1.45 with the mean value 1.18 which is above the standard of unity. The AEDE (outdoor) ranges from 0.055 mSv/yr-0.111 mSv/yr with the mean 0.090 mSv/yr which is above the 0.07 mSv/yr standard permissible limit. The AEDE (indoor) ranged from 0.220 mSv/yr-0.445 mSv/yr, with the mean value 0.361mSv/yr. This is below the 0.45 mSv/yr threshold. The ELCR ranged from 00.770-1.558 with the mean value 1.265 and from 0.193-0.389 with the mean value 0.317 for outdoor and indoor respectively, which exceed the 0.29 X 10-3 threshold limit. The External  and  Internal  Hazard  indices ranges from 0.271-0.533 and 0.289-0.675 as well as mean values 0.435 and 0.512 respectively, which are  below the threshold. Therefore, there may be serious radiological effects to the populace.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazard Parameters of Various Imported Tiles Used for Decoration in Sudan

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifeldin Siddeeg ◽  
Mohamed Suliman ◽  
Faouzi Ben Rebah ◽  
Wissem Mnif ◽  
Amel Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Hazard Parameters

Various commercially imported ceramic materials used in the building of Sudanese dwellings were examined in order to determine their natural radioactivity and radiological hazard parameters. In this context, twenty-five different consignments were sampled and analyzed using (3″ × 3″) sodium iodide gamma spectrometry system NaI(Tl). The identified average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 183 ± 70, 51 ± 44, and 238 ± 77 Bq/kg dry-weights, respectively. A positive correlation between 238U and 232Th in the investigated samples was identified from the observed significant correlation (R2 = 0.8). Interestingly, a low Th/U ratio (~0.3) was recorded, which could be related to the systematic loss of thorium during the fabrication process. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were comparable with the reported data obtained from similar materials used in other countries showing similarity in ceramic materials used in buildings. Five different radiation indices, such as the average radium equivalent (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), the external hazard index (Hex), and the radioactivity level index (lγ), which indicate hazardous radiation, were estimated from these measurements. The obtained results revealed average values of 274 ± 106 Bq/kg, 125 ± 48 nGy/h, 1.23 ± 0.48 mSv/y, 0.74 ± 0.29, and 0.94 ± 0.37, for Raeq, D, AEDE, Hex, and lγ, respectively. The mean values of Raeq and Hex were in good agreement with the international limits, while the means of D and lγ were higher than the universal values. Calculated AEDE in about 60% of the samples exceeded the universal limit of 1 mSv/y for the public exposure (maximum value of 2.16 mSv/y). The investigated parameters were in the same range for the majority of imported samples; however, they were slightly higher than the locally produced ceramic, highlighting the importance of monitoring imported materials for their radioactivity contents.

Measurement of radium, thorium, potassium and associated hazard indices from the soil samples collected from Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Mann ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
R. P. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Northern India

The presence of radium, thorium and potassium in soil and building materials impose radiological hazards to human population. Both alpha and gamma radiation are produced from the decay chain of uranium and thorium while potassium is itself a source of gamma radiation. The measurement of these radionuclides in soil is important to prevent the general public from health hazards. The measurement of radium, thorium and potassium from soil samples collected from some locations of Northern India was carried out to assess the various radiological hazard indices using sodium iodide-based gamma ray spectroscopy. The observed specific activities of radium, thorium and potassium varied from 13 to 175, 141 to 399 and 276 to 1581 Bq/kg with an average of 78, 231 and 525 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean values from soil samples under study are more than the corresponding worldwide average values (35, 30 and 400 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) but less than the recommended limits. The measured radium, thorium and potassium activity from the soil samples were used to find out the various hazards index and absorbed dose. The results show the soil of the study area does not pose any health hazards to people residing in this area.

scholarly journals Environmental Radioactivity evaluation and its health-related effects using gamma spectrometry in Delanta-Dawunt, Wollo District, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekuanint Lemlem Legasu ◽  
Ashok K Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background & Methodology : The specific activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and their health related effects were determined in different environmental samples(gemstones) collected from Delanta-Dawunt. Which is one of the mining place in Ethiopia to extract mainly opals (gemstones). Sample collection and the gamma spectroscopic analysis followed the recommended international procedures for such type of research. Gamma-ray spectrometry was applied using HPGe gamma-ray detector and PC-based MCA. The Purpose of this research: to determine the activity concentrations of the radionuclides U/Th series and K of gemstones(opals), to determine life time cancer risk of radionuclide in the environment , to assess the hazard and risk to the public associated with these dose values , to conduct the geochemical studies by quantifying the levels of trace gemstones as well as the physical parameters in soil samples within and around it, and To determine the radiation doses from these activity concentrations and compare with international recommended dose limits. Results: The results of the activity concentration on our research work showed significant variations from 11.97 ± 2.46 to 62.44 ± 14.99 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 25.69 ± 3.69 to 137.84 ± 13.23 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and 184.84 ± 3.59 to 969.56 ±18.16 Bq kg-1 for 40K. The mean radioactivity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was found to be around 29.84 ± 6.53, 68.44 ± 18.94, 390.87 ± 6.09 Bk kg-1 respectively. Conculsion: The mean values of Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose, annual effective dose equivalent, external and internal radiation hazard (Hex and Hin) index ,and activity utilization index is 151.68±19.46 Bq kg-1, 72.19 ± 8.48 nGy h-1, 0.07 ± 0.01mSv y-1,0.43, 0.51, 0.57 ± 0.08 and 0.29 ± 0.03 respectively. The specific activity of 232Th is higher than the world mean value and 40K is the same as the world mean value. The radiation hazard indices, ELCR values found in this study are lower than the world mean values. However, the absorbed dose is higher than the world means value. This is due to the reason of high thorium concentration existence and opal mining is highly explored on such study areas.

scholarly journals Suitability of rocks and sediments from Brzeszcze and Silesia coal mines as building materials in terms of radiological hazard

Nukleonika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Monika Śleziak ◽  
Marek Duliński
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract The isotope activity concentration of rocks and bottom sediments was evaluated based on the samples collected from sedimentation ponds and gangue repositories. Radium 226Ra, thorium 228Th and potassium 40K activities were measured by gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium detector – HPGe 4020. The radiation effect resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides was estimated by radiological hazard indices such as f1 and f2 coefficients, radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices and absorbed dose rate. Performed measurements and calculations have shown that the bottom sediments are most contaminated. They may pose a serious radiological hazard for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Measurement of Natural and Artificial Radioactive Elements in Soil  at the Southern Al-Dora Region, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq: حساب تركيز النظائر المشعة الطبيعية والصناعية لنماذج تربة جنوب منطقة الدورة  في محافظة بغداد، العراق

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim Khalaf Rejah, Afrah Hassoon Oraibi, Abdalrahman Al-Sal
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

The specific activity of natural and artificial radioactive elements in nine soil samples at different locations of southern Al-Dora region, Baghdad governorate, Iraq were measured and analysed by using a gamma ray detector NaI (Tl). The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs are found to be 38.22 Bq/Kg, 42.99 Bq/Kg, 16.64 Bq/Kg and 2.92 Bq/Kg, respectively. Several radiological hazard indices including radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), internal (Hin) and external (Hex) hazard indices, internal (AEDEin) and external (AEDEex) annual effective dose equivalent and gamma ray index (Iγr) are calculated. The findings of all radiological hazard indices are lower than their international values. This study discloses that most locations in study area are safe from any radiological risks.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

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