scholarly journals Assessment of Proximate and Physico-Chemical Potentials of Crude Kernel Oil Extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl

2021 ◽  
pp. 3941-3950
Author(s):  
Chomini M. Stephen ◽  
Francis M. Junior ◽  
Ishaya Musa ◽  
Chomini A. Emilia ◽  
Peter M. Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Physico Chemical

The finite, depleting and unsustainable nature of fossil fuels remained a global concern. This had continued to stir up an urgent need to consider cheaper renewable and sustainable alternative. Consequently, the assay of proximate and physico-chemical potentials of crude kernel oil extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. was conducted. This was intended to evaluate the nutritional and some of the inherent biodiesel properties. The procedure according to Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were deployed to analyze the proximate, physico-chemical and fatty acids contents of the crude kernel oil extracted of the test plant. It was found that the oil sample of the test plant had 9.25±0.05% (moisture content), 6.10±0.09% (crude fiber), 23.62±0.02% (crude protein), 44.35 ±0.04% (crude lipid), 10.35±0.04% (ash) and 6.33±0.03% (carbohydrate). The physico – chemical assay of the oil revealed promising biodiesel properties with relative density (0.966±0.01g/cm3), refractive index (1.465±0.05 at 30°C), calorific value (38.93±0.13MJ/kg), viscosity value (150.1±0.70 mm2/s), saponification value (220.30±0.98 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (4.26 ± 0.08meq/Kg), acid value (2.49±0.04 mgKOH/g), iodine value (64.70±0.10 g/100g) and cetane number (56.52±0.68). Furthermore, 14-methyl Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2), 13,16-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C19H34O2) and Heptacosanoic acid, methyl ester (C28H56O2) were the assayed fatty acids content of crude kernel oil extract of C. schweinfurthii. These had relative percentage abundance (RPA) of 25.80±0.04%, 67.60±0.30% and 6.60±0.03%. The findings clearly elucidated the biodiesel potential of the kernel oil sample of C. schweinfurthii and consequently recommended its incorporation. In this regard, it became imperative for concerted afforestation efforts that would guarantee its sustainable utilization.

An insight into the estimation of fatty acid methyl ester based biodiesel properties using a LSSVM model

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Razavi ◽  
Amin Bemani ◽  
Alireza Baghban ◽  
Amir H. Mohammadi ◽  
Sajjad Habibzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Isoprenoids and Fatty Acids Derivatives from the Chloroform Fraction of the Antimycobacterial Methanol Extract Ximeniaamericana Lam. (Olacaceae) Stem Bark

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Ozadheoghene Eriarie Afieroho ◽  
L. Lawson ◽  
Nnamdi Emenyonu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Acid Methyl

This study investigated the triterpenoids and fatty acid derivatives, and the in vitro growth inhibitory effect against clinical strains of Mycobacteria tuberculosis of the stem bark of Ximenia Americanaa plant widely used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of bacterial and skin infections, poison, post-partum hemorrhage, anaemia, and dysentery. The macerated methanol extract (XAM) of the stem bark was evaluated for anti-tuberculosis activity using the Lowensten Jensen method against de-contaminated clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The XAM was fractionated by open column chromatography on a normal phase silica gel column with a 25 % stepwise gradient of chloroform-methanol as mobile phase. The constituents of the non-polar column fractions eluted with 100% chloroform were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) techniques and by comparison with reference NIST library compound. The XAM (5 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GC-MS analysis of the non-polar column fractions afforded Two lupane-type triterpenoids: Lup-20-(29)-en-3-one (15) and lupeol (16), three phytosteroids: campesterol (11), stigmasterol (12) and gamma-sitosterol (14), one fridelane-type triterpenoid: Friedelan-3-one (8), one oleanane-type triterpenoid: 12-oleanen-3-one (13), and the fatty acids: Palmitic acid methyl ester (1), Palmitic acid (2), 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (3), Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (4), Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (5), 10,13-octadecadiynoic acid methyl ester (6), Docosanoic acid (7), Tetracosanoic acid (9), and Hexacosanoic acid methyl ester (10). The presence of these bioactive triterpenoids and fatty acids could offer an explanation for the ethno-medicinal uses of this plant. Further work is on-going to isolate in pure form, and characterized the bioactive constituents in the XAM with the view of discovery lead compounds for the treatment of tuberculosis and associated opportunistic bacterial infections.  

scholarly journals Development and diapause induction of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at different photoperiods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Sayla Aktar Chowdhory ◽  
A. S. M. Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Indian Meal Moth ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Indian Meal

Abstract Diapause concerns the fascinating phenomenon in the biology of insect development which allows better understanding the local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to seasonal variations in environment. There is lot of reasons to carry out the research on diapause both for fundamental and applied sciences. Photoperiod is one of the main environmental cues followed by insects to predict the forthcoming seasonal changes and to adapt these changes in their life-history traits. Thus, the effect of different photoperiod regimes on development and diapause induction of larvae of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) was evaluated at a constant temperature of 17 °C. Development was significantly faster at a photoperiod of 12:12 light:darkness (L:D) than at 8:16, 10:14, 14:10 and 16:8 L:D. A photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) induced most larvae (≥ 71%) to enter diapause, while this percentage was slightly lower (60%) at both shorter(8 h) and longer (16 h) day lengths (50%). The different photoperiod regimes did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. Fat and protein composition of the diapausing larvae differed significantly among treatments as well as between diapausing and non-diapausing larvae. Larvae developing from 8:16 (L:D) contained the maximum amount of protein (36.8%) compared to other regimes, while the minimum amount (21.0%) was noted in larvae that developed at 16:8 (L:D). Six types of fatty acids were detected in the larvae: myristic acid (methyl tetradecenoate), palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester), palmitic acid (hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester), linoleic acid (9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), methyl ester), oleic acid [9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (E)] and stearic acid (octadecanoic acid, methyl ester). The results also reveal that the percent of fatty acids detected in the diapausing larvae varies significantly and the same trends imply in the interaction of fatty acid and photoperiod regimes. Moreover, three quarters of the total variance was accounted for by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the fatty acids. Different proportions of fatty acids were noted among treatments, suggesting that photoperiod influences a number of key biological traits in P. interpunctella, much more than the percentage of the diapausing larvae per se.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS PRODUCED BY Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fathoni ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Praptiwi Praptiwi ◽  
Andi Saptaji Kamal ◽  
Lukman Hafid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

Asam lemak mempunyai nilai guna komersial sebagai suplemen makanan, produk farmasi dan sumber energi terbarukan. Sumber asam lemak sebagian berasal dari hewan, tumbuhan, dan jamur endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan komposisi asam lemak dari jamur endofit  Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5. Asam lemak didapatkan dari fraksi n-heksana yang dihasilkan dari partisi ekstrak etil asetat Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5 dengan n-heksana: metanol (1:1). Turunan FAME (Fatty acid methyl ester) dari asam lemak didentifikasi dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Kandungan asam lemak dari fraksi n-heksana Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5 adalah 26,39% (b/b) ekstrak kering. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS. Komposisi dan kuantifikasi asam lemak Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5 adalah asam linoleat (41,177%; 112,24 mg/L); asam palmitat (25,114%; 68,45 mg/L); asam oleat (14.198%; 38,70 mg/L);  asam stearat (6,575%; 17,2 mg/mL); dan asam palmitoleat 2,165%; 5,90 mg/mL). Persentase asam lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh berturut-turut adalah 31,69 and 57,54%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan jamur endofit Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5 berpotensi sebagai sumber asam lemak tidak jenuh. Penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama dari asam lemak yang diproduksi oleh Xylaria sp. DAP KRI-5. 

scholarly journals Preparation of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester by ozonolysis of vegetable oils and its polycondensation

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cvetkovic ◽  
Jelena Milic ◽  
Mihail Ionescu ◽  
Zoran Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Main Component

Vegetable oil-based and potentially biodegradable polyesters were prepared from 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester. This paper describes ozonolysis of vegetable oils and the method for preparation of useful monomers and in particular 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester. Ozonolysis of soybean oil and castor oil in methanol and methylene chloride solution, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride was used to obtain a mixture of triols, diols and monols. Triglyceride triols were separated from the rest of the mixture and transesterified with methanol to obtain methyl esters of fatty acids and glycerin. The main component of fatty acids was 9-hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester, which was characterized and used for polycondensation by transesterification. High molecular weight polyhydroxy alcanoate was a solid having a melting point of 75?C. The molecular weight of the resulting polyester was affected by the purity of the monomer and side reactions such as cyclization. The polymer was characterized by chromatographic, thermal and analytical methods.

scholarly journals Studying the Physicochemical Properties and Isolation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Edible Oils by GC-MS and Argentated Silica Gel Chromatography

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-362
Author(s):  
Salim Najmaldain Saber ◽  
Hikmat Ali Mohamad ◽  
Madzlan Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

The core objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils of sunflower, olive, virgin coconut and ginger oils, as well as the separation of their unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicated a significant variation in physicochemical properties (acid, saponification, ester, and iodine values) among oils. Transesterification process was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:7:0.1 of oil: methanol: KOH. Fatty acid methyl esters of oils were analyzed by infrared (IR) and gas chromatography–mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Twelve fatty acids were identified, where the major fatty acid of  olive oil was found to be  oleic acid (89%), whereas those of sunflower and ginger oils were linoleic acid (80.9 %) and (79.3 %), respectively. Sunflower and olive oils were fractionated by 25% silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel column chromatography. By this method, linoleic acid methyl ester from sunflower and oleic acid methyl ester from olive oil were isolated with high purity percentages and yields. This study is significant for the development of food and pharmaceutical products.

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