scholarly journals Operational effects of speed breakers: a case study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Malaya Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Sharp Turn ◽  
Advisory Speed

Traffic condition in India is highly heterogeneous consisting of vehicles of different static and dynamic characteristics. The speeds of all vehicles are non-uniform. Therefore, to regulate the speeds of different category of vehicles while travelling on a sharp turn or while approaching towards an intersection or buildings like schools and hospitals, traffic calming devices are provided on the roads. Speed breakers are one of the most commonly used traffic calming devices in developing countries like India. Geometry of the speed breakers are based on IRC 99 which says that the width of speed breakers should be 3.7 m and the height should be 0.1 m for urban roads. The codal provisions also suggest that the vehicles should be able to cross the speed breaker at an advisory speed of 20 kmph. However, it is observed that most of the speed breakers have faulty geometrical dimensions owing to various problems to the road users. The width of the speed breakers are usually observed to be narrowed down which increases the chance of road crashes due to sudden braking of vehicles encountering it. Further, it also leads to sudden slowing down of the whole traffic stream leading to traffic congestion. It also reduces fuel efficiency of the vehicles leading to overall increase in vehicle operating and maintenance costs. The present study reviews in detail the provisions provided in the IRC code for construction of speed breakers. Thereafter, a practical on field study is conducted to examine the dimensions of various speed breakers across various cities in India, and compare their dimensions with the provisions provided in the IRC code. Further, the operating speed of the vehicles while crossing the speed breaker is also noted down and compared with the suggested speed as provided in the code. Finally, a detailed comparison between speed reduction at the speed breaker and their dimensions has been analyzed. Speed reduction of different category of vehicles has also been examined in detail.

scholarly journals Traffic calming measures and their effect on the variation of speed

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Gonzalo Orden
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
North Of Spain

In recent years the number of deaths and serious injuries is decreasing in Spain, but, although the reduction outside the cities has been very strong, inside the urban areas, it has been smaller. This is especially hard if you look at the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. In many accidents the speed factor appears closely linked not only to the number, but also to the severity of the accidents suffered inside the urban areas. Therefore, a reduction in the speed would improve the road safety. There are different measures known as "traffic calming measures" whose objectives are to reduce both the number and severity of accidents that occur on urban areas, by reducing the traffic flow through the streets, as well as the speed of the vehicles. However, the efficiency in speed reduction of each measure is not entirely known. That's the reason why they are implanted, in many cases, with no technical basis. The aim of this article is to show the effectiveness in reducing speed of some of the traffic calming measures. To this effect, field measurements were done on street sections with different types of traffic calming measures, in different places of a city of Burgos, in the north of Spain. These measurements were compared with other ones sited on other streets sections of similar characteristics but without traffic calming measures. Finally the conclusions are shown and some recommendations for improving their effectiveness are given.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4217

scholarly journals Identification of Determinants of the Speed-Reducing Effect of Pedestrian Refuges in Villages Located on a Chosen Regional Road

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Alicja Sołowczuk ◽  
Dominik Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Layout Geometry ◽  
Specific Factors

Traffic calming, as a traffic engineering discipline, is becoming an increasingly important aspect of the road engineering process. One of the traffic calming treatments are pedestrian refuges—raised islands located on or at the road centreline. This paper presents factors relevant to the performance of this kind of traffic calming devices retrofitted on the stretches of regional roads in village areas. To this end, speed surveys were carried out before and after the islands in each direction on purposefully chosen test sections. In order to identify the determinants, each test section was characterised by features including the symmetry of the road layout geometry, surrounding features and the existing traffic signs and, last but not least, visibility of the road ahead. The survey data were used by the authors to perform analyses in order to group the speeds at the pedestrian refuges and relate them to specific factors and, finally, identify the determinants of speed reduction. In this way, the authors arrived at a conclusion that the performance of pedestrian refuges depends on a number of factors rather than solely on their geometric parameters. The analyses showed that the pedestrian refuge geometric parameters, features located in its proximity that influence the driver’s perception and placement of appropriate marking, can, in combination, result in achieving the desired speed reduction and ensure safety of non-motorised users. These hypotheses were tested on a stretch of a regional road in village area at three points of the process: before upgrading, after installation of pedestrian refuges, and after retrofitting of enhancements.

scholarly journals Analysis of congestion cost at signalized intersection using Vissim 9 (Case study at Demak Ijo Intersection, Sleman)

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Noor Mahmudah ◽  
Rizkie Akbar ◽  
Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Congestion Cost ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
High Traffic Volume

Due to imbalance of road capacity and traffic volume, so traffic congestion will be occurred either along the road and intersection. Demak Ijo intersection is one of signalized junction located in the western part of Yogyakarta with high traffic volume so traffic congestion is frequently occurred. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of existing traffic condition and then estimate the congestion cost at signalized intersection by modeling (simulation) using Vissim 9. The analysis results show that existing traffic condition is in very bad condition (level F), average delay of 80 seconds, average queue length of 48.73 meters with congestion cost is about Rp. 2,830,336 per hour.

scholarly journals Identification of the Determinants of the Effectiveness of On-Road Chicanes in the Village Transition Zones Subject to a 50 km/h Speed Limit

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4002
Author(s):  
Alicja Barbara Sołowczuk ◽  
Dominik Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Village

In recent years, in which a considerable increase in the road traffic volumes has been witnessed, traffic calming has become one the key issues in the area of road engineering. This concerns, in particular, trunk roads passing through small villages with a population of up to 500 and the road section length within the village limits of ca. 1400–1700 m. A successful traffic calming scheme must involve primarily effective reduction in inbound traffic speed. A review of the data from various countries revealed that chicanes installed in the transition zones may have a determining effect on the success of the traffic calming project. The effectiveness of such chicanes depends mainly on the type of chicane, its location on the carriageway, its shape and the size of the lateral deflection imposed by the chicane on the inbound lane. The purpose of this study was to identify the speed reduction determinants in traffic calming schemes in village transition zones, based on a central island horizontally deflecting one lane of a two-lane two-way road with 50 km/h speed restriction. As part of the study, vehicle speeds were measured just before and after the chicanes under analysis. Furthermore, the inbound lane traffic volumes were measured in field and a number of factors were identified, including the applied traffic management scheme, road parameters, view of the road ahead and of the village skyline, isolated buildings, road infrastructure and adjacent roadside developments. The obtained data were analysed with a method employing tautologies of the selected 32 factors affecting the drivers’ perception. A single aggregate parameter was proposed for assessing the coincidence of the influence of selected factors on speed reduction. The analysis of the existing schemes and the results of statistical analyses carried out in this study confirmed the authors’ hypothesis that the combined selected factors produce a desirable effect and that they should be additionally enhanced by the application of solar powered devices.

scholarly journals Railroad traffic light sensors to anticipate jams at junctions based on ATMega8

SinkrOn ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Amir Mahmud Husein ◽  
Alfredy Willim ◽  
Yandi Tumbur Nainggolan ◽  
Antonius Moses Simanggungsong ◽  
Prayoga Banjarnahor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Railroad Crossings ◽  
On The Road

Traffic congestion is a problem that has long occurred in Indonesia, especially in big cities. Traffic congestion that occurs can cause various losses, one of which is time loss because it can only run at a very low speed. Then it will create a waste of energy, because going at low speed will require more fuel. Congestion is also able to increase the saturation of other road users, not only that traffic jams also have a bad impact on nature which causes air pollution. And there are many more impacts of traffic jams that can make traveling very uncomfortable. One of the locations of traffic jams often occurs on roads located around railroad crossings. Therefore, In this study, it is proposed to make a traffic light sensor adjacent to the train track to anticipate long traffic jams based on atmega8 and infrared sensors, with the stages of collecting data, recording transportation activities at the location of the jam, then designing a sensor device. The system built is to read the volume of vehicles on the road and prioritize the road with the highest volume of vehicles to get the green traffic light condition. Based on the results of the manufacture of infrared sensors and atmega8 can be tested to reduce the level of congestion at crossroads adjacent to the railroad.

scholarly journals Traffic Conditions and Route Choice of Road Users Between Two Roundabouts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
Lin Zarni Win ◽  
Kyaing ◽  
Ko Ko Lwin ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

This study aims to present the traffic conditions of one of the most congested areas in Yangon as well as the route choice behaviors of the road users in that area. It analyzes drivers’ route choice behaviors and traffic congestion according to road segments. Manual traffic counting and roadside interview methods were used in this survey. The data gathered were used in finding routes alternative to the U Htaung Bo road, which is extremely congested almost all the time. With regard to the report, it will be helpful to identify the scale of the problem that is caused by traffic congestion and to increase awareness of this issue, including amongst the government, policy makers, traffic engineers, and road users.

scholarly journals Authors: Yunhui Zeng ; Wenjuan Hu ; Hongfei Guo ; Shiyue Shen ; Li Huang ; Yiying Lou

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zeng ◽  
Wenjuan Hu ◽  
Hongfei Guo ◽  
Shiyue Shen ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Focused on the lane occupancy phenomenon, this paper analyzes the roads during two different accidents to the evacuation period. Firstly, according to the statistical data, this paper calculated the correction coefficients under the road traffic condition, and then obtained the actual traffic capacity result at each moment of the road when combining the function model of the actual traffic capacity corrected by the running speed and the road traffic condition. Next the actual traffic capacity results are fitted to the Smooth spline interpolation, and then the actual traffic capacity is further verified by the traffic congestion situation. The actual traffic capacity of the road during the accident to evacuation is summarized as follows: the actual traffic capacity shows a nonlinear trend, that is, ascending-attenuating-recovering and gradually stabilizing. Finally, using Mann-Whitney U test to carry out the difference test on the actual traffic capacity, it is found that there is significant difference between the two groups of data, and the actual traffic capacity of the second case is stronger than that of the first one, and the reasons for the difference are analyzed as follows: the ratio of the steering traffic volume at the downstream intersection is different; this road section includes the community intersection and there are vehicles entering and leaving; meanwhile the speed of each lane is different and there are buildings near the lane. The above conclusions will provide theoretical basis for the traffic management department to correctly guide the vehicle driving, approve the road construction, design the road channelization plan, set the roadside parking space and the non-port-type bus stations.

scholarly journals Public Evaluation of Speed Humps Performance and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Shwaly ◽  
Amal AL-Ayaat ◽  
Mohamed Hamed Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Speed Humps

In Egypt, it is believed that speed humps are the cheapest and best solutions to reduce vehicles speed and thus reduce the number of potential accidents. Due to the lack of specifications in Egypt that govern the installation of speed humps, they were spread randomly and with different dimensions without adequate studies. Consequently, this practice can cause adverse effects on the road users and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to discuss the different effects of using speed humps in Kafr El-Sheikh city as a typical model in the Egyptian cities. To verify that the questionnaire is appropriate for the intended task, it was evaluated by 30 respondents aged 18 years and over. After the trial process, the required corrections were made to the proposed form of the questionnaire. Then, final questionnaires were distributed and 1000 responses were collected from all road users, whether they were pedestrians, drivers, owners of vehicles or vehicle repairmen by using face-to-face interviews. The responses were analysed using SPSS program. The results reflected that the installation of speed humps contributed greatly to reduce vehicles speed, the flow of traffic and accidents rate. On the other hand, the results proved that humps also contribute significantly to the environmental pollution, damage to the pavement and vehicles especially when they are poorly designed and located. The majority of respondents attributed the random spread of the speed humps to the weakness of the authorities in law enforcement and the prevention of the installation of new humps without authorization. Finally, with the widespread use of speed humps and with the exception of the positive impact on traffic safety, it also has negative impacts on both the economy and the environment. Finally, the use of speed humps can cause many harmful effects to the neighbourhood, if there no strict control on its installation process. Unless specifications and some standards should be strictly followed, other means of traffic calming measures should be considered.

scholarly journals Vehicle Accident Report Application for Solving Traffic Problems and Reduce the Ratio of Pollution using Case Study: Kuwait City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alkandari ◽  
Samer Moein
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Lost Time

<span lang="EN-US">Minor traffic accidents have become a major problem facing the road users in the recent years, according to the statistics from the Ministry of Interior (MOI) in Kuwait there were recorded 80,388 accidents by the year 2014. Accidents not only affect the mobility but also contribute to air pollution and slow down economic growth. These effects are the result of the seriously extended trips travel time due to accumulated vehicles queue. In some accidents cases, the lost time waiting for the arrival of the traffic officers and filling up the accident report could take up to 45 minutes. The new idea of Vehicle Accident Report application (I-VAR) concept developed by the research team would reduce the waiting time up to 3 minutes (93% savings), which would increase the level of service of the segment of a roadway. In addition, the study will be discussed four major situations on some of the busiest roads in Kuwait. Specifically, gas emissions and cost estimation. Improve the pollution obviously, by using the (I-VAR) application for the minor accidents there is an amount of 360,776,460 K.D would be saved yearly from the Kuwait government funds. It is a consequence of the huge savings in alleviating traffic congestion and generally produces more saver and efficient travel conditions.</span>

scholarly journals Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Vilma Jasiūnienė ◽  
Laura Jateikienė ◽  
Tadas Andriejauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Driving Speed

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world, particularly among young people. Excessive speed is one of the main risk factors in road traffic safety, increasing accident probability and affecting accident severity. Experimental research of the traffic calming measures allocation effect on the driving speed is presented in this paper. The research has been carried out on two aspects. The first one with respect to the mean speed and the second one regarding instantaneous speed. However, the paper is not only restricted by the above research. Standardized survey interview and questioning, a survey of public opinion, was carried out to find out the road users’ opinions about the need for traffic calming measures and speed control measures. Finally, the authors presented their insights and recommendations for the installation of speed humps and gateways and their optimum spacing.

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