scholarly journals The Effect of Salvadora Persica Extract (Miswak) and Chlorahexidine Gluconate on Human Dentin: A SEM Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Almas
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Abstract Bacterial plaque is solely responsible for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. There are different mechanical and chemical methods available for the maintenance of oral health through plaque control. Toothbrushes and miswak (chewing sticks) are widely used for the mechanical removal of plaque. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is one of the best-proven anti-plaque agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CHX and miswak extract on healthy and periodontally involved human dentin. Sixteen human premolars recently extracted for orthodontic and periodontal reasons were used in the study. Teeth were free from caries, cervical restorations, or erosions. The dentin disc specimens were prepared and half of them were etched with 6% citric acid for 120 sec. Both etched and unetched were further treated with CHX and 50% miswak extract and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) examination. It was concluded that CHX 0.2% and miswak extract 50% had a similar effect on dentin in the control group. Miswak extract removed more smear layer as compared to CHX. Further research is needed in vivo to compare the effects of CHX and miswak extract on periodontally involved teeth and teeth with dentinal hypersensitivity. Citation Almas K. The Effect of Salvadora Persica Extract (Miswak) and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Human Dentin: A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 August;(3)3: 027-035.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of siwak salvadora persica extract to aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as one of pathogenic bacteria causing periodontal disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Arni I. Djais ◽  
Vidya Y. Tope
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Objective : Periodontal disease is one of oral and dental diseases which most commonly found in humans caused by several factors, one of them due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a bacterial pathogen that frequently causes periodontal disease.Material and Methods : To inhibit the growth of these bacteria can be done by using natural ingredients that contain anti-bacterial agent. One of the natural ingredients that contain antibacterial substances is Siwak. To determine the effect of siwak extract against bacteria Aggregatibacter actinobaciluscomnitans as one of the pathogenic bacteria causing periodontal diseases. The study was laboratory experimental with posttest only control group design.Results : This study used sample of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans colonies in MHA medium. Twenty four samples were divided into six treatment groups, they were 5 groups given the extract siwak with concentration of 3.125%, 6:25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 1 group treated with control DMSO 5%. Inhibition zone was measured after 48 hours incubation at 37°C and measured using caliper. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test. The mean diameter of inhibition zone at concentrations of 3.125%, 6:25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% were 6.4 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.2 mm, 7.9 mm and 8.6 mm.Conclusion : Siwak extract can inhibit the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as one of the pathogenic bacteria causing periodontal diseases with the largest concentration is a concentration of 50% and the smallest concentration that is 3.125%.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage after Femtosecond Laser Assisted Deep Stromal Dissection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Dapeng Sun ◽  
Wenjie Sui ◽  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Bed Thickness ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose.To find a relatively safe designed stromal bed thickness to avoid endothelial damage for lamellar keratoplasty with an Allegretto Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser.Methods.Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into 50 μm and 150 μm groups according to the anticipated residue stromal bed thickness preparation with a femtosecond laser. Six rabbits without laser cutting were used as a control group. Central endothelial images were analyzed with in vivo confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The apoptosis of endothelium was evaluated with Hoechst 33342 staining and a TUNEL assay.Results.The endothelium of the 50 μm group had extensive injuries upon in vivo confocal and scanning electron microscopic observation, and minor injuries were observed in the 150 μm group. Moreover, more apoptotic cells were observed in the 50 μm group.Conclusions.When using a FS200 femtosecond laser assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty, there was minor endothelium damage with a 150 μm stromal bed, and a more than 150 μm thickness stromal bed design may prevent the damage of corneal endothelium.

The effects of intravitreally injected bevacizumab on the retina and retina pigment epithelium: experimental in-vivo electron microscopic study in intact versus vitrectomized eyes

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Kocak ◽  
Candan Ozogul ◽  
Suleyman Kaynak ◽  
Ulker Sonmez ◽  
Mehmet Zengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Electron Microscopes

AbstractTo analyze the retinal toxicity of bevacizumab at various doses both in vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized rabbit models. Twenty- eight rabbits were included in the study. Twenty- four rabbits were assigned to six groups, with 4 of the rabbits in the control group. The animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 received bevacizumab at a dose of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg and 1.5 mg /eye, respectively. The rabbits in Groups 4, 5 and 6 received intravitreal bevacizumab of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg and 1.5mg/eye, respectively, after gas compression vitrectomy. Two weeks after the procedure, the rabbits were euthanized. Retina tissue samples were then obtained and examined with both light and electron microscopes. In Groups 1, 2 and 3 after bevacizumab injection, toxic degeneration in the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium cells was observed via electron microscopic examination. The findings in Groups 4 and 5 were normal as compared to the control group. In Group 6, toxicity in the bipolar neurons and photoreceptor cells was noticed. Increased toxicity and retinal penetration were noticed in all administered doses of bevacizumab in the presence of vitreous. In addition, ocular toxicity occurred through the injection of the highest dose of bevacizumab after vitrectomy. It is possible that the bevacizumab dose and the, vitreous are as important as the drug half-life in the vitreous.

scholarly journals Differential distributions in tissues and efficacies of aztreonam and ceftazidime and in vivo bacterial morphological changes following treatment.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Turcotte ◽  
M Simard ◽  
N J Morin ◽  
D Beauchamp ◽  
M G Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Penetration Ratio ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Bow Tie ◽  
Fibrin Clots

The differential tissue distributions of aztreonam and ceftazidime within fibrin clots infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens, their efficacies, and the in vivo bacterial morphological changes induced by these drugs were evaluated. Rabbits were given intravenously a single dose of 100 mg of either agents/kg of body weight. In the cores of the clots, the peak levels of both drugs were much lower than those observed in the peripheries and in serum. Aztreonam's half-lives within the peripheries and in the cores of the fibrin clots were up to six times higher than observed in serum, while ceftazidime's half-lives in clots were twice that observed in serum. This resulted in a much greater penetration ratio for aztreonam than for ceftazidime. Both drugs controlled the growth of P. aeruginosa in vivo, but E. cloacae and S. marcescens responded better to ceftazidime. Morphological changes were more abundant in the peripheries than in the cores of the clots. In the control group, P. aeruginosa's morphology in the cores was different than that in the peripheries of the clots. Against P. aeruginosa, aztreonam did induce morphological changes in the cores while ceftazidime did not. Electron microscopic studies revealed that morphological changes associated with aztreonam seemed different than those of ceftazidime. Along with elongation of bacteria, more bow tie and herniated bacteria were observed with aztreonam. Though both agents selectively affect PBP 3, as manifested by elongated bacteria, they induce in the peripheries of the clots thickening, breaks, and detachment in bacterial cell walls, alterations which are generally associated with antibiotics affecting PBP 1a and 1b.

Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Effectiveness of EDTA Using Two Techniques: An SEM Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cemal Tinaz ◽  
Tayfun Alaçam ◽  
L. Sibel Karadag ◽  
Tansev Mihçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Sem Study

Abstract Obtaining the cleanest canal possible before obturation is one of the goals of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the smear layer removal capability of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) application with passive ultrasonic and cotton wrapped on reamer activation. Twelve extracted human teeth with single root canals were used for the study. They were conventionally hand instrumented using reamers and K files. The apical aspect of the canals was enlarged to a #40 file. The teeth were divided into 4 four groups, instrumented and irrigated as follows: Group-A EDTA agitated at the end of preparation with cotton wrapped on a reamer for 1 min; Group-B EDTA applied with ultrasonic agitation for 1 min; Group-C irrigated with EDTA+sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (negative control group); and Group-D irrigated with distilled water (positive control group). After scanning electron microscopic study at three different levels, smear layer and dentinal tubules were scored. Means were tested for significance using the Z test. When the techniques were compared, the cotton wrapped on reamer agitation method was as successful as the ultrasonic activation of the files. Although all groups had significantly higher smear layer scores at apical compared to coronal sections, no significant differences were recorded. Citation Tinaz AC, Karadag LS, Alaçam T, Mihçioglu T. Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Effectiveness of EDTA Using Two Techniques: An SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:009-016.

Comparative Evaluation of 0.1% Turmeric Mouthwash with 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Prevention of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Clinical Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Divya Nagunuri ◽  
GA Babitha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental plaque has been proved by extensive research to be a paramount factor in initiation and progression of gingival and periodontal diseases. Among chemical means, chlorhexidine mouthwash is regarded as the gold standard in dentistry in prevention of dental plaque. Chlorhexidine mouthwash, though effective, has certain side effects, such as brown discoloration of teeth, oral mucosal erosion, etc. Hence, there is need of an alternative medicine enmeshed within precious traditional Indian herbal therapy which is efficient, safe, and economical. Turmeric possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties along with hepatoprotective, immune stimulant, antiseptic, antimutagenic properties, etc. Objectives This study was conducted to explore and prove the clinical efficacy of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash in mild and moderate gingivitis patients. Materials and methods Sixty patients with moderate gingivitis were included and divided into two equal groups: Experimental (0.1% turmeric mouthwash) and control group (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate). The clinical parameters evaluation was done on day 0 and day 21. Results On intragroup comparison, statistically significant reduction in clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index) was seen in both groups on day 21, but on intergroup comparison, no statistically significant reduction in clinical parameters was seen on day 21 between the groups. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that 0.1% turmeric mouthwash possesses antiplaque and anti-inflammatory properties which has been proven through clinical evaluation and it was almost equally effective when compared with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in moderate gingivitis patients. How to cite this article Nagunuri D, Babitha GA, Prakash S. Comparative Evaluation of 0.1% Turmeric Mouthwash with 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Prevention of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Clinical Study. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):16-20.

scholarly journals Use of microporous hydroxyapatite material in regenerative treatment of periodontal tissues in dogs: a clinical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5985-2018
Author(s):  
IZABELA POLKOWSKA ◽  
ANNA ŚLÓSARCZYK ◽  
ALEKSANDRA SOBCZYŃSKA-RAK ◽  
MAGDALENA GOŁYŃSKA ◽  
TOMASZ SZPONDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Respective Control Group ◽  
The Mean

One of the biomaterials used in veterinary dentistry is hydroxyapatite (HAp). It aids the biological process of bone reconstruction and provides the basis on which damaged tissues can be rebuilt. It is also exceptionally osteoconductive and bioactive towards bone and other tissues. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of hydroxyapatite microporus ceramics for the treatment of periodontal diseases and post-extraction defects. The study was performed on 40 dogs. Dogs were qualified for the in vivo test: 2 study groups and 2 control groups (K1, K2) were created. Group G1 comprised 10 dogs diagnosed with periodontitis with 4-8 mm gingival pockets and mobility of mandibular/maxillary incisors. In order to avoid extraction, hydroxyapatite implantation into the bone pockets was performed. Group G2 comprised 10 dogs that required the extraction of maxillary canines, following which biomaterial was introduced into the post-extraction cavities. Control groups were performed without using of microporous hydroxyapatite. In group G1, animals displayed significant shallowing of gingival pockets. The mean depth of pockets was significantly reduced in those dogs and considerably better reconstruction of periodontal tissues was observed when compared to the control group K1. In group G2, significantly faster healing of bone cavities was stated when compared to the respective control group K2. The study confirmed the validity of using microporous hydroxyapatite granules and shaped blocks in reconstructive periodontal treatment as well as prevention of oronasal fistulas after canines extraction and facilitation of the post-extraction healing process..

Inhibitory Effects of the Anesthetics Propofol and Sevoflurane on Spontaneous Lymphatic Vessel Activity in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Hattori ◽  
Michiaki Yamakage ◽  
Sumihiko Seki ◽  
Kayoko Okazaki ◽  
Akiyoshi Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Removal

Background The effects of propofol and sevoflurane on lymphatic vessel activity are unknown. This study aimed to clarify the effects of these anesthetics on lymphatic vessel activity in rats by the use of a technique for mechanical removal of the endothelium. Methods The authors first examined the effects of propofol (8 mg/kg) and sevoflurane (2.0%) on in vivo lymphatic flow by injection of dye into the femoral regions of rats. In the in vitro study, the ends of the vessel segments of rat thoracic duct were connected to a syringe and stopcock, respectively. Spontaneous changes in diameter of each segment were monitored, and the extraluminal side of each segment was exposed to propofol (1 x 10(-6) approximately 3 x 10(-5) M) or sevoflurane (0.5 approximately 2.0%). Endothelial function was eliminated by perfusion of air into the lumen. Results In the dye uptake study, 80% of iliac lymphatic nodes were positively stained in a control group, whereas only 10% and 20% were positively stained in propofol and sevoflurane groups, respectively. In the in vitro study, both of the anesthetics significantly decreased the amplitude of spontaneous activity of lymphatic vessels with or without endothelial function. Sevoflurane inhibited the frequency of lymphatic vessel activity but propofol had no effect on it. When the endothelial function was eliminated, both anesthetics decreased the frequency of spontaneous activity of lymphatic vessels. Conclusions Propofol and sevoflurane seem to have some different effects on endothelial function, which regulates the pacemaking of spontaneous contraction of lymphatic vessels.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Oral Antiseptics on Tooth Biofilm: A Study in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandéca ◽  
Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho ◽  
José Carlos Elias Mouchrek Junior ◽  
Lívia Helena de Araújo Castro Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of five different mouthwashes through measurement of the plaque index. Materials and methods Fifty subjects took part in this blind study, randomized into blocks of five groups according to the active ingredient of the mouthwash: CHX group (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate), essential oils (EO) group, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) group, Tri group (triclosan) and Hamamelis virginiana (HV) group. All subjects were evaluated for a reduction in the bacterial plaque index at 7, 14 and 21 days. Results There was a significant reduction in the mean plaque index during the period of evaluation (p < 0.01), and the reduction during the period of evaluation was different between mouthwashes (p < 0.01). The reduction in the plaque index at the end of 21 days was, in decreasing order, CHX > EO > CPC > Tri > HV. Conclusion The reduction in the plaque index during the period of evaluation was different between the types of mouthwash. The mouthwash containing the active ingredient chlorhexidine was the most effective, followed by the essential oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and H. virginiana. How to cite this article Junior Mouchrek JCE, Nunes LHAC, Arruda CS, Rizzi CC, Mouchrek AQS, Tavarez RRJ, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Maia Filho EM. Effectiveness of Oral Antiseptics on Tooth Biofilm: A Study in vivo. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):674-678.

scholarly journals Clinical-Statistical Study on the Use of a Magnesium-Terpene-Based Substance in Polymeric Trays for Periodontal Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-867
Author(s):  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Ruxandra Voinea-Georgescu ◽  
Mihaela-Jana Tuculina ◽  
Ionela Teodora Dascalu ◽  
Dora Maria Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases that cause lesions of the dento-periodontal system and can even lead to the loss of teeth. A successful treatment of periodontal diseases includes procedures aimed at reducing inflammation, by mechanical and chemical means, which have the role to decrease the pathogenicity of microorganisms found in the bacterial plaque. The study was conducted on a group of 50 patients, of whom a control group of 25 patients followed conventional periodontal treatment, while the other 25 patients received magnesium-terpene therapy by using polymeric thermoforming mouth custom trays, along with conventional periodontal treatment. The statistical and clinical assessment of the study revealed the efficiency of the magnesium-terpene active gel for the treatment of periodontal disease.

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