scholarly journals Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Erich Saling ◽  
Ulrich Honemeyer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The fetal brain as focus of scientific interest could not emerge before the 20th century. This was only possible after a long history of parallel advances in the fields of anatomy, physiology, pathology and imaging techniques. Some of these are presented in this article. We are providing (1) a historical overview about ‘the brain in science’ in general, (2) a historic overview about fetal brain assessment and (3) an overview of the present and reflections about the future of fetal brain assessment. How to cite this article Honemeyer U, Saling E. Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):36-45.

Karl Marx’s Legacy: The Historical Overview

2007 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
R. Nureev
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Marxism

The article is devoted to the history of reception and interpretation of the ideas of Marx and Engels. The author considers the reasons for divergence between Marxist and neoclassical economic theories. He also analyzes the ways of vulgarization of Marx’s theory and the making of Marxist voluntarism. It is shown that the works of Marx and Engels had a certain potential for their over-simplified interpretations. The article also considers academic ("Western") Marxism and evaluates the prospects of Marxist theory in the future.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech’: New Essays on the History of Archeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Controversial Nature

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.

scholarly journals CHARACTER EDUCATION AS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF SCHOOLING FOR THE FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
McRobert Lewis ◽  
Veronica Ponzio
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The Common

This analysis seeks to examine the history and development of moral/character education in America during the 20th century providing structure for the character education movement in today’s educational context. The common denominator and key to character education for the future is community. The concept of community connects the three aforementioned themes and provides a roadmap for better implementation of character education. Careful consideration is given to the interaction and contributions of the school and society in terms of promoting and developing character education. Though there is generous support from politicians, educators, and parents, character education is still somewhat mired by its lack of scope. This examination proposes that current character education proponents can find new frameworks for implementation by observing the history of character education.

A Historical Perspective of Robotics Toward the Future

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Design Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
History Of

In this paper a historical overview is presented dealing with the conception and development of devices that can be considered as robots today with the aim to identify the future challenges for roboticists. The historical background can be used as guidance for future successful developments when design data and requirements are recognized from historical well-established needs, problems and applications, which can be re-formulated through modern means for modern solutions. Thus, in the paper an overview of history of robotics is presented as based on main aspects and concepts.

scholarly journals Highights in the History of Epilepsy: The Last 200 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Magiorkinis ◽  
Aristidis Diamantis ◽  
Kalliopi Sidiropoulou ◽  
Christos Panteliadis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this study was to present the evolution of views on epilepsy as a disease and symptom during the 19th and the 20th century. A thorough study of texts, medical books, and reports along with a review of the available literature in PubMed was undertaken. The 19th century is marked by the works of the French medical school and of John Hughlings Jackson who set the research on epilepsy on a solid scientific basis. During the 20th century, the invention of EEG, the advance in neurosurgery, the discovery of antiepileptic drugs, and the delineation of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, were the most significant advances in the field of research in epilepsy. Among the most prestigious physicians connected with epilepsy one can pinpoint the work of Henry Gastaut, Wilder Penfield, and Herbert Jasper. The most recent advances in the field of epilepsy include the development of advanced imaging techniques, the development of microsurgery, and the research on the connection between genetic factors and epileptic seizures.

The Civic Apartment for the Aged in the Background of Chinese Population Ageing

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 4005-4009
Author(s):  
Qian Fei Shi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Welfare History ◽  
Aging Stage ◽  
Elderly Living

At the end of 20th century, our country has already entered population aging stage. Along with the aggravation of the population ageing, the change of people’s viewpoint, it makes residential elderly-living mode turned into social elderly-living mode and the apartment for aged also springs up gradually. The paper introduce the development of the foreign representative apartment for the aged and the welfare history of policies and present conditions, analysis the problems of our country’s apartment for the aged and the future development directions of it.

scholarly journals Drama in Ho Chi Minh City literature and art life

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Thuy Trung Luu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Performance Art ◽  
Early Time ◽  
High Time ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

In the history of Vietnamese drama, Saigon was one of the places absorbing Western drama from the early time. Although drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City didn’t develop in a smooth and straight way, it was a continuous and unbroken process. This process brought in strong development of drama in Ho Chi Minh city in two decades of the late 20th century and the early 21st century. However, in recent years, drama in Ho Chi Minh City seems to proceed slowly, which reflects some irrational aspects from drama script, performance art to performance operation. Therefore, it’s high time to review the whole history of drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City to collect experiences for the steady development of drama in this City in the future.

scholarly journals Urban Narratives in the Age of Revolutions: Early 20th century Ideas to Modernize Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-147
Author(s):  
Barbara Arciszewska ◽  
Makary Górzyński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Russian Empire

In January 1906, in the turbulent period of 1905–1907, the poet, artist, and socialactivist Antoni Lange published in the Warsaw weekly Świat an essay called“Marzenia warszawskie” (“The Warsaw Dreams”). A several page text, illustratedwith woodcuts by the painter Andrzej Zarzycki, included a spectacular vision of metropolitanWarsaw of the future: a capital city with many public buildings and moderninfrastructure, a genuine center of Polish national and cultural life. The present essayanalyzes unexamined ideas of Lange in terms of the history of architecture, andin a double political and social context. “The Warsaw Dreams” was deeply rooted inthe political reality of the former Kingdom of Poland, addressing the issue of liberalizationof the Russian rule during the 1905 revolution. Using the vocabulary of urbanplanning and making a list of changes in the city’s architecture, Lange articulateda vision of the future space of Warsaw as a Polish metropolis of modernity, administeredindependently of Russia. In his essays he proposed to extend the city limits andremove its fortifications as well as introduce local government with significant prerogativesas an instrument of Warsaw’s great transformation – its aestheticization and construction of public buildings, such as national government edifices, schools,and cultural centers. The authors argue that by describing public architecture of thefuture Warsaw as a “dream” full of copies of well-known European architectural monumentsfrom Venice, Prague, and Cracow, Lange created a comprehensive politicalproject of autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian empire. “The WarsawDreams” originally combined together architecture and politics, urban space and theproblems of Polish modernization, and the discourses of nationalism and socialism.Lange’s visionary proposal from 1906 is of the most imaginative responses to thechallenges of the development of Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century in the contextof Polish political and social problems of those times.

A Brief History of Upper Limb Ideomotor Apraxia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Heilman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Ideomotor Apraxia ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
Action Imitation ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Brain

To successfully interact with the environment, goal-oriented movements made by human limbs must be guided by instructions from the brain. Loss of the ability to program purposeful skilled movements, in the absence of any motor, sensory, or cognitive deficit that could fully account for this disability, is called apraxia. Several types of apraxia were described by Hugo Liepmann in the beginning of the 20th century: ideomotor apraxia, where patients make spatial movement and postural errors as well as temporal errors, limb-kinetic apraxia, where patients are unable to perform precise independend and coordinated finger movements and ideational apraxia, where patients fail to correctly sequence a series of action. More recently, three other types of apraxia have been described: conceptual apraxia, where patients have a loss of mechanical knowledge; dissociation apraxia, where patients are impaired at performing a skilled act in response to stimuli in one modality but can perform normally when the stimulus is given in another modality; and conduction apraxia, where patients are impaired at action imitation. This chapter, using an historical approach, reviews the signs associated with each of these forms of apraxia, as well as their pathophysiology.

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