scholarly journals Morphological Evaluation of the Bovine Dentin prepared with High-speed Turbine or Er:YAG Laser and submitted to Different Adhesive Systems after Laser Etching

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres ◽  
Maria Filomena Rocha Lima Huhtala ◽  
Simone Cristina Teixeira ◽  
Maria Amélia Máximo de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of the Er:YAG laser at different settings on the surface of bovine dentin as well as adhesive systems. A total of 21 bovine teeth had their apexes embedded in chemically activated acrylic resin to allow sectioning of a dentin slice parallel to the buccal aspect of each tooth. Thus, group A (12 slices), prepared with the high-speed turbine, being four for analysis of the dentin surface, four for analysis of the interface and four for analysis of resin tags. Group B (9 slices) prepared with the Er:YAG laser, being three for analysis of the surface, three for analysis of the interface and three for analysis of resin tags. Each slice received a different treatment: etching with phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (60 mJ/10 Hz), conventional adhesive Excite (Vivadent) and self-etching adhesive One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama). For analysis of the interface, all slices were fractured for exposure of the resin/dentin bond. All slices were processed to allow evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the Er:YAG laser employed both for preparation and dentin etching removed the smear layer, opened the dentinal tubules and yielded surface cracks; there was formation of a large amount and deep tags in the study groups, except for the slice prepared with diamond bur at high-speed and self-etching adhesive systems; the interfaces revealed adequate adaptation of the adhesive system/composite resin to the dentin, with little evidence of hybrid layer; also, the slice prepared with diamond bur, etched with phosphoric acid and receiving the Excite adhesive system displayed a porous hybrid layer.

scholarly journals Influence of Solvents and Composition of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Adhesive Systems on the Nanoleakage within the Hybrid Layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Patricia Teixeira Pires ◽  
Alvaro Ferreira Azevedo ◽  
Sofia Arantes Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Ribeiro Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Influence Of Solvents

ABSTRACT Aim The goal of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage within the hybrid layer yielded by etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems, with different solvents and compositions. Materials and methods Four adhesives were applied onto 20 human dentin disks: group A: Adper Scotchbond 1XT™ (3M ESPE), group B: One Coat Bond® (Coltène Whaledent), group C: AdheSE® (Ivoclar Vivadent) and group D: Xeno-V® (Dentsply). The samples were immersed in aqueous ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 hour, prepared and observed under field-emission scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electrons. Microphotographs were scanned and data were processed. The mean value and standard deviation were calculated. KruskalWallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used (p < 0.05). Results All the adhesives showed nanoleakage within the hybrid layer: Adper Scotchbond 1XT™ (218.5 μm ± 52.6 μm), One Coat Bond® (139.6 μm ± 79.0 μm), AdheSE® (92.7 μm ± 64.8 μm) and Xeno-V® (251.0 μm ± 85.2 μm). AdheSE® yielded less nanoleakage than Adper Scotchbond-1XT™ (p = 0.003) and than Xeno-V® (p = 0.007). No other statistically significant differences were detected. Conclusion Two-step self-etch adhesive system (AdheSE®) might contribute for lower nanoleakage deposition and thus better performance in dentin adhesion. Clinical significance The two-step self-etch adhesive system showed the lowest nanoleakage deposition compared with the other adhesive systems evaluated, which seems to indicate a better behavior when a restoration is performed in dentin and possibly can lead to a durable adhesion along time. How to cite this article Ferreira JC, Pires PT, Azevedo AF, Oliveira SA, Melo PR, Silva MJ. Influence of Solvents and Composition of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Adhesive Systems on the Nanoleakage within the Hybrid Layer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):691-699.

Effect of Different Surface Applications and Adhesive Systems on Bond Strength of Porcelain Repair Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Bilge Tarcin ◽  
Gulden Sinmazisik ◽  
Fusun Ozer ◽  
Turgut Gülmez
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Self Etch

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and adhesive systems on bond strength of composite resin to porcelain when there is need to repair the restoration.Materials and methods: Rectangular discs (10mm x 12mm) with a height of 2mm were prepared from leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (Vitablocs), embedded in acrylic resin, and bur cut porcelain surfaces were created. The specimens were divided into three groups (n=20) according to the surface treatments: Er:YAG laser at 2W for 20 seconds, air abrasion with 50µm Al2O3 at 2.5 bar for 15 seconds, and the last group left untreated as control. After silane (Monobond S) application on ten specimens from each group, composite rods (Aelite Flo LV) with 4.25mm diameter and 4mm height were bonded to ceramic surfaces with a self-etch adhesive system (All-Bond SE). The remaining ten specimens from each group were etched with 36% orthophosphoric acid (Blue Etch Dental Etching Gel), and after silane and bonding agent (One-Step Plus) application composite rods with the mentioned dimensions were bonded. All groups were stored in distilled water at 37°C for one day before mechanical testing. Shear testing of all groups were performed on a universal testing machine with a load cell of 50kg and at a crosshead speed of 1.5mm/min. Results were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis tests.Results: The bond strength values of the self-etch adhesive system in the lased and control groups were statistically higher in comparison to the other adhesive system (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The highest bond strength values were obtained in the Er:YAG lased and self-etch adhesive applied group.Conclusions: When there is need to repair of a porcelain restoration, a self-etch adhesive application after Er:YAG laser treatment could be the method of choice.

scholarly journals Morphology and thickness of the diffusion of resin through demineralized or unconditioned dentinal matrix

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Galvão Arrais ◽  
Marcelo Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive System ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
The One ◽  
Bonding Systems

The formation of a hybrid layer is the main bonding mechanism of current dentin-bonding systems. This study evaluated the morphology and thickness of the resin-infiltrated dentinal layer after the application of adhesive systems. The dentin-bonding agents were evaluated on flat dentinal preparations confected on the occlusal surfaces of human teeth. The test specimens were prepared and inspected under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of X 2,000. The adhesive systems were responsible for different hybrid layer thicknesses (p < 0.05), and the mean values were: for Scotchbond MP Plus (SM), 7.41 ± 1.24mum; for Single Bond (SB), 5.55 ± 0.82mum; for Etch & Prime 3.0 (EP), 3.86 ± 1.17mum; and for Clearfil SE Bond (CB), 1.22 ± 0.45mum. The results suggest that the conventional three-step adhesive system (SM) was responsible for the thickest hybrid layer, followed by the one-bottle adhesive (SB). The self-etching adhesives, EP and CB, produced the formation of the thinnest hybrid layers.

Hybrid Layer Width after Conventional Diamond, Carbide and Ultra-Sound CVD Burs

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pereira Nogueira ◽  
V Cavalli ◽  
PCS Liporoni ◽  
MA do Rego
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Mean Values

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate hybrid layer thickness of primary molars sectioned with diamond, carbide and ultrasonic CVD burs. Study Design: The occlusal enamel surfaces of ten molars were removed and superficial dentin was exposed. Three standardized cavities were prepared at mesial, central and distal exposed dentin with diamond, carbide and ultrasonic CVD burs, respectively. A self-etching adhesive system (Adhese, Ivoclar/Vivadent) was applied to prepared cavities and composite resin Z100 (3M/ESPE) was inserted according to manufacturers’ instructions to hybridized dentin. Samples were lightcured and the crown was sectioned mesio-distally dividing the restored cavities in two halves which were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to quantitatively evaluate hybrid layer thickness (µm). Three repeated measures were performed at mesial, central and distal sites and mean values obtained were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Data (mean ± sd) obtained were (µm): 2.69 (0.44), 3.38 (1.23) and 2.72 (1.18) for diamond, carbide and CVD burs, respectively. No differences were observed among groups (p ≯ 0.05). The adhesive systems promoted mechanical retention, uniform and continuous hybrid layer and resin tags formation at all dentin sites for all instruments tested. Conclusion: The results suggest that the minimally invasive cavities prepared with diamond, carbide and CVD for ultrasound, promoted hybrid layer formation with a similar thickness regardless the bur used.

scholarly journals Cavity Preparation with Er:YAG Laser or Rotary Instruments: Investigation of the Composite Resin Restorations Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres ◽  
Maria Filomena Rocha Lima Huhtala ◽  
Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo ◽  
Simone Cristina Teixeira ◽  
Rodrigo Máximo de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Composite Resin Restorations ◽  
Resin Restorations

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the sealing of composite resin restorations after cavity preparation with high speed diamonds burs or Er:YAG laser. Two different adhesive systems were used; conventional and self-etching. Seventy bovine incisors were divided into groups according to the cavity treatment (N = 10): G1 (bur + acid + Excite); G2 (bur + One Up); G3 (bur + laser + Excite); G3 (bur + laser + One Up); G4 (laser + acid + Excite); G5 (laser + One Up) and G6 (laser + Excite). Restorations were performed with Filtek Z250 3M/ESPE. The specimes were then thermocycled and placed in a vacuum machine, at a negative atmosphere of 20 inch Hg for 5 minutes, for removal of entrapped air. This procedure was followed by immersion in a 50% silver nitrate solution. The teeth were sectioned and the evaluation of the marginal leakage was performed in a light stereomicroscope. The results were submitted to the ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. It was concluded that preparations performed with high-speed turbines and Er:YAG laser presented the same performance; preparations with Er:YAG laser submitted to acid-etching and conventional adhesive system presented high values of marginal leakage, with statistical significance; conventional and self-etching adhesive systems presented the same performance as to marginal microleakage.

Effect of Smear Layers Created by Different Burs on Durability of Self-Etching Adhesive Bond to Dentin of Primary Teeth

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rirattanapong ◽  
P Senawongse ◽  
C Harnirattisal ◽  
W Wunsiw
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Over Time

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a smear layer generated by a high-speed diamond or carbide bur on the durability of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a self-etching adhesive to primary dentin. Study Design: Flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 105 human primary molars were exposed using 600 grit silicon carbide paper before being divided into 2 groups for further grinding with either a highspeed diamond or carbide bur. Ten prepared dentin surfaces treated by each bur were evaluated for the characteristics of the smear layer using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seventy-five specimens from each bur-prepared group were applied with a 2-step self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond®) then built up with a resin composite. Each bonded specimen was sectioned into a 1-mm thick slab and trimmed to a dumbbell shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1 mm2. All slabs were divided into 3 groups (n=25) according to 3 storage times of 24 hrs, 3 months, and 6 months, in distilled water at 37°C. After storage, the μTBS was determined using a universal testing machine. All fracture specimens were prepared for observation of failure modes. Ten bonded specimens of each bur group were prepared for observation of the resin-dentin interface using an SEM. Smear-layer thickness, μTBS, and failure mode distributions were statistically analyzed. Results: The high speed carbide bur created a significantly thinner smear layer than the diamond bur (p &lt; 0.05). Dentin surfaces treated with a high-speed carbide bur generally obtained significantly higher μTBS than the diamond bur group (p &lt; 0.05). The μTBS gradually decreased over time such that specimens stored for 6 months had significantly lower bond strength than those stored for 24 hrs (p &lt; 0.05). Self-etching adhesive created a hybrid layer of the same thickness when prepared with either a carbide bur or diamond bur, but the carbide bur group had longer and more resin tags. Conclusion: Highspeed carbide bur groups had a higher μTBS than diamond bur groups for all storage times, and bond strengths decreased over time in both substrate groups. The use of a carbide bur produced a thinner smear layer and therefore is recommended when using this 2-step self-etching adhesive to bond the resin composite to primary dentin.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Microleakage on Dental Surfaces Bonded with Three Self-Etch Adhesive Systems Treated with the Er:YAG Laser and Bur

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Sanhadji El Haddar ◽  
Sibel Cetik ◽  
Babak Bahrami ◽  
Ramin Atash
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Class V ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Tooth Preparation ◽  
Self Etch

Aim. This study sought to compare the microleakage of three adhesive systems in the context of Erbium-YAG laser and diamond bur cavity procedures. Cavities were restored with composite resin.Materials and Methods. Standardized Class V cavities were performed in 72 extracted human teeth by means of diamond burs or Er-YAG laser. The samples were randomly divided into six groups of 12, testing three adhesive systems (Clearfil s3Bond Plus, Xeno® Select, and Futurabond U) for each method used. Cavities were restored with composite resin before thermocycling (methylene blue 2%, 24 h). The slices were prepared using a microtome. Optical microscope photography was employed to measure the penetration.Results. No statistically significant differences in microleakage were found in the use of bur or laser, nor between adhesive systems. Only statistically significant values were observed comparing enamel with cervical walls (p<0.001).Conclusion. It can be concluded that the Er:YAG laser is as efficient as diamond bur concerning microleakage values in adhesive restoration procedures, thus constituting an alternative tool for tooth preparation.

Paper 3: The Future of Packaging Adhesives

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Cellulose Acetates ◽  
Synthetic Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

Varying requirements necessitate numerous assembly processes, although all need fluidity which is achieved by a solid being dissolved or dispensed in fluid, or melted. A common adhesive base is a polymer, and more general dispersions are based on polyvinyl acetates; but where speed of assembly and special surfaces are needed, hot melt adhesives are used. Starch pastes and dextrines being ‘natural’ aqueous adhesives are used mainly for bonding non-synthetic porous materials. With the development of cellulose acetates, plastics, polythene, etc., and the introduction of improved machinery, synthetic adhesives became necessary. In view of the fact that hot-melt application appears to be the norm for modern packaging, applications of this type only have been enlarged upon in this paper. As it is essential that adhesive be applied with minimum waste and at a speed regulated to the packaging line there are two main types of applicator, namely, the nozzle type which applies a continuous bead of cement on to a moving web of material and the wheel type which applies a line or pattern of adhesive on to intermittently passing articles by means of a rotating transfer wheel. To arrive at the monetary expenditure it is usual to estimate in terms of milage of seam inches of bond per pound or cost per package unit. Whereas the actual amount of hot melt purchased is usable as an adhesive because it is all solid (although it does yield varying milage), in liquid adhesives the solid content, expressed as a percentage of the total volume, can be quite low. A more important cost factor is the effect of the adhesive system on the production rate of the packaging line—greater efficiency and output offset slightly higher costs. Speed packaging by fully automatic cartoning machines has been introduced and there is a trend for the package to be built around the product, involving joint activities of converter, machinery manufacturer, and adhesive manufacturer all at the same time. This era necessitates high-speed packaging machines together with complete adhesive systems for bonding natural and synthetic materials at high speed. It can be concluded that future packaging adhesives must be fast-setting, have the ability to bond synthetic materials, be automatically fed and applied, be able to withstand exacting service conditions, and adhesive systems must be introduced at the design stage of a new package.

Nanoleakage in Hybrid Layer and Acid–Base Resistant Zone at the Adhesive/Dentin Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Nikaido ◽  
Hamid Nurrohman ◽  
Tomohiro Takagaki ◽  
Alireza Sadr ◽  
Shizuko Ichinose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Self Etch

AbstractThe aim of interfacial nanoleakage evaluation is to gain a better understanding of degradation of the adhesive–dentin interface. The acid–base resistant zone (ABRZ) is recognized at the bonded interface under the hybrid layer (HL) in self-etch adhesive systems after an acid–base challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage in HL and ABRZ using three self-etch adhesives; Clearfil SE Bond (SEB), Clearfil SE One (SEO), and G-Bond Plus (GBP). One of the three adhesives was applied on the ground dentin surface and light cured. The specimens were longitudinally divided into two halves. One half remained as the control group. The others were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, followed by photo developing solution under fluorescent light. Following this, the specimens were subjected to acid–base challenges with an artificial demineralization solution (pH4.5) and sodium hypochlorite, and prepared in accordance with common procedures for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. The TEM images revealed silver depositions in HL and ABRZ due to nanoleakage in all the adhesives; however, the extent of nanoleakage was material dependent. Funnel-shaped erosion beneath the ABRZ was observed only in the all-in-one adhesive systems; SEO and GBP, but not in the two-step self-etch adhesive system; SEB.

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