scholarly journals Computerized Tomographic Assessment of Vocal Cord Palsy: Otolaryngologist's Purview

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Apoorva K Pandey ◽  
Tripti Maithani ◽  
Arvind Varma ◽  
Sharad Gangrade ◽  
Ankur Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Pyriform Sinus ◽  
Radiologic Evaluation ◽  
Aryepiglottic Fold ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Axial Ct

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives Vocal cord palsy (VCP) can be definitely depicted on computed tomograpy (CT) scan by identifying key points at the level of true vocal cords and aryepiglottic folds. There are various VCP mimics and imaging shortcomings, and these can usually be circumvented by thoughtfully assessing the scan plan and level, and a diligent search for additional characteristics. Materials and methods This retrospective study consisted of 10 cases of unilateral VCP, who all had been clinically diagnosed of VCP and further evaluated by CT. Pre- and postcontrast enhanced axial CT from skull base to aorto-pulmonary window were done and multiplanar three-dimensional reconstruction of images in coronal and sagittal planes along with volume-rendered imaging was done. Results Most consistent findings in VCP were thickening of ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold and medialization of ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold (100%), followed by dilation of ipsilateral pyriform sinus (90%) and dilatation of ipsilateral laryngeal ventricle (80%). Etiologic causes were ascertained in three cases: Thyroid malignancy, tuberculosis, and pyriform sinus malignancy. The last etiology was probably a VCP mimic. Conclusion Radiologic evaluation is inarguably useful for determining the etiology of VCP, particularly for lesions within neck and thoracic cavity. Most crucial objective in assessing a case of VCP is to exclude the presence of a life-threatening primary lesion as the cause of VCP. How to cite this article Pandey AK, Gangrade S, Malhotra A, Varma A, Maithani T. Computerized Tomographic Assessment of Vocal Cord Palsy: Otolaryngologist's Purview. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(2):57-63.

Stridor: a rare presentation of motor neuron disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e241923
Author(s):  
Brian Gordon ◽  
Eimear Joyce ◽  
Timothy J Counihan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

A 74-year-old farmer presented to the emergency department with a subacute history of progressive dyspnoea, wheeze and dysphonia. He was treated for an exacerbation of asthma with poor response to pharmacological therapy. Investigation of dysphonia via laryngoscopy identified a bilateral vocal cord palsy. Subsequently, the patient developed an episode of life-threatening stridor and hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring an emergency tracheostomy. Neurology input identified evidence of widespread muscle fasciculations on clinical examination. MRI of the brain and cervical spine were unremarkable. Electromyogram testing identified changes of acute denervation in several limbs consistent with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND). Bilateral vocal cord palsy has been rarely reported in the literature as the heralding symptom resulting in the diagnosis of MND. In patients with a subacute onset of dysphonia, dyspnoea and stridor, MND should be a differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Fish Bone Migration- Culprit Leading to RetroParaoesophageal Abscess, Mediastinitis and Vocal Cord Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M ◽  
Shashigopalan M ◽  
Johnson NWS
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Neck Exploration ◽  
Oesophageal Perforation ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vocal Cord Paresis ◽  
Life Threatening

Fish bone ingestion and impaction are known to everyone. However, such benign incidences have been reported to be associated with multiple potentially life threatening complications. Anatomical features of the oesophagus forms the basis for such incidences. We report here an elderly diabetic gentleman with an unusual left retro-paraoesophageal abscess complicated with oesophageal perforation, mediastinitis and vocal cord paresis which were fundamentally caused by a migrated fish bone into the lower part of the neck requiring therapeutic external neck exploration. Management of this case and its complications are described here comprehensively.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstruction of intact human integrin αIIbβ3: new implications for activation-dependent ligand binding

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (26) ◽  
pp. 4165-4171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Seok Choi ◽  
William J. Rice ◽  
David L. Stokes ◽  
Barry S. Coller
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Human Integrin

Key Points The αIIbβ3 headpiece points away from the lipid bilayer, and the lower legs are either bent (αIIb) or freely coiled (β3). The linking region between the ecto- and TM domains likely transmits the TM conformational changes associated with inside-out activation.

scholarly journals Laryngeal Schwannoma, Alarming Mass of Airway: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Anup Sanjel ◽  
Shankar Prasad Shah ◽  
Shyam Thapa Chhetri ◽  
Sudip Mishra ◽  
Ashik Rajak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors ◽  
Aryepiglottic Fold ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Submucosal Mass ◽  
False Vocal

Laryngeal schwannomas are rare tumors of neural sheath origin. They normally present as a slow-growing, encapsulated, submucosal mass commonly in the supraglottic region. We describe a 13-year-old boy presenting with a 4-month history of progressive worsening dysphagia. Fiber optic laryngoscopy and computed tomography revealed a polypoidal mass in the laryngeal surface of epiglottis abutting left the aryepiglottic fold, base of the tongue and hypopharyngeal wall. Direct laryngoscopic evaluation and microdebrider assisted debulking was performed with tracheostomy. Schwannoma was confirmed by histopathological study. In a regular follow-up after two months, 70 degree endoscopic evaluation revealed similar mass in the left aryepiglottic fold obscuring the vocal cord. Definite complete excision of the tumor was planned and endoscopic excision of the masswas performed with removal of ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid and false vocal cord with retracheotomy. Rapid occurrence of mass after debulking and biopsy was demonstrated in this case. Though rare, neurogenic tumors of the larynx are life-threatening and need complete removal.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

3-D reconstruction of molecular shape from microcrystal thin sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
S. Cusack ◽  
J.-C. Jésior
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Shape ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Fourier Space ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques using electron microscopy have been principally developed for application to 2-D arrays (i.e. monolayers) of biological molecules and symmetrical single particles (e.g. helical viruses). However many biological molecules that crystallise form multilayered microcrystals which are unsuitable for study by either the standard methods of 3-D reconstruction or, because of their size, by X-ray crystallography. The grid sectioning technique enables a number of different projections of such microcrystals to be obtained in well defined directions (e.g. parallel to crystal axes) and poses the problem of how best these projections can be used to reconstruct the packing and shape of the molecules forming the microcrystal.Given sufficient projections there may be enough information to do a crystallographic reconstruction in Fourier space. We however have considered the situation where only a limited number of projections are available, as for example in the case of catalase platelets where three orthogonal and two diagonal projections have been obtained (Fig. 1).

Computer Assisted Image Reconstruction of Oligomer Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
A.M. Jones ◽  
A. Max Fiskin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Space Approach

If the tilt of a specimen can be varied either by the strategy of observing identical particles orientated randomly or by use of a eucentric goniometer stage, three dimensional reconstruction procedures are available (l). If the specimens, such as small protein aggregates, lack periodicity, direct space methods compete favorably in ease of implementation with reconstruction by the Fourier (transform) space approach (2). Regardless of method, reconstruction is possible because useful specimen thicknesses are always much less than the depth of field in an electron microscope. Thus electron images record the amount of stain in columns of the object normal to the recording plates. For single particles, practical considerations dictate that the specimen be tilted precisely about a single axis. In so doing a reconstructed image is achieved serially from two-dimensional sections which in turn are generated by a series of back-to-front lines of projection data.

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

The Three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated nudaurelia capensis β virus

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
N. H. Olson ◽  
T. S. Baker ◽  
Wu Bo Mu ◽  
J. E. Johnson ◽  
D. A. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Nudaurelia capensis β virus (NβV) is an RNA virus of the South African Pine Emperor moth, Nudaurelia cytherea capensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The NβV capsid is a T = 4 icosahedron that contains 60T = 240 subunits of the coat protein (Mr = 61,000). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the NβV capsid was previously computed from visions embedded in negative stain suspended over holes in a carbon film. We have re-examined the three-dimensional structure of NβV, using cryo-microscopy to examine the native, unstained structure of the virion and to provide a initial phasing model for high-resolution x-ray crystallographic studiesNβV was purified and prepared for cryo-microscopy as described. Micrographs were recorded ∼1 - 2 μm underfocus at a magnification of 49,000X with a total electron dose of about 1800 e-/nm2.

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