Chapter-76 Echocardiographic Evaluation for Acquired Heart Diseases in Childhood

Pulmonary haemodynamic status has got significant clinical and prognostic significance both in structural and nonstructural heart diseases. But diagnostic accuracy depends on much care in evaluation and logical correlation of different echocardiographic parameters. Though the Doppler studies play crucial role in estimating Pulmonary haemodynamics, careful observation of 2-D measurements of different structures as well as RV systolic and diastolic function are vital issues to be addressed and correlated for diagnostic accuracy. Tricuspid Valve, RVOT and Pulmonary valve pathologies also demand vivid correlation while estimating PA pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. Mere presence of elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure is not enough to define pulmonary hypertension (PH). Before declaring a patient having PH a comprehensive evaluation of right heart haemodynamics is to be performed carefully to avoid unnecessary cardiac catheterization or to avoid inadvertent initiation of PH therapy. Cardiovasc. j. 2021; 13(2): 200-216

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Pattern And Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease By Echocardiographic Evaluation

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v3i3.26120 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 45-46

Author(s):

RK Shah ◽

AB Upadhayaya ◽

LP Tibrewala ◽

PR Regmi ◽

KP Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Natural History ◽

Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽

Cardiac Disease ◽

Large Study ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽

The World ◽

Rheumatic Heart

The pattern of cardiac disease differs from one region of the world to that of another. Rheumatic heart disease is still widely prevalent in Nepal. The patterns and natural history is considerably different from what is seen in developed countries. Few studies had been done in Nepal to address pattern of heart diseases. Need of a large study to fill the gap and to show the profile of heart disease is there. This paper aims at providing the profile of heart disease as seen in Bir Hospital.

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Structural Heart Diseases during Pregnancy: Part 1—Valvular Heart Diseases

Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676549 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 03 (02/03) ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Amar Patnaik

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Valvular Heart Disease ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Medical Science ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Team Approach ◽

Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽

Valvular Heart Diseases

AbstractIt is estimated that about 3% pregnancies can have cardiac disease. There is wide variation in the spectrum of heart diseases. Pregnant women in India and other developing countries continue to show high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Pre-conception counseling based on a good echocardiographic evaluation is the most cost-effective method to prevent morbidity and mortality due to valvular heart disease. With advances in medical science, many with valvular heart disease are living to adulthood and undergoing successful pregnancy. Symptoms of a pregnant woman with a valvular disease depend on the altered hemodynamics of the specific valvular lesion in combination with the physiologic changes inherent to the pregnancy itself. A good echocardiographic evaluation of all pregnant women on their first visit to an obstetrician’s office is an effective strategy to prevent morbidity and mortality from valvular heart diseases. In general, the regurgitant lesions are well tolerated during pregnancy and labor. Asymptomatic but significant valve lesions can be decompensated by many factors. Severely stenosed mitral and, sometimes, aortic valve may have to be balloon-dilated by trained experts in midterm taking due care to avoid excess radiation. Valve surgery is rarely performed in absence of any other safer option. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to manage a pregnant woman with significant cardiac lesion with high-risk features and patients having mechanical valves that require continuous anticoagulation.

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Echocardiographic Evaluation in Neonates with Heart Murmurs

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1612614 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 081-085 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azam Mohsenzadeh ◽

Maryam Soleimaninejad ◽

Shokoufeh Ahmadipour

Keyword(s):

Septal Defect ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Pulmonary Stenosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Unit ◽

Heart Murmur ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Echocardiographic Evaluation

AbstractAuscultation of the heart is one of the most important tools of physical examination in neonates, which is very helpful in the diagnosis or rejection of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of heart murmur in neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the period of 18 months on neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit whose heart murmur, diagnosed through examination, and echocardiography was conducted to investigate the existence of CHD. In 62.1% of the cases, murmuring was auscultated within the first week after birth. Among 172 neonates with heart murmur, 25 subjects (14.5%) had normal echocardiogram, and others had abnormal echocardiogram in which ventricular septal defect (31.4%) was the most common CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (23.3%) was the second common CHD found. Other defects were atrial septal defect, persistent foramen ovale, pulmonary stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation. Among the neonates with CHD, 55 subjects were females and 92 cases were males. There was CHD history in previous siblings in 10 cases. In 73 neonates with CHD, the mother had not taken folic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 14.5% of the hospitalized neonates suffered from innocent murmur, and the rest with heart murmur had abnormal echocardiography and suffered from CHD (85.5%). Heart murmur in neonates could be a symptom of CHD, and timely echocardiography is very important in diagnosing the type of disease.

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Studies on Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry of Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158820 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 256-257

Author(s):

Xia Mingyu ◽

Ma Wengshu ◽

Wu Xiangh ◽

Chen Dong

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Myocardial Biopsy ◽

Morphological Assessment ◽

Rheumatic Heart

This paper describes morphological and cytochemistry changes of endomyocardial biopsy in 94 patients. The samples of myoicardium were taken from 32 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and sdudied with light and electron microscop. The cytochemical studies in some of these patients were performed at histological and ultrastructure level. This paper also reported the result of myocardial biopsy in 33 patients with serious dysrythmia.The result of this controlled study indicates that morphological assessment in both cardiomyopathy and congenital or rheumatic heart diseases showed no special changes. In patients of dilated cardiomyopathy, the decreased activity of myosin ATPase was secondary to cardial failure. The change of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHase) was not significant with light microscopy. But ultrastructural localization of SDHase activity is valuable. Its activity was found to be localized in endomembrane and ridge of the mitochondria, the activity of this enzyme was decrease, normal, or increase. SDHase activity was more intense in cardial myocytes well-functioning, or ultrastructurally well preserved hearts.

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