Emergency management policies and natural hazards in the United States: A state-level analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Luis M. Pinet-Peralta, PhD ◽  
Rick Bissell, PhD ◽  
Katrina Hein, BSc, MSc ◽  
David Prakash, MSc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Response And Recovery

Every year, natural hazards kill and injure hundreds of people and also have significant social, economic, and political effects on society. However, not all disasters or crises are the focus of state, regional, or national efforts to mitigate their effects. In this article, the authors use Wilson’s policy typology to describe the unintended consequences that disaster legislation has had on the distribution of costs and benefits of disaster relief programs in the United States. The data provide evidence that the concentration of disaster relief programs for natural disasters is not based on need and that interest groups commonly drive disaster policies to benefit those with the greatest risk for losses rather than those in greatest need. Policymakers can use this information to examine both intended and unintended consequences of disaster response and recovery policies and can orient the limited resources available toward those who are least capable of recovering from natural disasters.

U.S. Floods

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Cigler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
State And Local

Floods are the costliest natural hazard events in the United States in terms of lives and property losses. The financial costs of flood disasters are unsustainable, especially for the national government, which assumes the most costs while state and local governments have the greatest ability to avoid great losses due to their influence over land use, economic policy, and other areas that can help mitigate floods and reduce the high costs of relief and recovery. This article summarizes the types, causes, and occurrence of floods in the United States and their unsustainable economic and social costs. It explains that the growing burden to taxpayers from disaster response and recovery has resulted in increased interest by national decision makers in shifting more disaster responsibilities and costs to state and local governments. The article reviews the broad tool kit of mitigation strategies available to local governments and their residents in taking greater responsibility for the impacts of flood events.

National Drought Mitigation Center for the forty-eight contiguous states in the United States demon­ strated that severe and extreme drought affected more than 25 per cent of the country in twenty-seven o of ft7h5e0p ,0 a 0 st 0omnie2h (1 u , n9d4r2e , d50y0 ea k rs m . 2 T ) h o is rrm ep orrees . ents an area con D tr raosutg to htf lo s o el ddso , m hu rrre ic su an lt ess , inansdtrtuoc rn tu ardaol es d . a m Fo argteh , e s in e reasons, the quantification of impacts and the pro­ vision of disaster relief are far more difficult tasks for A fif lttyho ye uagrhsaT go an , n c ehill’s book was written m drought than they are for other natural hazards. recognising the li omnasteotloogf ists continue to strug o g re le twhiatnhtEommeerdgetnocydem al a in ngagweirtsh , ifm or paecxtasm th p a le t , ar aerestm ru ocrteu ra alccaunsd ­ p cr oiltiecry ia ) m fo ak redresclcaor ntinue tdor ou d g eb hat te a nd th e sc ie bnatsiissts (i a . ned ., lcoocm al m ise udn , i ca re ti sopno nd an in dgttroa ns th peosre ta t e io v n en ts c ha bnynerless , to p ri rnog ­ acc Second, the ab in se gnacneeonfdatopraecdirsoeugahntd . universally vdird in in k g in gemwear te gre , nacnydm so edfiocratlh . s T up h p es li eesc , ha ernascu te r r in is g ti cs sao fe f a it bsoeupttewdh definition of drought adds to the confusion drought have hindered the development of accurate, mu dsetgb re eeeotf her or reg s io ev nerai ty n . oRtneaald is rto ic uag lly h , tdeexfiisntistiaonnds , oiffd it roduogehst , a re nld ia , bl uel , tiamnadtetliym , el tyhee st fiom rm ate u s la o ti fon se voefr it dyraonudgh im tpcaocn ts ­ T th haitshiasvoenbeeeenxpdle an d at iaopnplfiocrattihoens ( coor re im spoafcdt) efsipne it ciio fi ncs . ting Heanzcayrd pl aenvsenbtysm ha ovsetbgeoevnerrnam nk eend ts b . y Bryant (1991) faincaalty io se ndsm tud o y re , th vaenl op 1e5d0 . W de iflihniitte io annsdiGn la th n e tz ir (1 c 9 la 8 ss 5 i ) ­ roannk th in egb is assiusmomftah ri esierdcihnarTaacb te le ri s1t . i1c . sKaenydhiamzp ar adctcsh . aTrh ac is ­ ddeeffiinne it idornosug are annudmemraonuys , mmoarney ex diost. noAtl th ad oeuqguhatteh ly etoefritsh ti ecsdu eg se re defoorftsheivsee ri v ty al , ulaetn io g n th inocf lu edveenatn , e to xtparlesasrieoanlp ar oel ic a y rb m i akers h . t T in hemteharneisnhgofludlstefromrsde fo cl ras ri c n ie gntd is rtosuagnhdteefxfteecn ts t, , tlootnagl -l toesrsm of im li p fe a , ctt , otsauldedceonnnoem ss i , calnod ss , oscoccu ia r­ lteox am sp pelceitfriacryim in pam ct o s st inc as keesy (i e . ceo ., ntohm ey ic ar seecn to orts ) l . i nk FeodrA re lntcheouogfhatshseocriaattiendgshoafzatrhdesvfao ri rou th s ir htayz -a orndesihnazTaarbdlse . pmeor cent , owfnho at r m is atlhperesc ig ip niitfa ic ti aonnceovoefraatphe re ri sohdolodfo th fr7e5ep1r .1 ova id re essuabnjeicnttievge, rattheedoavsesreaslslm ra ennktiosfuh se afzualrdb ec cahuas ra eci ­ tsee spe nctihas ll yormmio sl reea ? d A in gdeffo in r i ti looncao ti fon th sisw ty it phewa ou st lrdonbgetBee ri csatu ic sseoafntdhetihne te nrse it lya , t io dnusrhaitp io s n , baen tw desepna tia hlaezxatredns. t s ty ta p as eos na olfcporm ob ploenm ent of annual precipitation. These of drought events and the magnitude of associated init n io d n in s g an odftthheelcsaocn are kceopft th beytrheo su c se lt f o or fmau la m ti insgunddeefr ­ ­ icm og pean ct t s , a d rg ruom ug ehntt , ra hnokwsevveerry , h th ig aht . t O ot naelc lo asnsmoafke li fe aaop th p e ly rtshce ie dne ti fsitnsito io rndiin sc a ip clt in oenssiw de il rlateivoenntguiavle ly n n to ee dhotwo associated with drought in this case is significantly assessments of impact in u m al uld ti rpoluegh ec tosn it oum ations (e.g., d ov ro e u rr gah te t d . isLo ra srseoifnl if meo th sattsies tt d in ir gesc . t ly T h as esorcain at keidngwib th yrderlo ie ufgphrtogdreacm la m ra e ti s o ) n . s or revocations for eli igcibsie li cttyortso , dBrroyuagnhtt. atT tr h ib is uitses in a lo pspsroopfr ia li tfeesb in ecceau th se eporfim fa a m ry inceautsoe spre Tahdi rd ov , er draoluag rg hetrigmepoagcrtaspha ic re a nonstruct of famine in recent decades has been civil war or that result from other natural haz laradrse . aFtohraneudraamla and political strife, both of which heighten vulnerability to recent analysis of drought occurrence by x th aemp ( lUeg , eassdS) fa yrsotu em ght. mine s . anDdrocu an ghbteeavesnitgsnid fi icsarnutptnaftouord al p tr riogdguecrtifoonr

Droughts ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Drought Mitigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Drought Occurrence

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

Dissent in the Atlantic World, 1787–1830

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Carté Engel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Church And State ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Population ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
General Role

The very term ‘Dissenter’ became problematic in the United States, following the passing of the First Amendment. The formal separation of Church and state embodied in the First Amendment was followed by the ending of state-level tax support for churches. None of the states established after 1792 had formal religious establishments. Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Methodists accounted for the majority of the American population both at the beginning and end of this period, but this simple fact masks an important compositional shift. While the denominations of Old Dissent declined relatively, Methodism grew quickly, representing a third of the population by 1850. Dissenters thus faced several different challenges. Primary among these were how to understand the idea of ‘denomination’ and also the more general role of institutional religion in a post-establishment society. Concerns about missions, and the positions of women and African Americans are best understood within this context.

The Oxford Handbook of Preservice Music Teacher Education in the United States

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Music Education ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Music Teacher Education ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
Song Writing ◽  
Faculty And Administrators

The Oxford Handbook of Preservice Music Teacher Education in the United States aims to work from within the profession of music teacher education to push the boundaries of P-12 music education. In this book, we will provide all of those working in music teacher education—music education faculty and administrators, music researchers, graduate students, department of education faculty and administrators, and state-level certification agencies—with research and promising practices for all areas of traditional preservice music teacher preparation. We define the areas of music teacher education as encompassing the more traditional structures, such as band, jazz band, marching band, orchestra, choir, musical theater, and elementary and secondary general music, as well as less common or newer areas: alternative string ensembles, guitar and song-writing, vernacular and popular music, early childhood music, and adult learners

scholarly journals Patterns and correlates of mis-implementation in state chronic disease public health practice in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Padek ◽  
Stephanie Mazzucca ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽  
Edward Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Effective Programs

Abstract Background Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones. Methods A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation. Results Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40). Conclusion The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.

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