scholarly journals Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Broad Policy ◽  
Precise Content ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Imf

This Technical Assistance report on Argentina sets out IMF staff’s views on a feasible macroeconomic framework that could underpin a debt restructuring operation that would restore debt sustainability with high probability. Given that the authorities are in the process of elaborating the precise content of their policy agenda, the feasible macroeconomic framework is anchored around the authorities’ broad policy announcements and predicated on the IMF staff’s view that a set of policies could be fully developed and implemented to render the macroeconomic framework achievable. However, there are important downside risks to the feasible macroeconomic framework, especially if the adverse global and domestic economic effects of the fast-moving COVID-19 pandemic are larger and more prolonged than assumed in this note. Economic conditions are rapidly worsening, and financial conditions are characterized by very high volatility. This greatly increases the uncertainty about the macroeconomic framework, with potential implications for the IMF staff’s assessment of debt sustainability.

Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kuna Tatar Sunda (Abad V –XVI)

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mumuh Muhsin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Export Crops ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fertile Land

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Tatar Sunda pada abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-16. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.  Hasil dari kajian ini adalah bahwa wilayah Tatar Sunda memiliki potensi ekonomi yang  sangat tinggi. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat faktor-faktor geografis. Tatar Sunda memiliki tanah yang sangat subur dan bisa ditanami oleh beragam jenis tanaman, termasuk tanaman ekspor yang sangat laku di pasar internasional. Di samping itu, wilayah Tatar Sunda pun cukup strategis karena memiliki banyak pelabuhan yang bisa dijadikan akses ke luar dan masuknya barang dan orang dari dalam dan luar Tatar Sunda.This article aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the Tatar Sunda community in the 5th to the 16th century.The method used is a historical method that includes four stages of work, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.The result of this study is that the Tatar Sunda region has very high economic potential.This is possible because of geographical factors. Tatar Sunda has very fertile land and can be planted by various types of plants, including export crops needed on the international market.In addition, the Tatar Sunda region is also quite strategic because it has many ports that could be used as access to the outside and the entry of goods and people from inside and outside the Tatar Sunda.    

Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 6 The Work of the International Monetary Fund and Its Possible Relevance to Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doussis Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

This chapter discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in global ocean governance. It first traces the history of the IMF, from its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944 to the late 1970s and beyond, and highlights the factors that have influenced its institutional development as well as its current institutional profile. It then describes the IMF’s membership, structure, main functions, and decision-making processes before analysing the possible input of the Fund to matters related to ocean governance. In particular, it considers the ways in which the IMF is involved in global ocean governance through its three main functions: economic surveillance, lending, and capacity building. Although the Fund has no direct relevance to global ocean governance, the chapter shows that the IMF may contribute to its improvement by providing technical assistance and policy advice, as well as a better interaction with other, more competent, international agencies.

The International Monetary Fund

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
High Regard ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Imf

One would not ordinarily think of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as of particular importance to the less developed countries. Nevertheless, in recent years the less developed coun-tries have come to have a very high regard for the IMF; and the IMF, in turn, has become the great defender of the interests of the less developed countries. This entente has evolved out of the course of events. In the current discussions on international monetary reform the IMF has be-come the spokesman for universal participation in reserve creation. This suits the institutional interests of the IMF. At the same time it makes the IMF the advocate of the interests of the less developed countries

THE EXAMPLE OF AN INEFFECTIVE CHANGE IN THE COMPANY IN TERMS OF THE HISTORY OF CAR COMMUNICATION ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Tomasz Budzik
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Environment Changes ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Changes ◽  
Document Examination ◽  
Very High

Today’s world can be characterized by very high volatility, which affects every sphere of business. Changes occur in both the enterprise and its environment. Changes that can be observed in the company’s environment are characterized by increased pace of production and they have impact on undisturbed operation of the company. Changes in the organization should be the intended and planned. The article presents the essence of change in the company and its surroundings. By using the metod of document examination, the author shows in details the history of Car Transport Enterprises, since their inception in the postwar years, is shown in details, through the influence of the political changes in Poland in the 1990s, up to the present.

Cross-Country Experience with Restructuring of Sovereign Debt and Restoring Debt Sustainability

Policy Papers ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Cross Country

The paper is organized as follows: Section II provides a cross-country overview of the economic conditions, including the composition of sovereign debt and its dynamics prevailing prior to the debt operations, and a discussion of the scope and outcomes—in terms of the debt relief provided by creditors—of the debt restructurings. Section III analyzes the debt profile, liquidity position, DSAs and accompanying stress tests, and an EWS to assess whether debt sustainability has been restored in each country case. Conclusions are set out in Section IV.

scholarly journals The IMF Debt Sustainability Analysis: Issues and Problems

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guzman ◽  
Daniel Heymann
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Yield Spreads ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Market Interest Rate ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
The Imf

AbstractThis paper reviews the IMF DSA (Debt Sustainability Analysis) framework. We first examine the concept of debt sustainability, and argue that the evaluation exercise necessarily entails putting into question market expectations embodied in yield spreads. When the views of the analyst on the capacity of debt repayment differ from the ones reflected in market interest rate premiums, the use of market interest rates for assessing debt sustainability leads to an inconsistency that will in turn bias the assessment. We then show that IMF projections for assessing debt sustainability have been repeatedly biased, which may have contributed to distort the timing of sovereign debt restructurings and the consequent processes of renegotiation. We conclude with a discussion on how the existing DSA framework could be improved.

scholarly journals Djibouti

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (234) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Financial Soundness ◽  
The Imf

In response to a request of the Central Bank of Djibouti (CBD), a mission from the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) Statistics Department (STA) visited Djibouti during March 4-11, 2018, to provide technical assistance (TA) on the financial soundness indicators (FSIs). The main objectives of the mission were to: (1) ensure that the source data were adequate for the compilation of the FSIs; (2) assist the CBD in the compilation of the FSIs on the basis of the international standards set out in the IMF’s Financial Soundness Indicators Compilation Guide (FSI Guide); (3) guide the staff of the CBD in the preparation of the FSI metadata in line with the IMF metadata forms; and (4) agree with the Banking Supervision Unit (BSU) on an action plan for the production of the FSIs and their regular reporting to STA.

Ukrainian cabinet faces tough economic conditions

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Public Approval ◽  
The Imf

Subject The economic challenges facing the Ukrainian government. Significance Ukraine's new prime minister, Volodymyr Groisman, must manage competing demands, domestic and external. External lenders, principally the IMF, are pressing him to carry out overdue reforms that are likely to bring pain to the average Ukrainian hoping for swift improvements in living standards. As well as the ongoing conflict in the east, structural problems are constraining growth. Impacts A resumption in IMF payments will help the balance of payments and work towards currency stability. Slow and patchy recovery is unlikely to translate into higher wages and incomes. The Groisman government is unlikely to win public approval if conditions improve. Its survival will be at risk if there is no discernable change for the better.

scholarly journals Economic Effects on Million Dollar Giving

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una O. Osili ◽  
Jacqueline Ackerman ◽  
Yannan Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Corporate Giving ◽  
Human Services Organizations ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of economic conditions on the number of charitable gifts of 1 million dollars or more within the United States using the Million Dollar List (MDL) data set. We investigate key donor types—individuals, corporations, and foundations—using quarterly data. Results indicate that individual donors are significantly responsive to underlying economic conditions, foundation giving tends to be countercyclical, and corporate giving is less closely linked with aggregate macroeconomic conditions. We also find that economic conditions vary in their influence on million dollar giving to subsectors, and gifts to public benefit and human services organizations increase significantly during periods of recession, holding other factors constant. In contrast, million dollar giving to arts and education organizations is significantly associated with favorable economic conditions, holding other factors constant. Findings have direct implications for philanthropists, fundraisers, and policy makers as they seek to understand how economic conditions affect large gifts.

Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kuna Tatar Sunda (Abad V –XVI)

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mumuh Muhsin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Export Crops ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fertile Land

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Tatar Sunda pada abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-16. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.  Hasil dari kajian ini adalah bahwa wilayah Tatar Sunda memiliki potensi ekonomi yang  sangat tinggi. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat faktor-faktor geografis. Tatar Sunda memiliki tanah yang sangat subur dan bisa ditanami oleh beragam jenis tanaman, termasuk tanaman ekspor yang sangat laku di pasar internasional. Di samping itu, wilayah Tatar Sunda pun cukup strategis karena memiliki banyak pelabuhan yang bisa dijadikan akses ke luar dan masuknya barang dan orang dari dalam dan luar Tatar Sunda.This article aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the Tatar Sunda community in the 5th to the 16th century.The method used is a historical method that includes four stages of work, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.The result of this study is that the Tatar Sunda region has very high economic potential.This is possible because of geographical factors. Tatar Sunda has very fertile land and can be planted by various types of plants, including export crops needed on the international market.In addition, the Tatar Sunda region is also quite strategic because it has many ports that could be used as access to the outside and the entry of goods and people from inside and outside the Tatar Sunda.    

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