Sparen voor eerder

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Haan ◽  
Janneke Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
The Life Course

Saving for prior times. The Dutch life course scheme and the balance between work and care Saving for prior times. The Dutch life course scheme and the balance between work and care This research note focuses on the contribution of the new Dutch life course scheme to the reconciliation of work and private life. It appears that an average worker has to save approximately 3% of their net income, for a period of 9 years, in order to finance a period of part-time parental leave for 10 month. Given the fact that the savings are not transferable, it seems impossible to finance a second period of level by the same parent, for example after the birth of a second child. It also appears that taking leave is relatively expensive in comparison to the use of child care services. The life course scheme does not guarantee a right to leave beyond the statutory rights either. The conclusion therefore should be that the life course scheme only offers limited support when it comes to the reconciliation of work and care. The strong elements of this 'saving for care' system, allowing for diversity and personal responsibility, seem only useful if the life course scheme is offered in addition to and as a supplement of a collective arrangement.

Depression, Work and Family Roles, and the Gendered Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Leupp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Work And Family Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Despite the importance of employment for shaping mental health over the life course, little is known about how the mental health benefits of employment change as individuals age through their prime employment and child-rearing years. This study examines the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort ( N = 8,931), following respondents from their late 20s to mid-50s. Results suggest that among women, the aging of children is especially salient for shaping the mental health consequences of employment. Young children diminish the protective effect of mothers’ full- and part-time employment, but the salubrious effects of paid work increase as children get older. The benefit of employment for men’s mental health also changes over time, but it is the aging of men themselves rather than their children that alters the magnitude of full-time employment’s protective effect. Findings suggest the contribution of employment to life course mental health remains tethered to traditional gender roles.

scholarly journals Family policies’ long-term effects on poverty: a comparative analysis of single and partnered mothers

2022 ◽  
pp. 095892872110356
Author(s):  
Hannah Zagel ◽  
Wim Van Lancker
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Child Benefits ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

This study investigates whether generous family policies at the transition to parenthood reduce single and partnered mothers’ economic disadvantages later in the life course. Previous research usually focused on the immediate effects of family policies and disregards potential longer-term effects. In this study, we suggest taking a life-course perspective to study the relationships between family policy and mothers’ poverty risks. We empirically investigate how investment in child benefits, childcare services and parental leave measures at the transition to parenthood are associated with poverty outcomes at later life stages and whether these associations hold over time. We draw on pooled EU-SILC data, and an original policy dataset based on OECD expenditure data for child benefits, childcare and parental leave from 1994 to 2015. We find that mothers’ observed increase in poverty over time is slower in countries with high levels of spending for childcare at the transition to parenthood than in lower spending countries. The gap between partnered and single mothers was also diminishing in contexts of high childcare expenditure. For the other two policies, we did not find these links. These results do lend support to the claim that childcare is a prime example of a social investment policy with returns later in the life course and represents a life-course policy that seems to be able to disrupt economic path dependencies. The results for the other two policies suggest, however, a limited potential of family policy spending at transition to parenthood to reduce the poverty gap between partnered and single mothers over the course of life.

scholarly journals Kobiety na szwedzkim rynku pracy - uwarunkowania wysokiej aktywności zawodowej i wyzwania na przyszłość

2015 ◽  
pp. 193-225
Author(s):  
Hanna Kądziela
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Of Women

For many years Sweden remained a world leader in the employment of women, regardless of their age and responsibilities associated with raising children or caring for the elderly. This article analyses three groups of factors that influence the effectiveness of the Swedish policy in this regard: 1) strategic, i.e. the consistent and coherent policy on equal opportunities for women and men and the reconciliation of work and private life, 2) cultural attitudes and preferences that shape the behaviour of individuals in the family and on the labour market, and 3) institutional, particularly care of dependent persons. The picture would be incomplete, however, without looking at the problems remaining to be solved in such areas as high proportion of women in part-time work, the pay gap or insufficient interest of men in using parental leave.

scholarly journals Flexicurity in a life-course perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Klammer
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Main Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Life Course

This article extends the analysis of flexicurity to take account of the life-course perspective; in the international flexicurity debate such an approach has so far not been systematically taken. The article focuses on the question of what options will be needed for time allocation in different phases of life and over the whole life of an individual, and what financial resources could be combined to finance those phases. The first section discusses methodological and conceptual issues related to flexicurity and the life course. In the second section, longitudinal data from Germany is presented to illustrate some of the relevant patterns of, and changes within, life courses. The third and main section deals with policy implications. Four crucial objectives of a flexicurity policy based on a life-course approach are identified, and a range of options to improve flexibility and security over the lifetime are discussed. These options include measures to increase time sovereignty, subsidised part-time schemes for care and lifelong learning, the use of accumulated pension savings to finance other activities during the course of working life, and the role of minimum provision in social security schemes.

scholarly journals Families' Employment and Childcare Arrangements

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Podmore
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated parents' experiences and their views on labour force participation, child care arrangements, and parental leave policies. Participants were 60 families with five-year-old children, selected randomly from 14 schools in the greater Wellington region. This paper focuses on parents' employment experiences, with some reference to parental leave. Many mothers had participated in part-time paid work, and the percentage in full-time paid work increased to 19% by the year the children were four to five years of age. Each year from the child's birth up until school entry, over a third of the fathers were working 50 hours or more per week. A high incidence of participation in the early childhood education and care services was evident. There was a relatively low uptake of parental leave among mother and fathers who were in the paid workforce the year the children were born. Some of the main themes addressed in this paper are: diversity and change, the need for flexibility in workplaces, the impact of long hours of paid work on families, financial constraints, and gender roles.

scholarly journals A Life Course Perspective on Growing Older With Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973232097124
Author(s):  
Amanda Carroll ◽  
Dara Chan ◽  
Deborah Thorpe ◽  
Ilana Levin ◽  
Nancy Bagatell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Life Course

Despite most children with cerebral palsy (CP) now living within typical life spans, little is known about how the effects of CP unfold across the life course and impact participation in everyday life during adulthood. In this study, we explored the experiences of 38 adults growing older with CP. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews focused on participants’ engagement in activities in their community and analyzed using a life course perspective to deepen our understanding of the experiences of our participants. We found that individual agency, family and social contexts, as well as larger sociocultural contexts all shaped participants’ experiences as they grew older. The findings highlight the usefulness of the life course perspective for understanding how the effects of a diagnosis of CP unfold over time. Further use of this perspective can better inform health care services to meet the needs of adults with CP aging with a lifelong disability.

Patterns of grandparental child care across Europe: the role of the policy context and working mothers' need

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA BORDONE ◽  
BRUNO ARPINO ◽  
ARNSTEIN AASSVE
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Provide Child Care ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Child Care Services

ABSTRACTAcross Europe grandparents play very different roles. This paper studies to what extent grandparents' role as providers of child care relates to the country policy context, focusing on public child-care services and parental leave regulation, and to the availability of part-time jobs for women. We also explore whether mothers' needs to combine family and work differently influence the frequency of grandparental child care across countries. The analysis combines micro-data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and macro-indicators from the Multilinks database and Eurostat. We find a clear association between policy context and frequency of grandparental child care. Three models emerge. In countries close to the familialism by default model (i.e. characterised by scarce public child-care services and parental leave), when grandparents provide child care they often do it daily. In countries characterised by defamilialisation and supported familialism policies (with generous public services and parental leave) grandparents take on a marginal role. An intermediate model emerges in countries characterised by a limited offer of child care or parental leave, where grandparental child care complements state support and tends to be offered on a weekly basis. Our analysis corroborates the idea that the highly intensive involvement of grandparents in countries with low availability of part-time jobs for women is influenced by the need (unmet by the welfare) of mothers to combine work and family.

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