Langs lijnen van geleidelijkheid

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van den Tillaart ◽  
Jan Heijink ◽  
John Warmerdam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Countervailing Power ◽  
Works Council ◽  
High Level

Going forward step by step: The development of worker participation in Works Councils Based on empirical research we describe in this contribution the development of the Works Council in the Netherlands during the past decennia. The Works Council was introduced by law in 1950 as an important institution for worker participation at company level and research demonstrates that nowadays it occupies a solid position in the Dutch system of labor relations. Most companies actually have established a Works Council, according to the legal obligations. Most employees have the opinion that the Works Council is an important channel for the promotion of their interests. Works Councils ánd employers generally are positive about the functioning of the Works Council in this sense and perceive a growing influence of worker participation in their companies' policy, in particular in decisions regarding the companies' social regulations and working conditions. Important preconditions for this generally positive development are the level of competence and experience of Works Councils' members, the improved relationships with employers, that provide more opportunities for early involvement in decision making, and the stronger embedment of Works Councils in the organization as a whole. On this last point, however, still further improvements are possible, for instance through more direct involvement of the employees themselves in specific Works Councils' tasks. Such a specific involvement could tackle at the same time the problem that animosity for fulltime Works Council candidacy is rather low. Another point of attention is that due to its early involvement in decision making the Works Council runs the risk of loosing too much of its controlling power on behalf of employees, balancing the power of the employers. It is this double role as a sparring partner of management and as a countervailing power in the organization that provides a really challenging task for Works Councils, which requires a high level of competence of its members and a sound embedment among the employees.

Careless whispers: confidentiality and board-level worker representatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-697
Author(s):  
Valentina Franca ◽  
Michael Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Board Member ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
Works Council ◽  
Board Level

PurposeThe article focuses on the role that ‘confidential information’ plays in relation to the work of board-level worker representatives, and their interaction with other worker participation mechanisms. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to explore the implications of confidentiality of board-level information for effective worker participation. The main argument is that if board-level worker representatives are excessively constrained by confidentiality provisions, their capacity to work effectively is brought into question.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research was undertaken on a sample of 12 public limited companies in Slovenia. In each company, three interviews were conducted: with the CEO or board member, with a board-level worker representative and with a works councilor, who was not a board-level worker representative (36 interviews in total). Each of these interviewees has a particular role, and interest, in handling confidential information. Thus, a method of triangulation by groups was employed. The interviews were conducted at the company premises during October and November 2017. The results were analysed by the content analysis method.FindingsThis research confirms that in the majority of companies, nearly all of the material and information discussed by the board is deemed to be ‘confidential’. Consequently, communication between board-level worker representatives and the works council is rendered difficult, if not impossible. The results indicate an urgent need to redefine the concept of confidentiality and to reinforce the level of communication between management boards and works councils.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to one country, which, by no means, is fatal, as international comparisons, although of greater breadth, often lose some depth of analysis (especially, for example, where there are differences in legal contexts). Although the issues discussed in the paper are of relevance to all those with an interest in worker participation mechanisms, they cannot be generalised mostly due to national specificities.Originality/valueThe question of confidentiality as between the board, board-level worker representatives, works councils, trade unions and other form of worker representation, despite its importance, has been raised quite rarely in research. In this research, three groups of stakeholders (CEO/board member, board-level workers representative and works council members) have been covered, with the aim to extend the understanding of how confidentiality obligations impact relationships between these.

scholarly journals Sex difference in the weighting of expected uncertainty under chronic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Lei ◽  
Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Kosuke Hagiwara ◽  
Masako Hirotsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe neurobiological literature implicates chronic stress induced decision-making deficits as a major contributor to depression and anxiety. Given that females are twice as likely to suffer from these disorders, we hypothesized the existence of sex difference in the effects of chronic stress on decision-making. Here employing a decision-making paradigm that relies on reinforcement learning of probabilistic predictive relationships, we show female volunteers with a high level of perceived stress in the past month are more likely to make suboptimal choices than males. Computational characterizations of this sex difference suggest that while under high stress, females and males differ in their weighting but not learning of the expected uncertainty in the predictive relationships. These findings provide a mechanistic account of the sex difference in decision-making under chronic stress and may have important implications for the epidemiology of sex difference in depression and anxiety.

Online Resources Chapter A: Information, Consultation, Participation, and Insolvency

2020 ◽  
pp. 841-842
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Uk

This chapter evaluates the degree to which employment law facilitates worker participation in corporate decision-making and confers rights upon workers to be informed and consulted about developments in their employer’s business and strategic operations, at both cross-border and national levels. The chapter presents arguments advanced in favour of worker participation, before going on to note how the scope of application of workers’ rights of participation, information, and consultation has expanded over the years—partially in response to the decline in collective bargaining and the power of the trade unions in the UK over the past 40 years or so. Finally, the rights of employees where their employer becomes insolvent or enters into an ...

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING TO PROTECT REFUGEES: WHAT, WHY AND HOW?

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dowd ◽  
Jane McAdam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWhile countries that receive refugees have certain legal obligations to assist and protect them, the legal duties of other States to step in and help relieve this burden is less clear. Despite multiple proposals, a mechanism to systematically, equitably and predictably allocate responsibilities between States at a global level has still not been agreed. The UN's High-Level Summit on Addressing Large Movements of Refugees on 19 September 2016 held some promise in this regard, but the resulting New York Declaration was more muted than earlier drafts. This article seeks to provide a unique insight into the meaning of responsibility-sharing and international cooperation from the perspective of individual States. It does so by examining statements they have made at various UN fora over the past decade. It focuses on the two main methods of sharing responsibilities, namely the provision of financial and other assistance to host countries, and the admission of refugees. It then considers the extent to which States perceive responsibility-sharing to be a legal obligation, as opposed to a voluntary undertaking, and analyses this in light of expert opinion. Finally, it discusses the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, a concept drawn from international environmental law, and considers whether and how it might apply in the international refugee law context.

Online Resources Chapter A: Information, consultation, participation, and insolvency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Uk

This chapter evaluates the degree to which employment law facilitates worker participation in corporate decision-making and confers rights upon workers to be informed and consulted about developments in their employer’s business and strategic operations, at both cross-border and national levels. The chapter presents arguments advanced in favour of worker participation, before going on to note how the scope of application of workers’ rights of participation, information, and consultation has expanded over the years—partially in response to the decline in collective bargaining and the power of the trade unions in the UK over the past 40 years or so. Finally, the rights of employees where their employer becomes insolvent or enters into an ...

scholarly journals Gender-Role Stereotypes: Perception of Tunisian Leaders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Hanen Khanche ◽  
Karim Ben Kahla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Career Model ◽  
Works Council ◽  
High Level

The objective of this paper is to report on the problem of the glass ceiling in Tunisian companies. First, by recalling on the basis of statistical findings the situation of women at work, and then highlighting the main results of the surveys carried out in Tunisia on the question, and finally by highlighting some prospects for the strategies envisaged to go beyond The glass ceiling.While organizations are places of meritocratic recognition in which more and more women graduate into skilled occupations, they are also places where informal, often unequal power relationships are built that determine access to decision-making positions. Women are becoming increasingly scarce as they rise in the hierarchy and remain a minority in high-level decision-making and accountability positions. They have less access to hierarchical positions (Ben Hassine, 2007). They are often limited to administrative or relational activities (Gadéa, 2003). Thus, in the private sector, out of 30 large Tunisian companies, only 4 of them have a woman on their works council (GIZ, 2013).The identification of the different factors involved in the glass ceiling also raises questions about the behaviors and strategies developed in the context of organizational contexts reproducing the male career model, as well as the diversity of these behaviors. This study also allows us to consider changes and strategies of change in career development and women's access to decision-making positions that will push the boundaries.

scholarly journals Works council effectiveness in subsidiaries of MNCs during reorganizations: Case study evidence from the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraï Sapulete ◽  
Annette van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Works Council ◽  
Informal Relations ◽  
Management Attitude

Internationalization of organizations has been a threat for (national) industrial relations. This study compares three cases to test the influence of works councils on decision-making in multinational companies (MNCs), going through reorganizations. The authors argue it is important to take account of internal factors in the subsidiary, namely the power capabilities and interests of the actors involved. They study these by looking at the network partners of works councils and aligned interests of local management and works council. The findings show that aligned interests form an important prerequisite for positive management attitude, trust and informal relations, positively affecting reorganizations in subsidiaries of MNCs.

Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides ◽  
C.J. Hourdakis ◽  
C. Pafilis ◽  
G. Simantirakis ◽  
P. Tritakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

Decision making power of college girls in relation to clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

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