‘Female Martyrdom Operations’

Martyrdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Saloul
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Palestinian Society ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Military ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Women's Political Participation

Ihab Saloul investigates the phenomenon of ‘female martyrdom operations’ in relation to the issue of women’s agency in society, particularly women’s political participation and gender roles in contemporary Palestinian society. In the context of the conservative social climate promoted by the Islamists through their emphasis on the religious rather than the nationalist dimensions of martyrdom operations, female martyrs had nationalist motivations and aimed at restoring their position as politically active participants in Palestinian society. Three operations in 2002 (Wafa Idris, Dareen Abu Aysheh and Ayat Al Akhras) managed to open up new spaces for women’s participation on the nationalist front and women were indeed accepted as active participants in the military struggle. On a religious level, these three female martyrdom operations represented a significant challenge to the interpreted religious notions of women’s political participation in relation to contemporary Islamic discourse of martyrdom and warfare. A fourth operation (Hanadi Jaradat, 2003) was carried out on behalf of the Islamic Jihad Movement, which justified her operation also from a religious point of view.

Perempuan dalam Kungkungan Budaya Politik Patriarkhis

MUWAZAH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Nurbaity Prastyananda Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Cultural Reconstruction ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women's Networks ◽  
Women's Political Participation

Women's political participation in Indonesia can be categorized as low, even though the government has provided special policies for women. Patriarchal political culture is a major obstacle in increasing women's political participation, because it builds perceptions that women are inappropriate, unsuitable and unfit to engage in the political domain. The notion that women are more appropriate in the domestic area; identified politics are masculine, so women are not suitable for acting in the political domain; Weak women and not having the ability to become leaders, are the result of the construction of a patriarchal political culture. Efforts must be doing to increase women's participation, i.e: women's political awareness, gender-based political education; building and strengthening relationships between women's networks and organizations; attract qualified women  political party cadres; cultural reconstruction and reinterpretation of religious understanding that is gender biased; movement to change the organizational structure of political parties and; the implementation of legislation effectively.

Gender and Politics in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Steel ◽  
Sherry Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Political Participation

This article argues that Japan, a wealthy, secular country with a highly educated population, provides an important counterweight to assumptions about modernization and gender. The authors outline the ways in which gender inequality was a cornerstone of Japan’s economic development. This still has ramifications today for women’s political participation and representation, and for the quality of Japan’s democracy.

Quotas and Gender Gaps in Political Participation among Established Industrial European Democracies: Distinguishing Within- and Across-Country Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Values ◽  
And Gender

This paper proposes to investigate the influence of legislative quotas on gender differences in political participation by analyzing the within- and across-country effects of quotas. Gender quotas can signal to women that their presence in politics is welcome, leading to a subsequent increase in their involvement in political activities. This change in political behavior should not be reproduced in men; thus, when gender quotas are present, the gap between men’s and women’s participation narrows. Using the European Values Survey and data from eighteen European democracies, this paper demonstrates that this indeed occurs for some political activities when gender gaps are compared before and after the introduction of quotas within countries. This result, however, is not replicated for across-country analyses. European countries without legislative gender quotas tend to have smaller gender gaps than countries with them. This result is explained by referring to the context of the adoption of gender quotas.

scholarly journals Increasing Women’s Political Participation in Lebanon: Reflections on Hurdles, Opportunities and Hope

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Tanya Henderson ◽  
Camille Nelson ◽  
Zeina Chemali
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
National Parliament ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women's Political Participation

Lebanon stands out in the Middle East for its relative political openness, religious freedom, and the academic and professional achievements of Lebanese women. Yet, paradoxically, it has one of the lowest rates of women’s political participation in the region. This paper is the result of an initiative undertaken by the Lebanese government in July 2012 to increase women’s political participation. Through this initiative, sex-segregated workshops on women’s political empowerment were held for male and female representatives of Lebanon’s political parties. The goal was to start a productive conversation that would ultimately lead to progress from the 2012 status quo of women constituting only three percent of the National Parliament of Lebanon. In this paper, we will describe the process and content explored during the women’s political empowerment workshops. Opportunities to affect change of the current level of women’s participation will be highlighted and conclusions will be drawn to aid similar initiatives.

Women’s Political Participation in the Province of Batangas

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Rosario B. Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Party Support ◽  
Women's Political Participation

The study focused on women’s participation in electoral politics in the province of Batangas, their priority programs, the factors that impede their participation and the platform for action that Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas can propose to help increase women’s political participation in the province. Descriptive-correlational method was employed utilizing convenient sampling. Survey questionnaire and interview was utilized in data gathering. Respondents of the study are women politicians who won in the 2007 local election. Findings revealed that majority of women politician’s priority is health. They were recruited by political parties and their political experience is by being councilors in their respective areas. They believe that support of the community, family and personality are the factors for winning. Lack of financial resources and the type of electoral system as well as the lack of quota reservations are the socio-economic factors that impede women’s participation. On the other hand, the cultural and institutional factors include lack of party support including money and other resources and the lack of coordination and support from women’s organization and other NGO’s, how women are portrayed in media is believe to be the ideological and psychological factors that impede women’s participation in politics.   Keywords - feminism, politics, election

scholarly journals „Dumna dziewczyna w bieli"

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Agata Włodkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Power Change ◽  
Women's Political Participation

The article is part of the discussion on women’s political participation, their involvement in social movements and protests which are concentrated on the power shift and democratisation of the political system. The text focuses on the case study of Belarusian women’s participation in anti-regime and pro-democracy protests following the rigged presidential election of 9 August 2020.The aim of the article is to answer questions about the reasons for women’s involvement in the 2020 protests in Belarus and the methods of action used by them. The article also analyses the differences and similarities between the women’s protests in Belarus and pro-democracy protests oriented towards power change in other countries.

Una psicologia perla politica

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Franco Di Maria
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Participation Motivation ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Politically Active

- The research reported in this book examined the effects of two potential motivators of political activism - policy change mind an policy change opportunity - in a social field. Different point of view described community, group, individual strategies on citizen responsveness and demonstrate the need to account for sources of motivation in order to more fully understand when, why, and how citizes chose to become politically active.Key words: political participation, motivation, citizen

scholarly journals Women’s Participation in Governance and Political Processes in Kenya: Threats and Proposed Remedies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kiplimo ◽  
Hellen Amunga
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Women's Political Participation

The most recent studies on women’s political participation demonstrate that women are consistently denied adequate space and a level playing field to participate in politics and governance, especially in many global south countries, unlike their male counterparts. These studies’ most dominant claim is that these contexts’ patriarchal cultural norms mainly limit women’s central involvement in such nations’ political processes. Based on this impediment system, it follows that these environments become more unpropitious, hostile, and insecure for women in politics, which opens up and perpetuates possibilities for all manner of harm to them. Because of such threats, several scholars, religious leaders, and women activists decry the underrepresentation of women in politics, which in their understanding, has contributed to prolonged systemic discrimination through a legacy of insufficient woman-centric legislation and policy interventions. There is a consensus-based claim among the majority of these actors that this kind of inadequacy continues unabated due to a siloed thinking that inhibits a joined-up approach in tackling such discrimination. This paper seeks to further explore this claim through a broad stroke integrated review of literature that deals with women’s political participation in Kenya, where the concept of traditional gender role beliefs provides a vital backdrop for conducting it. Based on this concept’s valuable terms of reference, it is concluded that women need to be accorded a more enabling environment to participate in politics and, in this way, ensure that their ascension to leadership positions in governance becomes tenable. It is anticipated that such an assumption will increase legislation, policy and other interventions geared towards safeguarding women’s general participation in politics. In light of such conclusion, it is proposed that groundswell support is needed to ensure that the creation of a conducive environment for women to be involved in politics is realized, and in this way, their disenfranchisement based on their limited participation in politics is tackled. 

scholarly journals Women’s rights in Pakistan: A study of religious and alternate discourses regarding women’s participation in politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Ishaq Ahmad ◽  
Shahida Aman
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Religious Conservatism ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Alternate Discourses ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
Women's Political Participation

This study aims to evaluate the religious and the alternate discourses on women’s political rights in Pakistan; such debates were heightened and intensified as a result of General Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization vision and policies implemented between 1977 to 1988. Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization is argued to have polarized women’s participation in politics and challenged the standing of feminist groups, Islamic feminists, and secularists, which made Islam and women’s political participation the subject of debates that are still relevant in the case of Pakistan. The paper argues that Pakistani state’s Islamic disposition in general and Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization in particular provoked religious conservatism and promoted gender-based discrimination that deeply affected women’s political participation. This study seeks to reconcile the different perspectives of Islamic and secular feminism for realizing the goals of effective participation of women in politics. The paper uses a qualitative research method concentrating on thematic analysis, which employs for identifying and analyzing patterns or themes within qualitative data analysis approaches. The findings suggest that in the case of women rights, Islamic feminism and secular feminism are compatible and complementary, and a synthesis of both is imperative to realize the effective participation of women in politics.

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