Disciplining the Sciences in Conflict Zones: Pre-Classical Mechanics between the Sovereign State and the Reformed Catholic Religion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Feldhay
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Politics And Science ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Professional Artists ◽  
The Church

Traditionally, the early modern period is characterized by a process whereby religion, politics, and science are gradually separated into independent cultural spheres. This account conceives of the process of modernity in terms of ‘total conflicts’ between abstract institutions (‘the state’, the ‘Church’, ‘science’), stemming from the demand for freedom of each of these institutions to determine their own norms of behaviour and thought within their own boundaries. The account I offer, in contrast, emphasizes the centrality of the rise of ‘sovereign’ states enhancing the creation of specific networks of interdependencies between rulers, the carriers of religion, and professional artists and scientists. However, interdependence also entailed ‘conflict zones’, where boundary work between political, religious, and scientific discourses was carried out.

Reformed Theology and the Church Fathers

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Aza Goudriaan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Church

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and explain the inherent ambivalence of the reception of patristic writers in (early modern) Reformed theology by concentrating on the early modern period, when patristic authority was discussed intensely, and on those aspects of the reception history that are, more or less strictly, concerned with theology. The theological continuity between Reformed theology and the church fathers is visible most obviously in the adoption of early Christian creeds and in the fact that Reformed theologians commented upon and explained their own confessions by means of compilations of patristic testimonies. The pursuit of catholicity evidenced by numerous other publications and by the corresponding acceptance of patristic heresiology, however, had evident limitations, and was accompanied by caveats and criticisms that have been articulated from the sixteenth century onwards.

The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern English Literature and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Literature And Religion ◽  
Early Modern English Literature ◽  
The Church

This pioneering handbook offers a comprehensive consideration of the dynamic relationship between English literature and religion in the early modern period. The years from the coronation of Henry VII to the death of Queen Anne were turbulent times in the history of the British Church—and produced some of the greatest devotional poetry, sermons, polemics, and epics of literature in English. The early modern interaction of rhetoric and faith is addressed in forty chapters of original research, divided into five sections. The first analyses the changes within the Church from the Reformation to the establishment of the Church of England, Puritanism, and the rise of Nonconformity. The second section discusses ten genres in which faith was explored, such as poetry, prophecy, drama, sermons, satire, and autobiographical writings. The third section focuses on individual authors, including Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, John Donne, Lucy Hutchinson, and John Milton. The fourth section examines a range of communities in which writers interpreted their faith: lay and religious households, including Quakers and other sectarian groups, clusters of religious exiles, Jewish and Islamic communities, and settlers in the New World. The fifth section considers key topics in early modern religious literature, from ideas of authority and the relationship of body and soul, to death, judgement, and eternity. The handbook is framed by an introduction, a chronology of religious and literary landmarks, a guide for new researchers in this field, and a bibliography of primary and secondary texts relating to early modern English literature and religion.

Central Europe's Gentle Voice of Reason: Bílejovský and the Ecclesiology of Utraquism

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk V. David
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Underground Resistance ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Church

The Utraquist Church of Bohemia was unique among the late medieval defections in Western Christendom from the Church of Rome in that it involved the separation of an entire church, organized on a national territory, not merely an underground resistance of relatively isolated and scattered groups of sectarians, like the Waldensians or the Lollards. Moreover, the Bohemian Reformation was linked with a major social upheaval, the Hussite Revolution, lasting from 1419 to 1434, which historians have viewed as an early specimen, if not a prototype or the first link in the chain, of the revolutions of the early modern period in the Euroatlantic world: the Dutch, the English, the American, and the French revolutions. Building mainly on the Bohemian Reform movement that had gathered momentum since the mid-fourteenth century, the Utraquists' defiance of Rome, leading to the Hussite Revolution, was sparked by the burning of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance on July 6, 1415.

Music in the Margin of Indifference

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Bettina Varwig
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
The Church ◽  
Modern Status

This chapter considers the role of a specific Lutheran idea of freedom in the emancipation of sacred music from liturgy during the early modern period. It proposes that the Lutheran appropriation of the classical notion of ‘adiaphora’, as a stance of indifference towards practices and objects not essential for salvation, opened up a quasi-autonomous space for musical elaboration, within which music could gradually acquire its modern status as a self-sufficient artistic practice. The eighteenth-century tradition of Passion performances in Protestant Germany offers a rich test case for this process of ecclesiastical divestment, in particular J.S. Bach’s St. Matthew Passion of 1727, which made claims for music that clearly outstripped its functional remit, and Carl Heinrich Graun’s immensely popular setting of Karl Wilhelm Ramler’s Der Tod Jesu of 1755, which consolidated the genre’s move from the liturgy to the concert hall. Yet this migration outside the church walls by no means provides straightforward confirmation of a standard secularization narrative of Western modernity. Rather, in absorbing and retaining crucial aspects of sacrality, these musical repertories and practices reveal the rootedness of the modern aesthetic sphere in that Lutheran margin of indifference.

Securitisation of space and time

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s4 ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Sari Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial Problem ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Future ◽  
Perceived Security ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article introduces the concept of securitisation for early modern studies. It identifies security studies� implicit state-centric approach as one of the main culprits for early modern scholars� hesitance to use the concept and argues that, for historians, there is a twofold problem with placing the state at the centre of research. The problem pertains to how scholars have dealt with the interactions between time and space when approaching the state. First, the definition of state is space- and time-centred; it is built to accommodate the system of 19th- and 20th-century Europe, with the idea of the sovereign state at its centre. To fit the early modern period, we need to acknowledge the role of other entities and varieties in securitisation processes. Second, the concept of the state needs to be problematised by acknowledging the changing nature of its space�that is, by temporalising its spatiality. The second part of the text focuses on two interconnected areas especially prone to securitisation, where historians have much to offer those studying securitisation processes: migration and border making. Questions of how to control the future and how to secure it are most often translated into a spatial problem: as long as the border is secure, change will not enter. By focusing on local responses to perceived security threats and studying the effects that measures taken had on local communities, historians can seek not only to understand the underlying assumptions made about the future by our objects of investigation, but also to gain considerable insight into de-securitisation processes.

scholarly journals Jakub Srkal’s 1579 Litoměřice Cantional

Musicalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-86
Author(s):  
Dagmar Štefancová
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
General Level ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Printed Sources

On the basis of a little-known manuscript cantional from Litoměřice (1579) and of the analysis of its repertoire, this article presents new discoveries on the topic of the Bohemian song postils of the sixteenth century and on the question of the distribution and thesauration of songs during the early modern period. It documents how specific songs based on Gospel readings were spread, passing from the German collection by Nicolaus Herman of Jáchymov to their Czech translation by Tomáš Řešátko, and onwards to the scribe Jakub Srkal of Litoměřice. The study defines the points of similarity and agreement and the differences between Srkal’s and Řešátko’s cantional, which was published posthumously in Prague in 1610. At a more general level, it also deals with the question of the relationship between the manuscript and printed sources. Besides giving a basic description of the cantional, it also presents facts about Jakub Srkal and about other manuscripts owned by the Bohemian literati from the Church of All Saints in Litoměřice in the latter half of the sixteenth century.

The Rise of Natural Law in the Early Modern Period

2016 ◽  
pp. 624-641
Author(s):  
Robert von Friedeburg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Civil Authority

This article traces the history of the rise of natural law from the classical and medieval periods to the eighteenth century, considering the publications and debates that began to mushroom from the Reformation, and how the works of Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, and von Pufendorf transformed the political philosophy and learned architecture of Latin Europe. It examines how confessional revelation theology on the will of God, as revealed in scripture, was marginalized by jurists and philosophers and goes on to discuss the role of civil authority as obligating agency within each sovereign state; natural law’s emphasis on rights and obligations; and the arguments of Aristotle and Cicero. It explores three interrelated developments seen as responsible for the rise of natural law during the early modern period, and concludes with an analysis of its further development in relation to the philosophical scene and political environment in each polity during the eighteenth century.

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