Biofuels For The Oil Industry-Modern Status-Current Issues And Development Prospects

Despite predictions that the fuel industry will supposedly be out of business in the near future, experts predict that minerals such as oil and gas will be around for a long time and will not go down fast yet. However, a paradigm shift in the energy complex is bound to happen - for example, blue fuel (aka natural gas) is expected to become several times more popular with the public than black gold (oil), which currently has a significant influence on the global economy. Many enhanced oil recovery methods include the use of microbial surfactants and biopolymers. These compounds can be obtained by exploiting the potential properties of microorganisms to produce them. The following article focuses on effective oil recovery methods using bio products.

Music in the Margin of Indifference

This chapter considers the role of a specific Lutheran idea of freedom in the emancipation of sacred music from liturgy during the early modern period. It proposes that the Lutheran appropriation of the classical notion of ‘adiaphora’, as a stance of indifference towards practices and objects not essential for salvation, opened up a quasi-autonomous space for musical elaboration, within which music could gradually acquire its modern status as a self-sufficient artistic practice. The eighteenth-century tradition of Passion performances in Protestant Germany offers a rich test case for this process of ecclesiastical divestment, in particular J.S. Bach’s St. Matthew Passion of 1727, which made claims for music that clearly outstripped its functional remit, and Carl Heinrich Graun’s immensely popular setting of Karl Wilhelm Ramler’s Der Tod Jesu of 1755, which consolidated the genre’s move from the liturgy to the concert hall. Yet this migration outside the church walls by no means provides straightforward confirmation of a standard secularization narrative of Western modernity. Rather, in absorbing and retaining crucial aspects of sacrality, these musical repertories and practices reveal the rootedness of the modern aesthetic sphere in that Lutheran margin of indifference.

Family and Domestic Violence: The Modern Status and the Place of a District Police Officer in Its Combating

Based on a systematic analysis, the article examines the current state of the activities of the internal affairs bodies in combating domestic violence, determines the influence of decriminalization and subsequent administrative torture of beatings on crime in the domestic sphere, as well as the place and role of the district authorized police in countering family crime household sphere. The study becomes the basis for the conclusion that the decrease in the number of crimes on household grounds was the result of decriminalization of minor crimes (beatings) and their transfer to the number of administrative offenses, which, in turn, firstly turned into effective administrative and legal household crime prevention means, including in the sphere of family-domestic relations. Secondly, this led to a decrease in the latency of offenses committed in the sphere of family-domestic relations, as well as an increase in the preventive potential laid down in the norms of administrative-tort legislation. In addition, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to administratively torture family quarrels (violence) as a condition for increasing the preventive potential of administrative and tort legislation in counteracting offenses committed in the field of family and domestic relations

History and Modern Status of the Black-eared Wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica (L.) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), in Ukraine

Th e history of research of the Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica (L.) in Ukraine in XIX–XXI centuries is presented. Th e Black-eared Wheatear is now a rare breeding bird in the coastal area of the Crimean peninsula, and a very rare vagrant species on the other territory of Ukraine. Four breeding regions of the Black-eared Wheatear are found in the Crimean peninsula: seacoast between Sudak and Th eodosia cities; neighbourhood of Sevastopol City; Tarkhankut peninsula; Kerch peninsula. Th e fi rst two breeding regions have been known since the middle of XIX century. In the breeding regions, the breeding areas of the Black-eared Wheatear are not constant: the birds almost never nest in a place for a number of years. Oenanthe hispanica breeds in Crimea in the same biotopes as its sibling species, the Pied Wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka, which is essentially more abundant there. Th e breeding of single Black-eared Wheatears with the numerous Pied Wheatears increases their interspecies hybridization, which is rather common on the Crimean peninsula. Th ree out of fi ve individuals of Oenanthe hispanica collected in Crimea and stored in various museums turned out to be hybrids with Oenanthe pleschanka. Th e Black-eared and Pied Wheatears have hybridized in the Crimean peninsula for a long time: the hybrids have been recorded in XX and in XXI centuries. Th e hybrids do not occur in a specifi c breeding region, and can be found in any of those.

THE MODERN STATUS OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING IN THE CITY OF ODESSA. THE PROBLEMATIC ISSUES AND THE WAYS OF RESOLUTION

The article considers the main points on the decaying and dilapidated historical building in the city of Odessa. The city developed from the typical Empire style of the residential and the public buildings in the beginning of the nineteenth century to the replacing of the style for 70 % with eclecticism and modernism presented in the apartment buildings, railway stations, educational facilities and medical building complexes. The research of the current condition of the buildings and constructions in the historical area of the city is presented by the author in order to provide changes in the field given. The retrospective review of the historical building formation and the problematic issues of the historical urban fabric as well as the ways of solving the problem are clearly defined in the article. A specific separate paragraph is dedicated to the importance of the issues above¬-mentioned not only in the constructive and art-architectural destination, but also in finding the beneficial solutions on functional occupancy rate of the historical building in a state of constantly changing conditions of the extensively developing city. It is recommended that the scientific production groups are to be made in order to define, to systemize and to calibrate the parts of the historical range of the city. The groups are to include the experts in different fields such as the architects, the technologists, the constructors or the designers, the historians of a local lore as well as sculptors, marketers, the economists, the builders and the students, of course. The most appropriate way to make such a group is to create it based upon the Odessa State Academy of the Architecture, where the scientific and the laboratory bases are concentrated. The only thing needed to get out of the suspended animation is the State support. The author suggests using some methods of the rehabilitation of the historical city heritage: the so called facadization (the Leningrad method) and the method of scientific restoration. It is necessary to note that the integrated scientific investigations on the issue are to be fulfilled before taking any practical decision as for the further fate of the historical building heritage. Taking into account the fact that the image of the city is represented both by the number of parks, squares and by its buildings and their facades, the only thing is to save it and to set it a goal, a prior task to preserve that heritage. The state program or the private business can be leading in solving the problem. One must keep to the “L and K” rule: the Law and the Knowledge. It is advisably necessary to invent or to find a new typology for the architecture of the past centuries and the functional filling, relevant to the 21st century.

Prohibitions for State Servants as a Corruption Prevention Area: A Brief Retrospective View and the Modern Status

The article defines the essence of corruption, lists prohibitions preventing corrupt behavior of public officers introduced by the Order of Alexander III of December 3, 1884. The author describes some restrictions imposed on the mentioned subjects by Federal Law No. 79-ФЗ of July 27, 2004, On the State Civil Service in the Russian Federation.

THE ESTABLISHMENT, MODERN STATUS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN JUDGES AND EXPERTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

This article is devoted to the problem of international forensic science cooperation of the Russian Federation. The paper reflects the main milestones in the history of interaction between domestic and foreign forensic experts, on the basis of their analysis, the trends of further development of cooperation in this area are determined.