Staropolska poezja religijna w zreformowanej szkole ponadpodstawowej

The connection between literature and religion can be observed in the writing of every literary period. Old Polish religious poetry has an established position within this field of research – it constitutes a huge part of the literary works of the Middle Ages, the Reneissance and Baroque. Therefore, it is not surprising that this kind of literature appeared in the core curricula, syllabuses and textbooks for cultural and literary education of secondary school students even before the latest reform of the educational system, as well as after it. The crucial factor in the consideration of the role of Old Polish religious poetry in schools, is the opinion of Polish teachers, who base it on their experience in teaching it. The empirical research conducted on a group of Polish teachers prove that despite various difficulties faced while teaching Old Polish religious poetry, they see a great value in this type of literature in the overall process of education as well as in young adults’ personal life. Old Polish religious poetry introduces students to symbols crucial for our cultural circle. The last but not the least, it may help to fully understand and experience oneself/other people in the face of the sacred.

Literature and Religion: A Dialogue between China and the West

David Jasper and Ou Guang-an, Literature and Religion: A Dialogue between China and the West (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2020), ix + 176 pp., ISBN 978-1-5326-5218-9, $24, paperback.

Zaytsev, B. (2018). Reflections of the Eternal. Unknown short stories, essays, reminiscences and interviews. Ed. by A. Lyubomudrov. St. Petersburg: Rostok. (In Russ.)

The review is concerned with a collection of hitherto unknown prose by B. Zaytsev that uncovers new aspects of his oeuvre. The collection covers literary variants of famous essays, hitherto unpublished short stories from before the October Revolution, and travelogues showing the writer's attitude to the spiritual and creative culture of the West. The reviewer points out the problem of the interaction between Russian literature and its European counterparts (particularly French literature) and defines the criteria (the Christian ideal and ‘common human compassion') used by Zaytsev for its assessment. Mentioned are the authors especially favoured by Zaytsev (F. Mauriac, A. Maurois, and G. Duhamel). Also noted is the writer's polemic with Western authors. The collection offers a treasure trove for scholarly reflections on literature and religion, as well as on Russian emigre literature versus Soviet and Western literatures.

Genesis, Historicity and Persistence of Dalit Protest Literature and Movements in Odisha

Even after seven decades of India’s independence, the status of the Dalits remain unchanged where caste system, along with the practice of untouchability, remains a universal phenomenon of rural India, and the state of Odisha is not an exception. Among various issues that the Dalits in the state are facing, the greatest problem is that they are not allowed to worship inside some of the temples even today, by the upper caste Hindus. Against this flagitious practice, voices from the marginalized concerned have been raised time and again. However, like other states, the state of Odisha has not witnessed a strong all-Odisha Dalit movement either in colonial or in postcolonial period. But this does not mean that Dalits in the state are silently tolerating all caste oppressions and are not conscious; rather, they have protested against the dominant castes from time to time. There are different phases of Dalit protest literature and movements in the state from precolonial period to the present day. The state has witnessed some small, sporadic and scattered Dalit movements, and protest literature against the caste system and untouchability in the past, but these remained limited within the form of literature and religion due to various reasons. In this juncture, an endeavour has been made in this article to articulate and unify these small sporadic Dalit movements and protest literatures into a theoretical account by building coherency and continuity in its nature and spirit.

Repetition in Surah al-Fath: (Qur’anic Stylistic Studies)

Language and literature have a complex relationship with religion. The concrete example of these relationship can be observed in the Qur’an. The Qur’an as a Muslim holy book is revealed in Arabic which is fulled by beautiful language styles. Even, the beauty of diction in the Qur’an was recognized by prominent Arabic literaturer in his time. One of language style which dominates the beauty of the Qur’an is repetition. Therefore, the research of repetition in the Qur’an is importance in term of linguistics, literature, and religion. Through a qualitative approach and content analysis, this research aims to explore the types of repetition in one of Madaniyah’s surah, namely al-Fath. The results are found in this surah as follows. 1) There are four types of repetition in surah al-Fath, namely phonological, morphological, syntax, and semantic repetition. 2) The most common repetition found in Surah al-Fath is phonological repetition then syntax repetition. 3) Themost common type of phonological repetition is initial rhyme as morpheme. 4) the most common type of syntax repetition is word repetition as partial reduplication.The results of this research are useful as a theoretical reference, especially regarding the style of repetition in the Qur’an