Design peculiarities aspects of electrifi ed vehicles with a combined power unit based on fuel cells

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Biksaleev ◽  
K. E. Karpukhin ◽  
R. R. Malikov ◽  
A. V. Klimov ◽  
F. A. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Urban Cycle

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The problem of environmental pollution has been especially acute in recent decades. Vehicle manufacturers are putting a lot of effort and money into developing alternative energy sources. One of these sources is the fuel cell.The purpose of the study was a general analysis of the parameters of power units of passenger and freight vehicles that used fuel cells.Methodology and research methods. Based on a virtual experiment a regression analysis to calculate the fuel cell required power was carried out depending on the load and conditions of vehicle movements.Scientifi c novelty and results. Simulation modeling of various lithium-ion traction batteries as part of a combined power unit of a vehicle has been carried out. Simulation modeling was carried out in order to determine the energy balance of a combined power unit in the urban cycle, taking into account the variation in the parameters of the cycle load and energy consumption for the auxiliary systems of the electrobus.The practical signifi cance of the analysis performed and the dependencies obtained lies in the fact that they can be used when selecting the power of fuel cells in the design of a large class passenger vehicle.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Architecture for Range Extension of Electric VTOL (eVTOL) Aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wanyi Ng ◽  
Mrinalgouda Patil ◽  
Anubhav Datta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries through an ideal power-sharing architecture to mitigate the poor range and endurance of battery powered electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The benefits of combining the two sources is first illustrated by a conceptual sizing of an electric tiltrotor for an urban air taxi mission of 75 mi cruise and 5 min hover. It is shown that an aircraft of 5000–6000 lb gross weight can carry a practical payload of 500 lb (two to three seats) with present levels of battery specific energy (150 Wh/kg) if only a battery–fuel cell hybrid power plant is used, combined in an ideal power-sharing manner, as long as high burst C-rate batteries are available (4–10 C). A power plant using batteries alone can carry less than half the payload; use of fuel cells alone cannot lift off the ground. Next, the operation of such a system is demonstrated using systematic hardware testing. The concepts of unregulated and regulated power-sharing architectures are described. A regulated architecture that can implement ideal power sharing is built up in a step-by-step manner. It is found only two switches and three DC-to-DC converters are necessary, and if placed appropriately, are sufficient to achieve the desired power flow. Finally, a simple power system model is developed, validated with test data and used to gain fundamental understanding of power sharing.

Paper 3: Fuel Cells as a Source of Power in Locomotives

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Williams ◽  
B. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolyte ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

The principles of the more important fuel cells are described and their current state of development assessed. Reference is made to the suitability of various fuels for fuel cell power systems applied to locomotive traction. The overall scheme for a 300-kW power unit using a low-temperature fuel battery is described. While technically possible, such a system is unlikely to be economically viable. It is suggested that fuel cell traction for locomotives will have to await the development of an improved fuel cell, such as one using a solid oxide electrolyte.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Pt-Based Binary and Ternary Alloy Electrocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Long Quan ◽  
Phuoc Huu Le
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Compact Design

The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is among the most promising alternative energy sources for the near future owing to its advantages of simple construction, compact design, high energy density, and relatively high energy-conversion efficiency. Typically, the electrodes in DMFC is comprised of a Pt-based catalysts supported on great potential of carbon materials such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon black (CB), graphene, etc. It is desired to develop an electrode with high surface area, good electrical conductivity and suitable porosity to allow good reactant flux and high stability in the fuel cell environment. This chapter will provide recent advances in Pt-based binary and ternary electrocatalysts on carbon supports for high-performance anodes in DMFC. Through studying the effects of composition-, support-, and shape dependent electrocatalysts, further fundamental understanding and mechanism in the development of anode catalysts for DMFC will be provided in details.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Stenina ◽  
Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrogen Energy

Abstract Development of alternative energy sources is one of the main trends of modern energy technology. Lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells are the most important among them. The increase in the energy and power density is the essential aspect which determined their future development. We provide a brief review of the state of developments in the field of nanosize electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy. The presence of relatively inexpensive and abundant elements, safety and low volume change during the lithium intercalation/deintercalation processes enables the application of lithium iron phosphate and lithium titanate as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, they exhibit low ionic and electronic conductivity. To overcome this problem the following main approaches have been applied: use of nanosize materials, including nanocomposites, and heterovalent doping. Their impact in the property change is analyzed and discussed. Hybrid membranes containing inorganic nanoparticles enable a significant progress in the fuel cell development. Different approaches to their preparation, the reasons for ion conductivity and selectivity change, as well as the prospects for their application in low-temperature fuel cells are discussed. This review may provide some useful guidelines for development of advanced materials for lithium ion batteries and fuel cells.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated PVDF TiO2-Natural Zeolite Nanocomposites Membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Juliandri ◽  
Agung Nurfadillah ◽  
Rukiah ◽  
Muhamad Nasir ◽  
Rubianto A. Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Membrane Conductivity ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Fuel cell is one of the future alternative energy sources. Commercial fuel cell membrane currently used is Nafion which has several disadvantages including low stability at high temperature, and low conductivity at low humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to study an alternative membrane for PEMFC. The purpose of this research is to synthesis an alternative fuel cell membrane from sulfonated PVDF doped with nanocomposites of natural zeolite of Cipatujah, West Java, Indonesia and TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesis of zeolite-TiO2 nanocomposites was performed by sol-gel method using TEOT and zeolite of Cipatujah. The nanocomposites were added to PVDF in DMSO solvent prior to ultrasonification for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The membrane was casted and sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 4, 6 and 8 hours. The membrane was characterized with FTIR, SEM-EDX, and four-point probe spectroscope. The FTIR analysis shows the existence of sulfone in the polymer. The SEM-EDX results show that the SiO2 from the zeolite and TiO2 have been successfully inserted to the membrane. The conductivity analysis shows that the best membrane conductivity, 0.00389 S/cm was achieved for 6 hours sulfonation and 3 hours ultrasonication.

scholarly journals DESIGN FEATURES AND HAZARDS OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
O. Lazarenko ◽  
V.-P. Parkhomenko ◽  
R. Sukach ◽  
B. Bilonozhko ◽  
A. Kuskovets
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Short Period

Introduction. The gradual and relentless development of alternative energy sources and the constant strug-gle of humanity with excess greenhouse gas emissions led to the simultaneous development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Currently, vehicles that run exclusively on electricity and are virtually safe for the environment are becoming increasingly popular. Among the variety of vehicles running on electricity, it is necessary to single out vehicles that use compressed hydrogen to generate electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are already widely used in the United States, Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world, and their governments are constantly expanding and developing the appropriate infrastructure for them.The purpose and objectives of the study. The paper analyses the basic structure of HFCV and identifies the main scenarios of possible emergencies, namely: fire or explosion of fuel tanks with hydrogen; leakage, flaming of hydrogen from fuel lines (tank) under the high pressure; high-pressure hydrogen jet fire; leakage of hydrogen in the compartment (garage, closed parking) without further combustion.Methods. In the work on the subsequent literature review, the probable dangers for the personnel of the emergency rescue units involved in the elimination of certain emergency scenarios were identified.Results. It is established that: during the combustion of HFCV the most probable jet fire of hydrogen (flame temperature can reach 2000 0C), and also possible explosion of hydrogen cylinders or gas-air mixture with a significant range. Secondly, leakage of hydrogen in the compartment can cause its destruction in a relatively short period (about 15 seconds), and/or poisoning (asphyxia) of people due to a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration.Conclusions. The analysis and generalization of existing knowledge on the potential hazard of HFCV is conducted, electric cars give us reasonable grounds to argue that the regulatory framework for the construction and installation of security systems for land and underground parking, places of accumulation of such vehicles is not adapted to today's realities. At the same time, the following studies should be directed at estimating probablee risks of such emergencies.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 02
Author(s):  
J. V. C. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Near Future

The global economy lives a period of great apprehension regarding energy issues for the near future. The developed countries continue to have a steady growth and the emerging countries increase their rates of economic growth, which causes a continuing increase in global energy demand. In that context, RETERM calls the attention of the readers to the growing need for the search of alternative energy sources to the current oil based global economy. This effort certainly involves focus and work of the energy related scientific community, field in which Thermal Engineering is part of. There are several alternatives currently under consideration. The Department of Energy of the United States of America is currently seriously focused on research and development of alternative energy sources, mainly aiming the independence of external suppliers, such as nuclear energy and the hydrogen economy. Therefore, it is vital to any nation the allocation of financial resources to the development and technological control of new processes that lead to self-sufficiency in energy generation for internal consumption and economic growth. The fuel cell systems will be of critical importance in the possible hydrogen economy scenery for the near future, and they are at the forefront of the emerging technologies for electric power generation for stationary, mobile and portable applications. The high energy conversion efficiencies, extremely low onsite environmental pollution and noise are among their major advantages in comparison to other systems. However, there are major technological and economic hurdles to be overcome prior to their large scale practical implementation. Similarly to nuclear technology, in fuel cell technology it is observed that each research group develops its own know-how independently and with little exchange of information.In this fifth number, we continue to publish the best articles written in English language, presented at the 9th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Engineering and Sciences, ENCIT 2002, held in Caxambu, MG, from October 15th to 18th, 2002, that were selected by the Associate Technical Editors of RETERM, according to the scientific criteria of the journal. The idea is to increase the industrial and scientific impact of the research results presented in the Congress. Additional articles that have been submitted and reviewed in the regular RETERM publication process are also included in the current issue.

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