scholarly journals Advances in the use of photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems in marine shrimp farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes ◽  
Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Marine Shrimp ◽  
Natural Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Intensive System

The growth of aquaculture can cause different environmental impacts, from the use of large amounts of water to the excessive release of effluent. Shrimp farming can be done in different systems: extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive. Extensive systems with low productivity (<500 kg ha-1 year-1), exhibit low technological levels and less control of environmental conditions. The semi-intensive system requires food supplementation, reasonable natural productivity, biomas yield of 3,000 - 5,000 kg ha-1 year-1) and water change (5 to 10 % day-1). To increase production, different culture systems are used, such as photoheterotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic, with minimal water exchange (0.5 to 3 % day-1), providing greater biomass yield (intensive 10 to 20 ton ha-1 cycle-1 and super-intensive 20 up to 40 ton ha-1 cycle-1). These can be developed in nursery or grow-out tanks, but with high operating costs, high technological levels, disease control and better control of environmental conditions. However, intensive and super-intensive systems accumulate nitrogen, phosphorus and solid waste that can be transformed into biomass in multi-trophic aquaculture systems. In this review, we will discuss the effects of these systems on water quality and productivity of marine shrimp. The photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems are interesting alternatives to the photoautotrophic systems in shrimp production, demonstrated by the higher zootechnical performance, as well as the environmental quality, since these models promote the minimum exchange of water and the transformation of nutrient residues in biomass.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of sodium metabisulphite and chlorine on growth of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. strains isolated from marine shrimp

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Flávio de Moraes Santos ◽  
Átyla Peeter Batista Veloso ◽  
Rodrigo Maciel Calvet ◽  
Maria Marlúcia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Carina Maricel Pereyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
Marine Shrimp ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The sodium metabisulphite (SMB) is used in shrimp farming to prevent melanosis and the 5.0 ppm chlorine (CL) concentration used in the shrimp processing is efficient as a bactericide, but there is no evidence of the effectiveness of these chemical compounds as fungicides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of sodium metabisulphite (SMB) and chlorine (CL) on the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from marine shrimp in different stages of processing. The samples were collected from a frozen shrimp processing industry, located in Piauí State, Brazil. The total fungi and occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species were evaluated. For in vitro sensibility test using the diffusion disk in agar method, five concentrations of SMB (0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%) and six of CL (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µg mL-1) were used. The fungal counts in the different processing stages ranged from 1.74 to 3.38 CFU g-1. Twenty-nine Aspergillus strains were isolated, prevailing A. versicolor (59.3%) and twenty-two of Penicillium, prevailing P. citrinum (74%). One strain of A. flavus was AFB1 producer. All the isolated strains of P. citrinum produced citrinin. All tested species were in vitro sensitive to 3% of SMB, except the A. flavus. The 10% concentration of SMB inhibited the in vitro growth of all strains. The CL concentrations tested did not inhibit the studied species growth and SMB concentrations above 3.0% inhibited in vitro the growth of the tested strains.

scholarly journals Predicting photosynthesis and transpiration responses to ozone: decoupling modeled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3113-3130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lombardozzi ◽  
S. Levis ◽  
G. Bonan ◽  
J. P. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Tulip Poplar

Abstract. Plants exchange greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and water with the atmosphere through the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration, making them essential in climate regulation. Carbon dioxide and water exchange are typically coupled through the control of stomatal conductance, and the parameterization in many models often predict conductance based on photosynthesis values. Some environmental conditions, like exposure to high ozone (O3) concentrations, alter photosynthesis independent of stomatal conductance, so models that couple these processes cannot accurately predict both. The goals of this study were to test direct and indirect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance modifications based on O3 damage to tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) in a coupled Farquhar/Ball-Berry model. The same modifications were then tested in the Community Land Model (CLM) to determine the impacts on gross primary productivity (GPP) and transpiration at a constant O3 concentration of 100 parts per billion (ppb). Modifying the Vcmax parameter and directly modifying stomatal conductance best predicts photosynthesis and stomatal conductance responses to chronic O3 over a range of environmental conditions. On a global scale, directly modifying conductance reduces the effect of O3 on both transpiration and GPP compared to indirectly modifying conductance, particularly in the tropics. The results of this study suggest that independently modifying stomatal conductance can improve the ability of models to predict hydrologic cycling, and therefore improve future climate predictions.

scholarly journals Community Empowerment to Increase Litopenaeus vannamei Productivity Towards Semi-Intensive System by Potential Analysis and Self-Feed Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Sulastri Arsad ◽  
Muhammad Musa ◽  
Evellin Dewi Lusiana ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudi ◽  
Nanik Retno Buwono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Intensive System

Vaname shrimp is one of the leading cultivations of fishery production commodities in Indonesia which has high selling price and market share, also relatively resistant with high stocking density. Cultivation activities of this commodity can be carried out through three systems; namely traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive system. One group of cultivators who develop shrimp farming business is Mina Nusantara group in Lamongan District, where the cultivation system is still performed traditionally. The shrimp size was not uniform, and the survival rate was low once it harvested. Moreover, community empowerment was applied to increase vaname productivity towards semi-intensive system by culture potential analyses using SWOT and self-feed production training. Survey and experimental approach were used during the activities. The activities included survey and discussion with shrimp local farmer (Mina Nusantara), identified internal and external factors of culture by using SWOT analysis, carried out self-made artificial feed training, and program evaluation at the end. The activity resulted an increasing of farmer understanding of various culture system and they can produce the pellet in small scale by themselves. Based on SWOT analysis, the culture is potential to develop sustainably by regarding both internal and external factors.

scholarly journals Enhancing Ecoefficiency in Shrimp Farming through Interconnected Ponds

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Héctor Barraza-Guardado ◽  
José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga ◽  
Anselmo Miranda-Baeza ◽  
Manuel Juárez-García ◽  
Antonio Juvera-Hoyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Interconnected Ponds

The future development of shrimp farming needs to improve its ecoefficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality, flows, and nitrogen balance and production parameters on a farm with interconnected pond design to improve the efficiency of the semi-intensive culture ofLitopenaeus vannameiponds. The study was conducted in 21 commercial culture ponds during 180 days at densities of 30–35 ind m−2and daily water exchange <2%. Our study provides evidence that by interconnecting ponds nutrient recycling is favored by promoting the growth of primary producers of the pond as chlorophylla. Based on the mass balance and flow of nutrients this culture system reduces the flow of solid, particulate organic matter, and nitrogen compounds to the environment and significantly increases the efficiency of water (5 to 6.5 m3 kg−1cycle−1), when compared with traditional culture systems. With this culture system it is possible to recover up to 34% of the total nitrogen entering the system, with production in excess of 4,000 kg ha−1shrimp. We believe that the production system with interconnected ponds is a technically feasible model to improve ecoefficiency production of shrimp farming.

DNA Binding Activity of Marine Shrimp LvProfilin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanisa Laoong-u-thai ◽  
Warapond Wanna ◽  
Autaipohn Kaikaew
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Binding Prediction ◽  
3D Protein Structure ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Marine Shrimp

Shrimp farming is an important business in Thailand and worldwide. The study of molecular biology and biochemical pathway of the key molecules controlling muscle growth is an essential to improve shrimp livestock. Profilin is a pivotal protein in muscle formation, especially actin protein. Its nuclear function has been reported in many species for gene regulation. Here in this work, we characterized the function of LvProfilin, a marine shrimp profilin from Litopenaeus vannamei, both in silico and in vitro. The phylogenetic tree of LvProfilin among organisms and its 3D protein structure showed that LvProfilin was highly conserved among shrimp and arthropods. The homology modeling of its 3D structure revealed 3 alpha-helices and 6 beta-strands similar to most eukaryotic profilins. To interpret its possible function, the gene expression of LvProfilin in various tissues was performed. We found that this gene was expressed in various tissues. This result may imply that LvProfilin could share a common function in all tissues. Nuclear activity has been a promising function of LvProfilin. We performed a DNA/RNA binding prediction analysis using DRNApred. The result indicated that Lysine-90 and Threonine-91 were the putative DNA-binding sites with the probability of 63.12% and 54.16%, respectively. Its binding activity was confirmed in vitro which bound stronger to single strand DNA than double strand DNA. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of DNA binding activity of profilin in invertebrates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document