scholarly journals Atenolol And Nifedipine Combination Is Better Than Monotherapy: A New Era In Novel Drug Delivery For Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
G. Swapna ◽  
◽  
K. Sesha Maheswaramma ◽  
K. Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure Goal ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
New Era ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Achieve Blood Pressure ◽  
Mucus Membrane

Hypertension is considered a major health problems globally affect millions of patient.Various study confirms that single drug treatment usually is not adequate to achieve blood pressure goal in most hypertensive patients.In this regard,consideration is given to combination therapy, which offers the potential advantages towards minimizing hypertension in a rapid manner and produces lower adverse effects.SLTs (Sublingual tablets) provides immediate action to enhanced absorption and bioavailability rate. Sublingual tablets are absorbed within the mucus membrane and directly reach in blood systemic circulation. The objective of this ongoing research focused on theatenolol (ATN)and nifedipine (NIF) combined drug deliveryin emergency condition of hypertension. Direct compression technique is used to formulate SLTsby taking different types and concentrations of superdisintegrantsCroscarmellose sodium (CCS) and Crospovidone (CP). Sublimating agents like camphor (CM) and thymol (TY)) also added for better result. FTIR and DSC analysis confirms the ccompatibility results between drug and superdisintegrants.Formulated tablets are evaluated for different parameters and found satisfactory. Formulation F6 considered as the best formulation. The disintegration shows 13 sec and dissolution profile shows 97.36% drug release at 10 min. Formulation F6 shows better pharmacokinetic activity and antihypertensive activity in compare to pure drug and marketed formulation.A combination of ATN and NIF produces rapid disintegration and dissolution property during an emergency and is a lifesaving approach in hypertension treatment.

Does Second Life Mark the Beginning of a New Era of Online Shopping?

2011 ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Jang Ho Moon ◽  
Yongjun Sung ◽  
S. Marina Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
New Era ◽  
Shopping Experience

In this chapter, the authors explore the unique social dimension of shopping in virtual worlds, namely Second Life, by examining the role of avatar-based interactions in determining consumer shopping experience. To this end, an overview of Second Life, and other similar virtual worlds, is provided. This chapter then introduces the concept of social presence and offers a conceptual discussion of how avatar-based shopping in virtual environments is distinctive from shopping in other Web environments. Next, the authors present the preliminary findings of the ongoing research study investigating how consumers’ interactions with salespersons and peer consumers via avatars influence their shopping experience in Second Life. This chapter concludes with a future prospect of virtual worlds and directions for future research.

Maraviroc Oral Disintegration Tablet: Analytical Design of Experiments (DoE) for Assessment and Comparison of In-Vitro Dissolution Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akula Ramesh ◽  
Jagadish P C ◽  
Vinay Jhawar ◽  
Proneel Das ◽  
Prajakta Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Product ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablet ◽  
Rp Hplc

Background: The bioavailability of a drug in a solid oral dose depends on its release from the drug product and its balance in dissolution. Compared with a reference drug, the newly developed formulation needs to establish bioequivalence by comparing the dissolution profile. Objective: To compare dissolution profiles of a newly developed maraviroc oral disintegration tablet and the reference Axentri® tablet. The current research was designed to establish and validate an integral analytical consistency by Quality by Design (QbD) approach to quantify maraviroc from dissolution samples using the RP-HPLC method. Methods: Maraviroc was formulated into an orally disintegrating tablet using a direct compression technique at different concentrations of sodium starch glycolate as super disintegrants and talc and magnesium stearate as glidants. The dissolution test in 0.1N HCl was performed according to standard procedures to predict bioequivalence. The results of dissolution tests were analyzed using the QbD Box Behnken Design multivariate RP-HPLC method. Results: The optimized formulation (F2) was selected as it showed 90% drug release in 5 min and a disintegration time of 22 sec with dissolution profiles to the marketed reference to meet the FDA requirements of f2 similarity factor statistics. The integrated analytical QbD method was statistically analyzed by ANOVA, counter-plot, and 3D response surface plots, which demonstrated that the model is statistically significant. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1). Conclusion : In conclusion, maraviroc oral disintegrating tablets have been well prepared, and superior statement consistency is established by the implementation of the QbD analytical method for orally disintegrating tablet excellence and adoption.

scholarly journals Various approaches to enhance the dissolution of Lornoxicam fast dissolving tablets prepared by using different categories of superdisintegrants: A comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Acharya ◽  
G.B.K. Kumar ◽  
P. Goudanavar ◽  
K. Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Recent Developments

Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to pediatric and elderly patients who have trouble in swallowing tablets.The main objective of the present study is to formulate fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam by direct compression method.Methods: Guar gum and crospovidone were used as natural and synthetic superdisintegrants respectively. Fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam were prepared by direct compression technique using three different approaches; superdisintegrant addition, sublimation, and solid dispersion.Results: IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between the drug and the excipients. All formulation showed disintegration time ranging from 16.09-42.54 second. Wetting time and disintegration time decreased by increasing the super disintegrant concentration from 2.5% to 5% w/w. Formulae L16 gave the best in- vitro disintegration and dissolution results, which would be due to swelling effect of Gaur gum and amorphization of the drug during the solid dispersion preparation.The best formulation L16 was subjected to stability testing for 3 month and results showed no significant change in appearance, hardness, drug content and dissolution profile of the tablets, hence tablet is stable throughout its stability studies.Conclusion: It was concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Lornoxicam were formulated successfully with desired characteristics which disintegrated rapidly; provided rapid onset of action; and enhanced the patient convenience and compliance.JMMIHS,2018;4(1):86-102

scholarly journals Development of Duloxetine Hydrochloride Tablets for Delayed and Complete Release Using Eudragit L 100

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Yasmin Begum ◽  
Ali Alqahtani ◽  
Mohammed Ghazwani ◽  
Noura Abdullah Alhamood ◽  
Umme Hani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Enteric Coating ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Duloxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Enteric Coated ◽  
The One

The purpose of the research was to optimize the preparation of duloxetine hydrochloride (duloxetine HCl) delayed release tablets. Duloxetine HCl produces a toxic substance called alpha-naphthol when duloxetine HCl is in contact with gastric fluid. Thus, duloxetine HCl when given orally needed a protective enteric coating that disable the delivery of duloxetine HCl in gastric fluid while enabling the drug delivery only in small intestine. Four different core tablets were prepared by direct compression technique, and the one which displayed quick disintegration and dissolution was chosen for enteric coating. The compressed tablets were enteric coated by dip coating technique. Since subcoating is required to safeguard the enteric coating, the core tablets were subcoated by using polymer HPMC K15M and then enteric coated with Eudragit L 100. The prepared tablets were assessed for the entire precompression and postcompression characteristics. FTIR study revealed the existence of all prominent peaks signifying its compatibility and authenticity. The in vitro studies showed that enteric-coated tablets were capable of restricting release in acidic media. The formulation F8 was optimised with 5% and 15% increase in weight of seal coat and enteric coat with good dissolution profile. Stability studies revealed that the optimized formulation was intact without any deterioration for 3 months. In conclusion, the optimized formulation could resist the drug release in acidic environment of gastrointestinal region and release the drug at a time once the tablet reaches the intestine.

scholarly journals Liquid biopsy of cancer: a multimodal diagnostic tool in clinical oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 175883591879463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Palmirotta ◽  
Domenica Lovero ◽  
Paola Cafforio ◽  
Claudia Felici ◽  
Francesco Mannavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Secondary Resistance ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
New Era ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Diagnose

Over the last decades, the concept of precision medicine has dramatically renewed the field of medical oncology; the introduction of patient-tailored therapies has significantly improved all measurable outcomes. Liquid biopsy is a revolutionary technique that is opening previously unexpected perspectives. It consists of the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes, as a source of genomic and proteomic information in patients with cancer. Many technical hurdles have been resolved thanks to newly developed techniques and next-generation sequencing analyses, allowing a broad application of liquid biopsy in a wide range of settings. Initially correlated to prognosis, liquid biopsy data are now being studied for cancer diagnosis, hopefully including screenings, and most importantly for the prediction of response or resistance to given treatments. In particular, the identification of specific mutations in target genes can aid in therapeutic decisions, both in the appropriateness of treatment and in the advanced identification of secondary resistance, aiming to early diagnose disease progression. Still application is far from reality but ongoing research is leading the way to a new era in oncology. This review summarizes the main techniques and applications of liquid biopsy in cancer.

scholarly journals Formulation and Dissolution Study of Valsartan Immediate Release Tablets

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
B. Brahmaiah ◽  
K. Sasikanth ◽  
Sreekanth Nama ◽  
P. Suresh ◽  
Patan Adam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Dissolution Studies ◽  
Main Motive

In the present study, design of oral immediate release tablets of Valsartan by direct compression technique was carried out. The main aim and objective of the work is to formulate immediate release tablets using different direct compression vehicles (DCV’S) in different ratios. The main motive is to compare the dissolution profile of these formulations and conclude the best formulation which release drug at a faster rate. To determine the best fit dissolution profile for the dosage forms. Valsartan tablets were formulated by using microcrystalline cellulose (diluents), potato starch, acacia (binder) and magnesium stearate (lubricant). The granules were compressed into tablets and were subjected to dissolution studies. The dissolution profile of the formulation F2 was found to have better dissolution rate compared to others. The In-vitro dissolution studies of all the formulations were conducted and the results were obtained, it was concluded that formulation F2 was the best with fast release of drug compared to others.

Initial management of acute ischaemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jason P Appleton ◽  
Randeep Mullhi ◽  
Naginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
New Era

The management of acute ischaemic stroke has been revolutionised by effective reperfusion therapies including thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. In particular, mechanical thrombectomy has heralded a new era in stroke medicine. There have also been developments to improve clinical outcomes for patients who have had an acute ischaemic stroke but are not eligible for this procedure. This article presents an update on the initial management of acute ischaemic stroke, including reperfusion therapies, periprocedural considerations and ongoing research for potential improvements in the care of these patients.

Formulation and evaluation of Diclofenac sodium mucoadhesive buccal tablets by using natural polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatalakshmi Raganathan ◽  
Muhammad Zulfahmi Bin Abd Majid ◽  
Prasanthi Sri ◽  
Sasikala Chinnappan
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Buccal Tablets

Diclofenac sodium is a common and widely-used drug for the treatment of pain, inflammation and also migraine. Unfortunately, it undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism when administered through the oral systemic route. Thus, this study will be about the formulation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of diclofenac sodium that can prevent the extensive metabolism of the drug, which in turn increases its bioavailability inside the systemic circulation. This formulation might also reduce the dosing frequency, which can lead to a better patient compliance to the medication. The formulations would be using natural polymers such as acacia gum and chitosan as the mucoadhesive polymers. Ethylcellulose (EC) was included as the backing layer of the buccal tablets, along with other excipients. In total, four different formulations were prepared with the varying concentration of the natural polymers. The formulated buccal tablets have been evaluated for their general appearance, thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, ex-vivo mucoadhesion time and other in-vitro tests such as swelling and dissolution studies. The finding of this study confirmed that Formulation 3 (F3) had the best properties of mucoadhesive buccal tablets as it displayed the highest in-vitro swelling index and in-vitro dissolution profile, also with the longest ex-vivo mucoadhesion time.

scholarly journals Meshing molecules and management: a new era for natural resource conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Emily K Latch ◽  
Jamie A Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
New Era ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Conservation And Management

A symposium entitled ‘Applied Ecological Genetics: Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation’ was held at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana from 5 to 8 October 2008. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together researchers from disparate fields of molecular ecology, evolutionary biology and genomics to address ways to apply research in ecological genetics to relevant questions in conservation and management. Symposium speakers presented ongoing research in characterizing the wealth of biodiversity on the planet, understanding the fundamental evolutionary processes influencing species over time and space, and predicting responses of species and entire ecosystems to environmental change. Recent advances in these areas have had a profound impact on conservation and management, and have helped to secure the future of our natural resources.

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