scholarly journals Pathogenesis and prevention of pressure ulcer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Gyeonghyeon Doh ◽  
Chan Yeong Heo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Typically Develop ◽  
Individualized Management

The number of pressure ulcer patients is increasing owing to the aging population and increased incidence of elderly illness. This review article aims to introduce the current knowledge on the pathogenesis and prevention of pressure ulcers. The development of a pressure ulcer is associated with external factors such as pressure, shear stress, and friction and internal factors such as age, general condition, skin condition, and nutritional status. Pressure ulcers typically develop over bone protrusions, which are most pressured by weight, but may also be caused by external pressure by medical devices or other objects applied to the patient. This tissue damage is caused by continuous deformation of the tissue due to the pressure acting perpendicular to the tissue surface and shear stress acting parallel to the tissue, either alone or in combination. Limitation of activity and mobility, skin condition, blood circulation and oxygen saturation, nutrition, humidity, body temperature, age, low pain sensitivity, blood count, and general and mental conditions are the primary risk factors for pressure ulcers. A mattress and cushion that reduce pressure and an appropriate posture are necessary to prevent pressure ulcers. In patients with urinary incontinence, contaminated skin should be washed with a mild detergent and absorbent pads and topical protective agents should be used to protect the skin from moisture. Sufficient nutrition may help prevent wounds in patients who are susceptible to pressure ulcers. Furthermore, early screening, individualized management of posture, and regular skin and nutrition monitoring are essential to prevent pressure ulcers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effectiveness of pressure ulcer care

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Gierasimovič ◽  
Zyta Kuzborska
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Norton Scale

The article deals with the external and internal factors influencing development of pressure ulcers and the effectiveness of their care. The patients were assessed according to their age, gender and changes in their condition. The modified Norton Scale was used to assess the effectiveness of pressure ulcer care. It has been established that internal factors increase the risk of developing pressure ulcers. The effectiveness of pressure ulcer care is promoted by pressure ulcers preventative measures, medicines and skin hygiene.

scholarly journals Atuações do enfermeiro na prevenção de úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados

2015 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ivete Santa de Almeida ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
Use Of Assessment

As ulceras por pressão (UPP) são lesões cutâneas ou de partes moles, localizadas normalmente sobre áreas de proeminências ósseas, originada por aumento da pressão externa. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e qualitativa, cuja fonte foi as bases de dados da Bireme e os objetos foram artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise foi baseada em Minayo (2014). Como resultado emergiram as categorias: “ações do enfermeiro na prevenção de UPP representadas pelas execuções corretas dos procedimentos” e “ações do enfermeiro representadas pelo uso de instrumentos de avaliação”. Infere-se que a prevenção da UPP é dever da equipe do enfermeiro no atributo das suas funções. No entanto para que isso aconteça, é preciso conhecimento atualizado para a aplicação da precaução.Descritores: Enfermagem, Prevenção, Úlcera por Pressão. The nurse acting in pressure ulcer prevention in institutionalized elderlyAbstract: The pressure ulcers (UPP) are skin lesions or soft tissue, usually located on areas of bony prominences, caused by increased external pressure. This is a bibliographic and qualitative review, whose source was the Bireme databases and objects were articles that met the inclusion criteria established. The analysis was based on Minayo (2014). As a result the following categories emerged: “nurses actions in UPP prevention represented by the correct executions of procedures” and “nursing shares represented by the use of assessment tools”. It is inferred that the prevention of UPP is nursing team duty in the attribute of their duties. However for this to happen, we need updated knowledge for the application of precaution.Descriptors: Nursing, Prevention, Pressure Ulcer. Las actuaciones de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en ancianosResumen: Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones en la piel o tejidos blandos, generalmente ubicados en áreas de prominencias óseas, causada por el aumento de la presión externa. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica y cualitativa, cuya fuente era las bases de datos y objetos de BIREME, fueron los artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. El análisis se basó en Minayo (2014). Como resultado surgieron las siguientes categorías: ”Las acciones de enfermería en la prevención de UPP representado por las ejecuciones correctas de procedimientos” y “acciones de enfermería representados por el uso de las herramientas de evaluación”. Se infiere que la prevención de UPP es deber equipo de enfermería en el atributo de sus funciones. Sin embargo, para que esto suceda, necesitamos el conocimiento actualizado para la aplicación de la precaución.Descriptores: Enfermería, Prevención, Úlcera por Presión.

scholarly journals Atuações do enfermeiro na prevenção de úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ivete Santa de Almeida ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
Use Of Assessment

As ulceras por pressão (UPP) são lesões cutâneas ou de partes moles, localizadas normalmente sobre áreas de proeminências ósseas, originada por aumento da pressão externa. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e qualitativa, cuja fonte foi as bases de dados da Bireme e os objetos foram artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise foi baseada em Minayo (2014). Como resultado emergiram as categorias: “ações do enfermeiro na prevenção de UPP representadas pelas execuções corretas dos procedimentos” e “ações do enfermeiro representadas pelo uso de instrumentos de avaliação”. Infere-se que a prevenção da UPP é dever da equipe do enfermeiro no atributo das suas funções. No entanto para que isso aconteça, é preciso conhecimento atualizado para a aplicação da precaução.Descritores: Enfermagem, Prevenção, Úlcera por Pressão. The nurse acting in pressure ulcer prevention in institutionalized elderlyAbstract: The pressure ulcers (UPP) are skin lesions or soft tissue, usually located on areas of bony prominences, caused by increased external pressure. This is a bibliographic and qualitative review, whose source was the Bireme databases and objects were articles that met the inclusion criteria established. The analysis was based on Minayo (2014). As a result the following categories emerged: “nurses actions in UPP prevention represented by the correct executions of procedures” and “nursing shares represented by the use of assessment tools”. It is inferred that the prevention of UPP is nursing team duty in the attribute of their duties. However for this to happen, we need updated knowledge for the application of precaution.Descriptors: Nursing, Prevention, Pressure Ulcer. Las actuaciones de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en ancianosResumen: Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones en la piel o tejidos blandos, generalmente ubicados en áreas de prominencias óseas, causada por el aumento de la presión externa. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica y cualitativa, cuya fuente era las bases de datos y objetos de BIREME, fueron los artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. El análisis se basó en Minayo (2014). Como resultado surgieron las siguientes categorías: ”Las acciones de enfermería en la prevención de UPP representado por las ejecuciones correctas de procedimientos” y “acciones de enfermería representados por el uso de las herramientas de evaluación”. Se infiere que la prevención de UPP es deber equipo de enfermería en el atributo de sus funciones. Sin embargo, para que esto suceda, necesitamos el conocimiento actualizado para la aplicación de la precaución.Descriptores: Enfermería, Prevención, Úlcera por Presión.

Screening of High-risk Patients for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care: A Narrative Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponrathi Athilingam ◽  
Andrew Bugajski ◽  
Usha Menon
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
Risk Patients

UNSTRUCTURED Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predominantly affects older adults, and claimed 3 million lives in 2016, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over 35 million Americans aged 40 or older have lung function consistent with diagnosable COPD. COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a bidirectional relationship, in that one is a risk factor for developing the other. National and international consortiums recommend early screening of adults at risk of COPD, such as those with CVD. Recommended screening strategies include screening tools to assess symptoms, medical history, and handheld spirometry. Handheld spirometry has high diagnostic accuracy and if impaired lung function is indicated, these patients are referred for pulmonary function testing (PFT), the diagnostic gold standard for COPD. However, there is no clinical consensus for pulmonary screening in people with CVD. Current knowledge relating to the prevalence and incidence of CVD in people with COPD and the mechanisms that underlie their coexistence is key in combating the global burden of COPD.

From the Cochrane Library: Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Nong ◽  
Torunn Sivesind ◽  
Robert P. Dellavalle
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Systematic Review ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Ulcer Prevention

UNSTRUCTURED This article summarizes an important Cochrane systematic review on the evidence of foam surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.

scholarly journals Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and surgical treatment of patients with pressure ulcer

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Dragana Petrovic-Popovic ◽  
Milan Stojicic ◽  
Maja Nikolic-Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Bony Prominence ◽  
The University ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Reconstructive Methods

Introduction/Objective. A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence. It appears as a result of pressure or combination of pressure and shear. Pressure ulcers can be identified within a wide variety of patient subpopulations and a major role in their treatment plays epidemiological and etiological aspects. Methods. A retrospective study of data analysis included 72 patients with pressure ulcers that were hospitalized and surgically treated during a five-year period at the Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the University Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade. Main data features used in the analysis were: gender, age, principal diseases, comorbidities and biochemical indicators of malnutrition. The patients' data was obtained from the existing patients? records. Additionally, the study analyzed the method of treating pressure ulcers, types of reconstructive methods in surgical treatment, as well as the incidence rate of partial osteotomy. Results. A total of 72 patients with pressure ulcers were included into this study with 54.7 ? 16.1 mean age. Three times more patients injured in traffic accidents were male (75% vs. 25%), while the most of the patients with multiple sclerosis were female (85.7%). More than 95% of patients who had pressure ulcers of III or IV stage were treated surgically with a reconstructive method of transposition or rotation myocutaneous flap. The patient with pressure ulcer of stage IV was usually treated with partial osteotomy. Conclusion. A surgical reconstructive treatment with fasciocutaneous and myocutanaeous flaps represents a gold standard for treating patients with pressure ulcers. These procedures provide reconstruction with adequate flap coverage and obliteration of dead space with well-vascularized tissue but with necessity of further implementation of antidecubitus measures.

scholarly journals Coronary Shear Stress after Implantation of Bioresorbable Scaffolds – a Modern Interdisciplinary Concept at the Border between Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Dan Păsăroiu ◽  
Zsolt Parajkó ◽  
Ionuţ Ferenţ ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Annabell Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Bioresorbable Scaffolds ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Segment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Coronary Syndromes

Abstract Bioresorbable scaffolds/stents offer new and exciting perspectives in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially after the recent development of invasive imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography, which allow complete assessment of vascu-lar segments. A particular advantage of bioresorbable scaffolds is that once the biosorption of the scaffold is complete, the vascular segment regains its normal physiological functions, thus eliminating the risk of late complications. New studies show the importance of shear stress in the progression of vascular atherosclerosis or in accelerating endothelial turnover. Based on the current knowledge in this field, a future standardized determination of shear stress may help in the long-term follow-up of patients that have suffered or are at risk of developing an acute coronary syndrome.

scholarly journals Pressure ulcers and incontinence-associated dermatitis: effectiveness of the Pressure Ulcer Classification education tool on classification by nurses

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. e3-e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Beeckman ◽  
L. Schoonhoven ◽  
J. Fletcher ◽  
K. Furtado ◽  
H. Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Education Tool

Benign disease of the vulva

2020 ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
Rosalind Simpson ◽  
David Nunns
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Individualized Management ◽  
Vulval Disease ◽  
Careful Assessment

This chapter aims to enhance knowledge and skills in patient assessment, vulval examination, and treatment of vulval disease, specifically dermatological conditions and vulval pain. The prompt identification and treatment of vulval conditions can reduce anxiety, alleviate symptoms, and preserve an acceptable level of functioning for patients. Often simple measures can benefit the patient (e.g. use of emollients), but many have complex disease and can present with more than one condition so careful assessment and individualized management is essential. Combining treatment strategies is sometimes needed. Vulvodynia is not a skin condition but a chronic pain syndrome and is also covered in this chapter. It is important that health professionals work within their own competencies. Patients with complicated, rare, and treatment-refractory disease should be referred on to a vulval service for a multidisciplinary opinion.

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