Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia Dari Sisi Pendapatan Nasional Pendekatan Pengeluaran

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of Covid-19 on the Indonesian economy in terms of national income, which is calculated based on the expenditure method with components of household consumption, gross investment, expenditure and net exports, and future predictions, if the Covid-19 pandemic will continue in the future. long time. From the expenditure side, economic growth in quarter II-2020 compared to quarter II-2019 (y-on-y) contracted in all components. The deepest contraction occurred in the Export of Goods and Services Component of 11.66 percent, followed by the Gross Fixed Capital Formation Component with a contraction of 8.61 percent. The growth in the component of the LNPRT Consumption Expenditure contracted by 7.76 percent, and the growth in the Government Consumption Expenditure component contracted by 6.90 percent. When compared with the previous quarter (q-to-q), economic growth from the expenditure side contracted in all components except for the Government Consumption Component, which grew by 22.32 percent. This is due to an increase in spending on social assistance, especially for the response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The component that experienced the deepest contraction occurred in exports of goods and services amounting to 12.81 percent. Meanwhile, imports of goods and services as a subtracting component decreased by 14.16 percent.

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Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector

International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education ◽

10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0039 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 18-32

Author(s):

Revathi R. ◽

Madhushree ◽

P. S. Aithal

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Value Added ◽

Tax System ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Bank Branches ◽

Goods And Services ◽

The Government ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.

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Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in South Africa: VECM Approach

Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies ◽

10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Tshembhani Mackson HLONGWANE ◽

Itumeleng Pleasure MONGALE ◽

Lavisa TALA

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

South Africa ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

National Development ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Long Run ◽

Fixed Capital Formation ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Fiscal policy ensures macroeconomic stability as a precondition for growth at the macro level. This study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth of South Africa from 1960 to 2014 through a Cointegrated Vector Autoregression approach. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature as well as in designing effective fiscal policy programmes which can propel economic performance. Theresults of the long run estimates revealed that government tax revenue has a positive and significant long run influence on economic growth, whereas the government gross fixed capital formation and budget deficit have a negative impact on real GDP. For that reason, the study recommends that some expansionary fiscal policy measures should be strengthened since they play a very important role in the economy so as to meet the government target of the National Development Plan Vision for 2030.

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Impact of the government size on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries

Journal of Governance and Regulation ◽

10.22495/jgrv11i1art6 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

Roberta Bajrami ◽

Adelina Gashi ◽

Kosovare Ukshini ◽

Donat Rexha

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Government Spending ◽

Economic Freedom ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Government Size ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Government Consumption ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The Keynesian theory states that economic growth is positively affected by government spending, while Classical theory states that economic growth is negatively affected by government spending, as is stated by neoclassical public choice theorists (Nyasha & Odhiambo, 2019). Based on these theories, many authors have carried out research on the impact of economic freedom on economic growth by analyzing various empirical cases. Bergh and Karlsson (2010) with the findings from his paper confirmed that the countries with the highest government size have an elevated growth in the globalization index of KOF and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the government size impact on the growth of the economy in the Western Balkan in the time period 2000–2017 according to Fraser Institute’s data, incorporating the following econometric models: fixed and random effects, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), and Hausman-Taylor IV. With these models, this paper analyzes a government size and its components: government enterprises and investment, government consumption, transfers, and subsidies. The results illustrate a relationship between the size of the government and the growth of the economy in the Western Balkans that is positive. 1% increase in government size affects 0.29% gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita. According to the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable, 1% growth of government consumption is affected by 0.69% the decline in GDP per capita. The growth rate of transfers and subsidies affects 0.17% of GDP growth per capita and 1% of government enterprises and investment affects 0.54% GDP growth per capita.

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The Effect of Government Consumption and Government Investment as Intervening Variables to Growth in Indonesia

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.23917/jep.v20i2.6822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 193-207

Author(s):

Suparjito Suparjito ◽

Julianus Johnny Sarungu ◽

Albertus Magnus Soesilo ◽

Bhimo Rizky Samudro ◽

Erni Ummi Hasanah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Budget Deficit ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Government Investment ◽

Government Consumption ◽

The Government ◽

Investment Spending ◽

The Impact

Fiscal policy and monetary policy are the two macroeconomic policies used by the government and monetary authorities in order to create a stable economy. The budget deficit policy is one form of fiscal policy implemented by the government in order to realize a high level of economic growth, a controlled inflation rate and open up new job opportunities to reduce unemployment. The impact of the implementation of the budget deficit policy on the level of economic growth is a long debate. Neoclassical groups argue that the implementation of budget deficit policies is detrimental to the economy, as it lowers the rate of economic growth. Keynesian groups argue that the implementation of the budget deficit policy is very good for the economy, because it triggers the rate of economic growth by increasing the number of demand for goods and services through increased government spending. While the Richardian people argue that the implementation of budget deficit policy has no effect on the economy. The data used in this study is data from 1981-2014 which consists of budget deficit, government consumption, government investment and economic growth rate. The method of analysis in this research is using Partial Least Square-Path Modeling (PLS-PM) approach with SMART-PLS analysis tool which aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the implementation of budget deficit policy toward the level of economic growth through government consumption and government investment. The results show that the implementation of the budget deficit policy can increase economic growth through increased government investment spending. Keywords: budget deficits, government investment, government consumption, growth.

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ANALISIS DETERMINAN PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI MAKRO RUMAH TANGGA DI INDONESIA

Signifikan Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi ◽

10.15408/sigf.v3i2.2063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Puspi Eko Wiranthi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Interest Rates ◽

National Income ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Consumption Expenditure ◽

Fuel Prices ◽

The Government ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Stability ◽

Household Incomes

Domination allocation of Gross Domestic Product by its use in household consumption expenditure showed the importance of this type of expenditure to national economic growth and the household welfare. Under these conditions, this study aims to analyze the development of household consumption expenditure in Indonesia during the period 2000 to 2014 and the factors that influence the household consumption expenditure. By using multiple linear regressions, the study finds that the factors of national income, interest rates and fuel prices significantly affect national household consumption expenditure. To further boost economic growth and welfare, the government should imply appropriate policies by increasing household incomes through the expansion of employment opportunities, as well as maintaining the stability of interest rates and minimizing the negative impacts of the rising of oil prices.DOI:10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2063

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THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppaapav.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayana Workneh

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Monetary Policy ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

National Income ◽

Policy Coordination ◽

Gross National Income ◽

African Countries ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Panel Vector Autoregression

The prime purpose of this article was to investigate the monetary and fiscal policy interaction and their impact on economic growth in a panel of 35 sub-Saharan African economies from 1980 to 2018. To achieve this objective, the study employs a Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) estimation technique. Using a PVAR approach, we show that an expansionary fiscal policy through tax revenue and an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via broad money supply have a positive effect on gross national income, whereas an expansionary fiscal policy through the government spending have a contractionary impact on gross national income. We also find that an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via real exchange rate has no effect on gross national income. Finally, we show evidence that there is a negative and significant relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy and thus supporting the need of policy coordination between fiscal and monetary policies. Therefore, to have continuous and sustainable economic growth, the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is vital, and the lack of this coordination leads to a sharp downturn of overall economic performance, even can hurt the economy The empirical results also show that the variation in gross national income is more explained by fiscal policy variables than monetary policy variables which show fiscal policy is more effective than monetary policy in influencing gross national income.

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Economic Development And Its Measurement

Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan ◽

10.46781/al-mutharahah.v18i1.266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 80-90

Author(s):

Muhammad Erwin Soaduan Pohan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

National Income ◽

National Development ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Gradual Development ◽

The Face ◽

The Rich ◽

The Government

National development seeks to achieve fairly high economic growth, the ultimate goal of which will be to improve the quality of life and welfare for the entire community. Economic growth is interrelated with the process of increasing the production of goods and services in people's economic activities. In other words, growth is a single-dimensional development and is assessed by increasing production output and increasing income. This shows an increase in national income which is reflected by the total number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Indonesia, as a developing country, is in the midst of carrying out planned and gradual development, without neglecting the efforts of equity and stability in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has made a number of sources of funds used to maintain public health so that for development and equitable distribution of the people's economy, the government is expected to recover immediately. People's economy slumped. Economic growth is a long-term economic problem and is a fundamental phenomenon in every country today. The process of economic growth has parameters with measurements through GNP, foreign exchange reserves, the balance of payments balance, and others. However, Islam commands humans to uphold justice in all issues related to muamalah, including economic justice. Zakat is one of the pillars in reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. QS At Taubah 60 explains that humans are entitled to receive zakat, the first 4 parties are high priority and the second 4 parties are low priority. Through the Amil Zakat Agency as an official government institution, the portrait of economic inequality can be reduced from year to year. This agency has become a reference for the international community as an innovative and massive agency or institution in helping the people.

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The Effect of Government Expenditures on Economic Growth. the Case of Albania

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p242-253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 242

Author(s):

Lorena Çakerri ◽

Migena Petanaj ◽

Oltiana Muharremi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Policy ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Government Spending ◽

National Income ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Government Expenditures ◽

Global Crisis ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

One of the main issues of economic policy and government is to ensure a sustainable economic growth of a country.Economic growth has been at the center of every government in place since at least year 2000.Though for this teen-year ,growth values were satisfactory in Albania, the macroeconomic situation changed in 2009,when appeared the elements of the global crisis. Economic global crisis has awakened interest in the case of fiscal policy.Fiscal policy and monetary policy as well, are two basci components of state economic policy which are used for macroeconomic purposes:influence of gross domestic product, the level of enmployment, income and price level. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are government expenditures and taxes. Government expenditures are considered as the most powerful weapon available to fiscal policy makers, especially in developing countries such as Albania. During the last century , governments have spent more and more in relation to their national income. This increase in government spending can be explained by the impact that this variable can have on the economic growth of a country? In fact ,about the connection between the government spending and the economic growth of a country various studies seem full of contradictions.This conflict is explained by changes in terms of definitions and from the differencies of the various countries included in these studies. The objective of this study is to give an appropriate answer to the question : Can government spending have the potential to impact and stimulate economic growth? How the changes of the size of the fiscal policy instruments have affected indicators of economic growth in Albania? This article will focus on the role that the fiscal policy has on economic growth , especially in our country, reviewing economic growth theories, debates about the effectiveness of fiscal policy , and active fiscal policy. Finally some suggestions for the future addressing the government expenditures towards priority sectors.

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Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in South Africa: VECM Approach

Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies ◽

10.22610/jebs.v10i2(j).2232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2(J)) ◽

pp. 231-238

Author(s):

Tshembhani Mackson HLONGWANE ◽

Itumeleng Pleasure MONGALE ◽

Lavisa TALA

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

South Africa ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

National Development ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Long Run ◽

Fixed Capital Formation ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

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Driving forces and structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea

Journal of Korea Trade ◽

10.1108/jkt-03-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 194-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yongqi Feng ◽

Tianshu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Driving Force ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Consumption Expenditure ◽

Input Output ◽

Content Type ◽

Fixed Capital Formation ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the driving forces and structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea. This paper gives the answers for the following questions: How do China’s final demands trigger the growth of its imports from Korea? And what’s the impact of China’s final demands on the import in different industries? Design/methodology/approach Based on the Multi-Regional Input-Output model and World Input-Output Table database, this paper constructs the non-competitive imports input-output (IO) table of China to Korea. According to this table, we can calculate the induced imports coefficient and comprehensive induced import coefficients of China’s four final demands for imports from Korea in the 56 industries in China. Findings Among the four driving forces, the strongest one is changes in inventories and valuables. The impact of final consumption expenditure and fixed capital formation is much lower than that of changes in inventories and valuables, but they have a broader impact for the 56 industries. This paper finds out the China’s import induction of the final demands to Korea peaked in 2005 and 2010 and decreased greatly in 2014, so the position of China as market provider for Korea will no longer rise substantially, contrarily it will be in a steady state. Originality/value First, this paper constructs the non-competitive IO table to analyze the market provider issues between two countries and provides practical ways and methods for studies on the issues of imports and market provider. Second, this paper investigates the different roles of four final demands on driving force of China as market provider for Korea and the structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea among 56 industries from 2000 to 2014.

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