scholarly journals African Perspective of the Challenges and Prospects of Massification of Higher Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Dr. Simon Kibet Kipchumba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Massification Of Higher Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education In Africa

This article provides an overview of massification on higher education in Africa over the past four decades. It discusses the forces behind its expansion, challenges and prospects in its attempt to offer quality education. In recent years, Africa's higher education has undergone an unprecedented transformation, including the phenomenal expansion of the sector in terms of numbers and diversity of institutions and academic programmes, rapid growth in enrollments, development of quality assurance frameworks, and enhancement of institutional governance, among other things. These transformations are a consequence of many new events, which have allowed the sector to start regaining its key position in terms of Africa's development. In Africa, the massification of higher education has taken place mainly because of advancement at primary and secondary education levels, therefore, resulting in a large group of graduates seeking access to higher education. Africa has witnessed increased enrollments into post-secondary training institutions, and therefore, higher education has faced challenges such as funding, institutional management and governance, quality and relevance and strain on its infrastructure. Massification in higher education in Africa is characterised by capacity expansion both in private and public universities in the wake of the high demand. Massification has brought in some of the prospects such as continuous improvement in education systems, innovations, knowledge management, and country’s development. The study concludes that the government should provide some assistance to universities and colleges but restrict their establishment and growth to those that can provide new programs in areas of critical need such as technology, economics and sciences.

scholarly journals Massification of Higher Education in Malaysia: Challenges Facing Public Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Arnida Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
School Education ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
Massification Of Higher Education ◽  
The Government

AbstractHigher education plays an important role in many developing countries. Graduates are being equipped with professional knowledge and skills to fulfil the demands of the labour market in a knowledge economy. Malaysia is amongst those developing nations that have looked to advanced economies to provide a model of mass higher education which would raise educational levels and national income. Since the 1990s, therefore, the government has been expanding the higher education sector and broadening access to higher education institutions. Its goal is to boost higher education enrollments rate from 48 percent to 70 percent by the year 2025 (Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2015). The need to respond to this expansion of higher education enrolments has implications for all three levels of school education - primary, lower secondary and upper secondary. Using secondary data, this study aims to explore challenges currently facing public schools in order to produce graduates with good academic results that enable them to gain a place in higher institutions. The findings of this study have provided evidence that school education system is still facing great challenges. A key to making higher education more effective, therefore, is to strengthen and improve Malaysia’s public schools.AbstrakPendidikan tinggi memainkan peran penting di banyak negara berkembang. Para lulusan sedang dilengkapi dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan profesional untuk memenuhi tuntutan pasar tenaga kerja dalam pengetahuan ekonomi. Malaysia adalah salah satu negara berkembang yang telah mencari ekonomi maju untuk menyediakan model pendidikan tinggi massal yang akan meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan nasional. Sejak 1990-an, oleh karena itu, pemerintah telah memperluas sektor pendidikan tinggi dan memperluas akses ke institusi pendidikan tinggi. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan tingkat pendaftaran pendidikan tinggi dari 48 persen menjadi 70 persen pada tahun 2025 (Departemen Pendidikan Malaysia, 2015). Kebutuhan untuk menanggapi perluasan pendaftaran pendidikan tinggi ini berimplikasi pada ketiga tingkat pendidikan sekolah-sekolah dasar, menengah bawah, dan menengah atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tantangan yang saat ini dihadapi sekolah umum untuk menghasilkan lulusan dengan hasil akademik yang baik yang memungkinkan mereka mendapatkan tempat di institusi yang lebih tinggi. Temuan penelitian ini telah memberikan bukti bahwa sistem pendidikan sekolah masih menghadapi tantangan besar. Oleh karena itu, kunci untuk membuat pendidikan tinggi lebih efektif adalah memperkuat dan meningkatkan sekolah-sekolah negeri di Malaysia. How to Cite : Abdullah, A. (2018).  Massification of Higher Education in Malaysia: Challenges Facing Public Schools. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 225-235. doi:10.15408/tjems.v5i2.8118.

scholarly journals Tax justice of the reform of higher education: tuition fees or tax relief?

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Pavel Semerád ◽  
Veronika Sobotková
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
University Leaders ◽  
Tuition Fee

This paper deals with the current reform of higher education which is now being discussed in the Czech Republic. The Government and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports propose a tuition fee for students at universities but there is still no clear concept of it. University leaders and students are against the tuition fee because of their fear of getting into debt during their study. The aim of this paper is to show an alternative way of funding higher education without tuition fee loans and from the point of view of tax justice. According to the concept of horizontal justice (Mankiw, 1999) taxpayers should pay taxes at the same rate, but it does not work this way. The result of research is that changes in Act 586/1992 Coll., on income tax and in Act 117/1995 Coll., on state social welfare are required. Abolition of tax relief is proposed where discrimination against other taxpayers and groups of students could occur. By abolition of tax relief for a student and tax relief for a dependent child the amounts of 4,020 CZK and 13,404 CZK respectively could be saved. Changes in legislation could be politically more acceptable than the tuition fee. The solution could also lead to simplification for taxpayers. The target should be equal access to higher education for all students.

scholarly journals Academic Drift in Canadian Institutions of Higher Education: Research Mandates, Strategy, and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Lane D. Trotter ◽  
Amy Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Degree Completion ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Academic Drift ◽  
Secondary Systems ◽  
Community Pressure ◽  
The University ◽  
Market Pressures

As with higher-education institutions around the world, British Columbia (BC) and Ontario are increasingly faced with demographic and market pressures that erode the traditional difference between the university and non-university sectors (i.e., colleges and institutes). Key components that ensure these provinces’ institutions preserve their unique roles and differentiations in a changing context, partially driven by their governments, include research mandates, transparency in institutional governance, and strategic documents that resist the academic drift created by institutional isomorphism. Both governments are actively reshaping their post-secondary systems to align with national or regional economic needs, increasing access, streamlining degree completion, and responding to community pressure to have a university or a degree-granting institution. An analysis of the enabling legislation, government policy directives, and institutional documents of both provinces shows that there is a blurring in the distinction between colleges and universities, and the costs associated with this.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ANGKA PARTISIPASI PERGURUAN TINGGI PADA 32 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2013-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Siti Habibah ◽  
Yudha Perdana Putra ◽  
Yulindo Mandala Putra
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Government School ◽  
Enrollment Rate ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The Government

The Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education Level (Tertiery Education) can show the quality of government services to the right of the community to access to higher education. The Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education Level also shows that people can easily access to tertiery education. This study aims to determine the factors that influence change in Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education Level. The analysis was conducted by looking at four aspects that replaced the change of the Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education, namely aspects of government, school, household, and regional characteristics. The data used are provincial level panel data, which is estimated using econometry through the analysis of the Fixed Estimation Method (FEM). The result shows that not all used variables in this study significantly affecting in change of the Gross Enrollment Rates of Higher Education. Significant variables on changes in Enrollment Rate of Higher Education include: (1) central government allocations in the field of higher education to GDRB (representing aspects of government); (2) Lecturer-Student Ratio (representing aspects of Higher Education); and (3) population (representing aspects of regional characteristics). Meanwhile, the number of Universities (representing aspects of Higher Education) and GRDP per capita (representing aspects of the Household) are not significantly to affect the Gross Enrollment Rates of Higher Education. This study may be used as input for the Government to formulate the policies as an effort to improve access to higher education through increasing of  the Enrollment Rates  of Higher Education. Keywords : gross enrollment rates, universities, provinces, data panels Abstrak      APK Perguruan Tinggi dapat menunjukkan kualitas layanan pemerintah terhadap hak masyarakat dalam memperoleh akses pendidikan tinggi. APK perguruan tinggi juga menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memperoleh kemudahan akses menempuh pendidikan tinggi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka partisipasi perguruan tinggi. Analisis dilakukan dengan melihat empat aspek yang diduga mempengaruhi perubahan APK Perguruan Tinggi, yaitu aspek pemerintah, sekolah, rumah tangga, dan karakteristik daerah. Data yang digunakan merupakan data panel tingkat provinsi, yang diestimasi dengan pendekatan ekonometri melalui analisis Fixed Estimation Method (FEM). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua variabel dari keempat aspek tersebut diduga berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan APK Perguruan Tinggi. Variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan APK Perguruan Tinggi antara lain: (1) porsi pengeluaran pemerintah pusat di bidang pendidikan tinggi terhadap PDRB (mewakili aspek pemerintah); (2) Rasio Dosen-Mahasiswa (mewakili aspek Perguruan Tinggi); dan (3) jumlah populasi (mewakili aspek karakteristik daerah). Sementara itu, variabel jumlah Perguruan Tinggi (mewakili aspek Perguruan Tinggi) dan PDRB per kapita (mewakili aspek Rumah Tangga) diduga tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan APK Perguruan Tinggi). Hasil penelitian ini kiranya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan masukan bagi Pemerintah untuk merumuskan kebijakan dalam upaya peningkatan akses pendidikan tinggi melalui peningkatan APK Perguruan Tinggi. Kata kunci: angka partisipasi kasar, perguruan tinggi, provinsi, data panel.

scholarly journals Widening access to higher education for low-income students: a Brazilian case study (1990s-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO CIVINELLI TORNEL DA SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Access ◽  
Widening Access ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This article analyses the widening access policies implemented by Brazil during the 1990s and in 2016. It cites and evaluates the different strategies used by the government, such as student loans, needs-based and race-based quotas. In the context of a highly privatized sector, in which for-profit higher education institutions account for over half of the existing higher education institutions in Brazil, the results display a relative growth in higher education access based on minorities and needs-based communities. However, it also showcases some trends not achieved as originally planned by the government (specially increasing higher education participation in regions other than the south and the southeast) and serves as a point requiring further research to evaluate the influence on the lives of students and graduates. This study uses government and publicly available sources to analyse the impact of this strategy over time.

scholarly journals Education and Vocational Training in Kosovo, A Challenge and Objective of the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1970-1982
Author(s):  
Ph.D. Safet Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Eu

Classes in Kosovo are held in private and public educational institutions. Education in Kosovo went through very hard phases and challenges especially in the years 1990/1999 since differences and the need for change made us not entirely prepared. After the establishment of Kosovo Institutions, the Department of Education and Science (DES) was established within the Ministry of Education. The primary aim was to establish the legal and professional basis as a frontline of the reform of our education system, especially the acceptance of the Bologna processes that facilitate the radical reform of general and vocational education. This paper will address the aspects of reforming and progression of vocational secondary education, vocational schools, and correspondence to the needs of the EU market and the possibility of implementing in post-secondary and university higher education.

scholarly journals Public Policy and ICTs for Higher Education of Disabled Students in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Akmal .
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Government

The Indonesian government’s policy on inclusive education determined that students with all type of disabilities (physical, mental and social) should be mainstreamed into general schools regardless post-secondary schools/colleges/universities. As a result, those disabled graduating from vocational high school should be satisfied with non-formal occupation. By improving their scientific enquiries through ICT aid, they could pursue further education in accounting, management, architecture, design graphics, translator, etc and enjoy formal occupations for a much better income. This paperexamines to what extent the government policies have or have not effectivelypromoted the rights of the disabled to higher education and training via the use of information communication technology. This paper draws on a survey of fivehigh schools for the disabled at Central Java and Yogyakarta with total of 170 students. It was found that there is no Presidential Decree or Ministerial Decree on post-secondary education /higher education of the disabled. Even the Presidential Decree No 75 of 2015 was oriented to the national action plan for the disabled (2015-2019) such as implementing the respect, protection, fulfillment, enforcement, and promotion of human rights in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Muslim Private Higher Educational Institutions in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges

ICR Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-488
Author(s):  
Rosnani Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Private Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The Government

Privatisation of higher education is a global trend. There is an increasing demand for higher education due to the nature of work and economy today, and public universities and colleges cannot meet the demand with their limited financial resources from the government. Private higher education institutions (PHEI) seem to be the most attractive alternative to public universities and colleges in opening greater access to higher education. Malaysia is no exception, having about 25 private universities, 22 private university colleges and 410 private colleges and institutes. About a fourth of these PHEIs are Islamic institutions going by the name of the institutions or their ownership. However, private higher education institutions have their own issues and challenges. The most serious of them are preserving the philosophical goal of a balanced and integrated education despite market demands and sustaining its operation financially amidst a competitive environment. Yet, there are several opportunities for Islamic PHEIs especially in terms of international collaboration and exchanges. This article is an attempt to examine these issues and challenges or opportunities.

Marital Adjustment and Emotional Maturity among Dual Career Couples

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Sheetal Khatri ◽  
Dr. Manju
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Dual Career Couples ◽  
Women In The Workforce ◽  
The Government ◽  
Day By Day

Women in early centuries were restricted to their home, a very few women had the access to higher education. They were forced to be at the mercy of their father and husband. But in the present scenario, women working everywhere can be seen in India or outside. As the education, awareness and opportunities for the women provided by the government are increasing day by day, and they have been honoredso the women started working outside. Dual career couples are attracting fresh attention in recent years mainly due to the growing involvement of women in the workforce.

Higher Education for Whom? Higher Education for What?

2017 ◽  
pp. 104-134
Author(s):  
Brooke Midkiff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Completion ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
College Completion Rates ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
First Offers

This chapter provides a critical quantitative examination of issues related to increasing access to higher education in the United States. The chapter first offers insights into the utility of using empirical evidence within a critical, theoretical framework to unpack underlying issues of expanding accessibility. Specifically, critical theory is used to excavate the limits of liberal approaches to expanding higher education through increasing access, coupled with empirical analysis of disparities in college completion rates. That is, while increasing access is important, access is hardly enough to decrease social and economic gaps. Issues of hegemony within higher education are examined through an examination of which students, despite increased access to higher education broadly, have access to specific types of post-secondary educational experiences.

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