scholarly journals Fluoxetine can make marine organisms unhappy: a study on the sub-lethal effects on marine invertebrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Pauly G.F.E. ◽  
Vallim A.L. ◽  
Merguizo R.A.C. ◽  
Daniel G. ◽  
Ramaglia A.C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Effect Concentration

The environmental effects caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs have been investigated for marine organisms and coastal ecosystems but are scarce in neotropical organisms. This investigation aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of fluoxetine on the embryonic development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter and the survival and swimming behavior of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. The organisms were exposed to four different concentrations of fluoxetine (30, 300, 3000 and 30000 ng L-1) and to a negative control (filtered seawater), following the respective standard testing protocols. We verified a significant reduction of the embryos development to pluteus larvae, starting from 3000 ng L-1 (54.0±10.9% normal larvae), in comparison with the controls (83.5±3.1%). The non-observed effect concentration (NOEC) was estimated at 300 ng L-1, and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 3000 ng L-1. In the behavior tests with Artemia sp, no significant adverse effects were reported for mobility, swimming speed and inactivity time. These results show that Fluoxetine can interfere on the development of species like the sea urchin E. lucunter, but short term exposure did not affected the swimming behavior of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Fluoxetine presents thus a potential to affect marine biota and disrupt the equilibrium of the coastal ecosystems.

scholarly journals PAHs and PCBs Affect Functionally Intercorrelated Genes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12498
Author(s):  
Luisa Albarano ◽  
Valerio Zupo ◽  
Marco Guida ◽  
Giovanni Libralato ◽  
Davide Caramiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Real Time Qpcr

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent the most common pollutants in the marine sediments. Previous investigations demonstrated short-term sublethal effects of sediments polluted with both contaminants on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after 2 months of exposure in mesocosms. In particular, morphological malformations observed in P. lividus embryos deriving from adults exposed to PAHs and PCBs were explained at molecular levels by de novo transcriptome assembly and real-time qPCR, leading to the identification of several differentially expressed genes involved in key physiological processes. Here, we extensively explored the genes involved in the response of the sea urchin P. lividus to PAHs and PCBs. Firstly, 25 new genes were identified and interactomic analysis revealed that they were functionally connected among them and to several genes previously defined as molecular targets of response to the two pollutants under analysis. The expression levels of these 25 genes were followed by Real Time qPCR, showing that almost all genes analyzed were affected by PAHs and PCBs. These findings represent an important further step in defining the impacts of slight concentrations of such contaminants on sea urchins and, more in general, on marine biota, increasing our knowledge of molecular targets involved in responses to environmental stressors.

Effect of caffeine on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of marine macroalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ira Gray ◽  
Lindsay A. Green-Gavrielidis ◽  
Carol Thornber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Caffeine is present in coastal environments worldwide and there is a need to assess its impact on marine organisms. Here, we exposed two species of ecologically important marine macroalgae (Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile subsp. fragile) to a suite of caffeine concentrations and measured their response. Caffeine concentrations of 10–100 ng L−1 had no significant effect on the growth rate or photosynthetic efficiency of either algae. Extremely high concentrations (100–200 mg L−1), which may occur acutely, produced sublethal effects for both species and mortality in C. fragile subsp. fragile. Our results highlight the need to understand how caffeine impacts marine species.

scholarly journals Histopathological evaluation of formalin toxicity in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025
Author(s):  
Sanny M. Andrade-Porto ◽  
Cleverson A. Ramos ◽  
Rosemary Roque ◽  
Elizabeth G. Affonso ◽  
José F.M. Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrodynamic Equilibrium

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration and the structural and ultra-structural effects caused by the formalin exposure on juveniles of Arapaima gigas. Ninety fish (60.1± 2.5g and 20.2±0.9cm) were exposed to 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 in order to determine the lethal concentration (LC50-96h) that was 36.4mg L-1 of formalin. Sublethal effects were evaluated using histopathological analysis on the gills and assessment of behavioral alterations and clinical signs. The LC50 of formalin for 24, 48 and 72h was 88.3, 64.7 and 56.8mg L-1 respectively. Clinical signs and behavioral changes were found: erratic swimming, lethargy, crowding on the water surface, loss of hydrodynamic equilibrium, spasms and agonistic confrontation, which were observed only at 88 and 110mg L-1. The histological alteration index (HAI) showed that 66, 88 and 100mg L-1 presented significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to unexposed fish, indicating that moderate damage to the gills of fish exposed to formalin had occurred. The mean values of alteration (MVA) for 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 were 1.14, 1.29, 1.51, 1.53 and 1.60 respectively, and differences in this index were only observed with 110 mgL-1 of formalin. It is therefore possible to conclude that sublethal concentrations of formalin (22.0mg L-1) did not compromise the health of juveniles of A. gigas. Finally, concentrations greater than to LC50-96h may be carefully used for short-term exposure, since the MVA for all concentrations tested only indicated localized lesions that did not compromise gills functionality of exposed fish.

Limited Arsenic Dispersion in Sea Water, Sediments, and Biota Near a Continuous Source

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Penrose ◽  
Robert Black ◽  
Michael J. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Continuous Source

Moreton’s Harbour, Newfoundland, has been exposed to arsenic-bearing drainage and leaching from a stibnite mine for at least 38 yr and possibly longer than 84 yr. Measurements of inorganic arsenic in sea water and sediments and total arsenic in some marine organisms revealed a very limited influence of continuous exposure to arsenic in the small harbor. Arsenic concentrations in surface water declined to normal within 200 m, and in sediments within 50 m. Animals did not show significantly higher levels nearer the mine, with the exception of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, which accumulated significantly higher levels of arsenic adjacent to the mine site.

Changes in Territorial, Gill-flaring, and Feeding Behavior in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following Short-term Pulses of Suspended Sediment

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Berg ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Stream

The territorial, gill-flaring, and feeding behavior of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a laboratory stream was disrupted by short-term exposure to suspended sediment pulses. At the higher turbidities tested (30 and 60 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)), dominance hierarchies broke down, territories were not defended, and gill flaring occurred more frequently. Only after return to lower turbidities (0–20 NTU) was social organization reestablished. The reaction distance of the fish to adult brine shrimp decreased significantly in turbid water (30 and 60 NTU) as did capture success per strike and the percentage of prey ingested. Implications of these behavioral modifications suggest that the fitness of salmonid populations exposed to short-term pulses of suspended sediment may be impaired.

Ecotoxicological assessment of diethylene glycol on marine organisms and potential effect concentration

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tornambè ◽  
Livia Mariani ◽  
Angela Sarni ◽  
Loredana Manfra ◽  
Olga Faraponova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Effect Concentration

Short-term exposure to gold nanoparticle suspension impairs swimming behavior in a widespread calanoid copepod

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Gaël Michalec ◽  
Markus Holzner ◽  
Alexandre Barras ◽  
Anne-Sophie Lacoste ◽  
Loïc Brunet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Adinningtyas Intansari ◽  
Al Munawir ◽  
Laksmi Indreswari
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage

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