Effect of caffeine on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of marine macroalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ira Gray ◽  
Lindsay A. Green-Gavrielidis ◽  
Carol Thornber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Caffeine is present in coastal environments worldwide and there is a need to assess its impact on marine organisms. Here, we exposed two species of ecologically important marine macroalgae (Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile subsp. fragile) to a suite of caffeine concentrations and measured their response. Caffeine concentrations of 10–100 ng L−1 had no significant effect on the growth rate or photosynthetic efficiency of either algae. Extremely high concentrations (100–200 mg L−1), which may occur acutely, produced sublethal effects for both species and mortality in C. fragile subsp. fragile. Our results highlight the need to understand how caffeine impacts marine species.

Review of the problems

1979 ◽  
Vol 286 (1015) ◽  
pp. 399-424 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
High Concentrations

Sublethal effects of pollution may be significant to survival of a stock of marine fish or even a species. Such effects sometimes lead to reproductive failure and have been identified so far only in freshwater systems. Atlantic salmon have disappeared from many streams in Europe and eastern North America, partly as a result of pollution in their freshwater spawning areas and in their estuarine nursing grounds. Reductions in populations of marine fishes due to pollution solely have not yet been demonstrated. However, Baltic Sea seals, where reproductive failure is apparently associated with high concentrations of DDT and polychlorinated biphenyl in the blubber, may have suffered a decline owing to the presence of these organochlorines. Sublethal effects of pollutants have been studied in the laboratory, essentially under four categories: (1) physiology (growth, swimming performance, respiration, circulation); (2) biochemistry/cell structure (blood chemistry, enzyme activity, endocrinology, histochemistry); (3) behaviour/neurophysiology; and (4) reproduction. Not all pollutants elicit meaningful responses in all categories, and a response is not always linear with pollutant concentration. For application to survival of populations the response has to be ultimately related to a healthy progression through a full life cycle, including successful reproduction. In recent time, physiological studies have moved into polluted marine environments with mobile laboratories having continuous sampling capability, to observe effects of pollutants in situ on marine organisms. The Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (Cepex) in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, endeavours to investigate the effects of low concentrations of pollutants on marine organisms in large plastic silos having a slow replacement of water.

scholarly journals Experiments on some effects of certain environmental factors on Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Eifion Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
The Church

At an early stage of an autecological study of Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss it seemed possible that the best growth of the plants occurred in places, such as the Achill Sound and the Church Island Channel in the Menai Straits, where, in the absence of heavy wave action, strong currents flowed over the plants. Experiments were carried out, in the sea, to investigate the effect of currents on the growth rate; the apparatus used and described here would probably be suitable for the investigation of current effects on other sedentary marine organisms.These experiments also led to some observations on the effects of illumination on the pigmentation and growth rate of the plants which were supplemented by laboratory experiments. High intensity illumination in the laboratory also demonstrated positive phototropism in the plant.

scholarly journals Marine Natural Products from the Yucatan Peninsula

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawrin Pech-Puch ◽  
Mar Pérez-Povedano ◽  
Oscar A. Lenis-Rojas ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Mexico is one of the three areas of the world with the greatest terrestrial and cultural biological diversity. The diversity of Mexican medicinal flora has been studied for a long time and several bioactive compounds have been isolated. The investigation of marine resources, and particularly the potential of Mexican marine resources, has not been intensively investigated, even though the Yucatan Peninsula occupies 17.4% of the total of the Mexican coast, with great biological diversity in its coasts and the ocean. There are very few studies on the chemistry of natural products from marine organisms that were collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula and most of them are limited to the evaluation of the biological activity of their organic extracts. The investigations carried out on marine species from the Yucatan Peninsula resulted in the identification of a wide structural variety of natural products that include polyketides, terpenoids, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifouling, and neurotoxic activities. This review describes the literature of bioprospecting and the exploration of the natural product diversity of marine organisms from the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula up to mid-2019.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Level and Mechanisms of Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Nanofibers, and Silicon Nanotubes in Bioassay with Four Marine Microalgae

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Pikula ◽  
Vladimir Chaika ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Zhanna Markina ◽  
Aleksey Vedyagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Living Organisms

Nanoparticles (NPs) have various applications in medicine, cosmetics, optics, catalysis, environmental purification, and other areas nowadays. With an increasing annual production of NPs, the risks of their harmful influence to the environment and human health is rising. Currently, our knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between NPs and living organisms is limited. Additionally, poor understanding of how physical and chemical characteristic and different conditions influence the toxicity of NPs restrict our attempts to develop the standards and regulations which might allow us to maintain safe living conditions. The marine species and their habitat environment are under continuous stress due to anthropogenic activities which result in the appearance of NPs in the aquatic environment. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare biochemical effects caused by the influence of different types of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and silica nanotubes on four marine microalgae species. We evaluated the changes in growth-rate, esterase activity, membrane polarization, and size changes of microalgae cells using flow cytometry method. Our results demonstrated that toxic effects caused by the carbon nanotubes strongly correlated with the content of heavy metal impurities in the NPs. More hydrophobic carbon NPs with less ordered structure had a higher impact on the red microalgae P. purpureum because of higher adherence between the particles and mucous covering of the algae. Silica NPs caused significant inhibition of microalgae growth-rate predominantly produced by mechanical influence.

Growth and Doping Kinetics of GexSil-x Structures by Limited Reaction Processing

1989 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Garone ◽  
J.C. Sturm ◽  
P.V. Schwartz ◽  
S.A. Schwarz ◽  
B. Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Boron Doping ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Simple Kinetic Model ◽  
Silicon Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reaction Processing ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Growth Experiments

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the growth rate and boron doping of Sil-xGex epitaxial films grown by Limited Reaction Processing The growth experiments were carried out at a pressure of 6.0 torr with growth temperatures ranging from 625°C to 1000°C. The growth rate increases rapidly upon the additon of a small germane flow to the dichlorosilane in the reaction-rate-limited growth regime, and can not be explained simply by germanium incorporation. The presence of germane can increase the silicon growth rate by up to a factor of one hundred. Boron doping was also studied at high concentrations of boron in Si and Sil-xGex epitaxial films as a function of diborane flow and growth rate supports a simple kinetic model rather than an equilibrium model.

Arsenic species in seafood: Origin and human health implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Francesconi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Toxicology ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Organoarsenic Compound ◽  
High Concentrations

The presence of arsenic in marine samples was first reported over 100 years ago, and shortly thereafter it was shown that common seafood such as fish, crustaceans, and molluscs contained arsenic at exceedingly high concentrations. It was noted at the time that this seafood arsenic was probably present as an organically bound species because the concentrations were so high that if the arsenic had been present as an inorganic species it would certainly have been toxic to the humans consuming seafood. Investigations in the late 1970s identified the major form of seafood arsenic as arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+CH2COO–], a harmless organoarsenic compound which, following ingestion by humans, is rapidly excreted in the urine. Since that work, however, over 50 additional arsenic species have been identified in marine organisms, including many important food products. For most of these arsenic compounds, the human toxicology remains unknown. The current status of arsenic in seafood will be discussed in terms of the possible origin of these compounds and the implications of their presence in our foods.

Impacts of UV radiation on growth and photosynthetic carbon acquisition in Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) under phosphorus-limited and replete conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Xu ◽  
Kunshan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Gracilaria Lemaneiformis ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) is known to negatively affect macroalgal growth and photosynthesis, while phosphorus availability may affect their sensitivity to UVR. Here, we show that UV-A enhanced the growth rate of the red macroalga, Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory de Saint-Vincent under inorganic phosphorus (Pi)-replete but reduced it under Pi-limited conditions. Maximal net photosynthetic rates were significantly reduced by both UV-A and UV-B, but the apparent photosynthetic efficiency was enhanced in the presence of UV-A. The UV-induced inhibition was exacerbated under Pi-limited conditions. The activity of total carbonic anhydrase was enhanced and the photosynthetic affinity for exogenous inorganic carbon (Ci) was raised for thalli grown in the presence of UVR under both Pi-replete and Pi-limited conditions. The relative growth rate was closely related to Ci acquisition capability (Vmax/KDIC), which was enhanced by UVR exposure under Pi-replete but not significantly affected under Pi-limited conditions.

Ochrobactrum tritici strain 5bvl1 — characterization of a Cr(VI)-resistant and Cr(VI)-reducing strain

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Branco ◽  
M Carmen Alpoim ◽  
Paula V Morais
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Ochrobactrum Tritici

Bacterial strain 5bvl1, isolated from a chromium-contaminated wastewater treatment plant and identified as Ochrobactrum tritici, was resistant to a broad range of antibiotics, to Cr(VI), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), and was able to grow in the presence of 5% NaCl and within the pH range 4–10. Characterization showed that strain 5bvl1 could be considered a halotolerant and alkalitolerant microorganism resistant to high concentrations of Cr(VI). This strain was able to grow aerobically in up to 10 mmol·L–1 Cr(VI). Cr(VI) resistance was independent of sulphate concentration. Under aerobic conditions strain 5bvl1 was also able to reduce high Cr(VI) concentrations (up to 1.7 mmol·L–1). Increasing concentrations of Cr(VI) in the medium lowered the growth rate of strain 5bv11 but the reduction in growth rate could not be directly correlated with the amount of Cr(VI) reduced. Unlike the type strain, which was only able to reduce Cr(VI), strain 5bvl1 was resistant to Cr(VI) and able to reduce it. Moreover, in strain 5bvl1, the rate and extent of Cr(VI)-reduction were higher than in the other strains of the genus Ochrobactrum. Ochrobactrum strain 5bvl1 resists high Cr(VI) concentrations and has a high Cr(VI)-reducing ability, making it a valuable tool in bioremediation.Key words: Ochrobactrum, Cr(VI) resistance, Cr(VI)-reduction, heavy metal, bioremediation.

scholarly journals Semi-Intrinsic Luminescence in Marine Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Mirza ◽  
Yuichi Oba
Keyword(s):  
Light Emission ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Intrinsic Luminescence ◽  
Metridia Pacifica

Light emission is widespread in the oceans, with over three quarters of all observed marine species exhibiting bioluminescence. Several organisms such as the copepod Metridia pacifica and the ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii have been proven to synthesise their luciferin and luciferase to facilitate light emission. However, many luminescent species lack the capability to do this and instead it is possible that they acquire some of the components for their luminescence through predation or filter feeding on organisms that produce luciferins or precursors to these molecules. This has resulted in many organisms using certain luciferins, such as coelenterazine, as their substrate without possessing a clear mechanism to synthesise these. This chapter will review several examples of these semi-intrinsic luminescent systems and how the substrates and enzymes can be obtained for these reactions. Moreover, it will look at why particular luciferins, such as coelenterazine, are more widespread and utilised in this manner compared to other substrates.

scholarly journals RNA/DNA ratios and DNA concentrations as indicators of growth rate and biomass in planktonic marine organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Dortch ◽  
TL Roberts ◽  
JR Clayton ◽  
SI Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Marine Organisms
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