Sensitivity of Four Test Organisms (Chironomus xanthus, Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuata and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) to NaCl: an Alternative Reference Toxicant

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.P.F. Santos ◽  
J. Vicensotti ◽  
R.T.R. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Reference Toxicant ◽  
Hydra Attenuata

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

Effect of Mercury on the Survival of Daphnia Magna

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brković-Popović
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Time Required

The median lethal time (LT) for each concentration of mercury was determined on the basis of mortality curves. Toxicity curves (i.e., the median life-span of Daphniamagna, LT 50, versus the concentration of mercury) for four tested conditions are shown. The experiments were carried out using two diluents of different total hardness (46 and 119 mg/l as CaCO3), at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). A comparison of the LT 50s of the control organisms with the LT 50s of the test organisms at mercury concentrations of 0.0075 and 0.0050 mg. l-1 showed that the chemical characteristics and temperatures of the mediums tested did not affect the range of the ‘no effect' concentration. However, the incipient LC 50, and the time required for its appearance, did depend on the combination of the abiotic factors tested.

Silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate induce high toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

2014 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabianne Ribeiro ◽  
Julián Alberto Gallego-Urrea ◽  
Kerstin Jurkschat ◽  
Alison Crossley ◽  
Martin Hassellöv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
High Toxicity

Modeling the concentration–response function of the herbicide dinoseb on Daphnia magna (survival time, reproduction) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (growth rate)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chèvre ◽  
Alessandra R. Brazzale ◽  
Kristin Becker-van Slooten ◽  
Renata Behra ◽  
Joseph Tarradellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Time Reproduction

Investigating the process of electrocoagulation in the removal of azo dye from synthetic textile effluents and the effects of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna test organisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 102485
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Lach ◽  
Camila Schwarz Pauli ◽  
Aline Scheller Coan ◽  
Edesio Luiz Simionatto ◽  
Luciano André Deitos Koslowski
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Test Organisms

scholarly journals Aquatic Toxicity Comparison of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nanowires

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyung Sohn ◽  
Seyed Ali Johari ◽  
Tae Gyu Kim ◽  
Jin Kwon Kim ◽  
Ellen Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Fish

To better understand the potential ecotoxicological impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) released into freshwater environments, the toxicities of these nanomaterials were assessed and compared using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, including a “Daphniasp., acute immobilization test,” “Fish, acute toxicity test,” and “freshwater alga and cyanobacteria, growth inhibition test.” Based on the estimated median lethal/effective concentrations of AgNPs and AgNWs, the susceptibility to the nanomaterials was different among test organisms (daphnia > algae > fish), suggesting that the AgNPs are classified as “category acute 1” forDaphnia magna, “category acute 2” forOryzias latipes, and “category acute 1” forRaphidocelis subcapitata, while the AgNWs are classified as “category acute 1” forDaphnia magna, “category acute 2” forOryzias latipes, and “category acute 2” forRaphidocelis subcapitata, according to the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals). In conclusion, the present results suggest that more attention should be paid to prevent the accidental or intentional release of silver nanomaterials into freshwater aquatic environments.

The toxicity of cadmium-copper mixtures on daphnids and microalgae analysed using the Biotic Ligand Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard CLEMENT ◽  
Vincent FELIX ◽  
Valentin BERTRAND
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Biotic Ligand ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Ligand Model

Abstract For the prediction of metals mixture ecotoxicity, the BLM approach is promising since it evaluates the amount of metals accumulated on the biotic ligand on the basis of water chemistry, i.e. species (major cations) competing with metals, and related toxicity. Based on previous work by Farley et al. 2015 (MMME research project), this study aimed at modelling toxicity of Cd:Cu mixtures (0:1–1:1–1:0–1:2 − 1:3 − 2:1–3:1–4:1–5:1–6:1) to the crustacean Daphnia magna (48h immobilization tests) and the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (72h growth inhibition tests). The USGS model was chosen, assuming additivity of effects and accumulation of metals on a single site. The assumption that EDTA could contribute to toxicity through metals complexing was also tested, and potential effects due to reduction of ions Ca2+ absorption by metals were considered. Modelling started with parameter values of Farley et al. 2015 and some of these parameters were adjusted to fit modelled data on observed data. The results show that toxicity can be correctly predicted for the microalgae and that the hypothesis of additivity is verified. For daphnids, the prediction was roughly correct, but taking into account CuEDTA led to more realistic parameter values close to that reported by Farley et al. 2015. However, It seems that, for daphnids responses, metals interact either antagonistically or synergistically depending on the Cu:Cd ratio. Furthermore, synergy could not be explained by additional effects linked to a reduction of Ca absorption since this reduction, mainly due to Cd, increased inversely to synergy. Finally, the USGS model applied to our data was able to predict Cu:Cd mixture toxicity to microalgae and daphnids, giving rise to estimated EC50s roughly reflecting EC50s calculated from observed toxicity.

scholarly journals Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12468
Author(s):  
Raisibe Florence Lehutso ◽  
James Wesley-Smith ◽  
Melusi Thwala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Imminent Risk ◽  
Toxicity Effects

The study investigated the toxicity effects of ‘form specific’ engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk estimation emanating from the exposures was undertaken. The ENMs and the ions released from the products both contributed to the effects to varying extents, with neither being a uniform principal toxicity agent across the exposures; however, the effects were either synergistic or antagonistic. D. magna and S. polyrhiza were the most sensitive and least sensitive test organisms, respectively. The most toxic effects were from ENMs and ions released from sanitisers and sunscreens, whereas body creams and sock counterparts caused negligible effects. The internalisation of the ENMs from the sunscreens could not be established; only adsorption on the biota was evident. It was established that ENMs and ions released from products pose no imminent risk to ecosystems; instead, small to significant adverse effects are expected in the worst-case exposure scenario. The study demonstrates that while ENMs from products may not be considered to pose an imminent risk, increasing nanotechnology commercialization may increase their environmental exposure and risk potential; therefore, priority exposure cases need to be examined.

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