Contemporary Turkish-French Rivalry in Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

The research represents a real attempt to show the contemporary competition and conflict that erupted between countries to control the countries that affected by The Arab Spring. Especially the oil-rich, including Libya, which has a distinguished geographical location, so this is what made France and Turkey engage in a political adventure, an economic competition, and an attempt to establish influence in Libya. The State of Libya was completely destroyed in order to control its oil, which is targeted by Western countries and their oil companies. The Turkish government tried to exploit its Islamic identity to influence the emotions of the Libyan parties and provided support for them. Then, it made an agreement with the Libyan government headed by Fayez al-Sarraj to demarcate the maritime borders, which gave it space to pressure against its opponents in the Mediterranean, after its negotiations to join the European Union failed due to France's refusal to join. The research was divided into five parts, the first dealt with contemporary Turkish-French relations, while the second one dealt with Turkey's position on the French intervention in Libya in 2011. The third one showed France's position on Turkey's accession to the European Union. The fourth one clarified the Turkish-French relations after the 2011 Libyan crisis. The fifth one included the contemporary French strategy in Libya, and finally the sixth one revolved around the impact of the Turkish-French competition on Libya. Keywords: crisis, oil, Libya, Turkey, competition, France.

The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on Neighbouring Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-396
Author(s):  
Arie Reich ◽  
Hans-W. Micklitz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Integration

The concluding chapter sums up the overall findings of the project through three different strands of analysis: the first breaks down the eleven jurisdictions into three groups based on the relative quantity and impact of Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) citations found in these jurisdictions. By drawing conclusions from all the country reports through a comparative and macro-perspective, the goal is to distil the insights of the entire project and formulate policy recommendations in the light of EU external policy and legal integration objectives vis-à-vis its neighbourhood; the second examines the many factors that a priori could have an impact on whether judges are likely to cite the CJEU in their judgments, and then discusses what the research has found in relation to the actual role played by these factors; the third tries to place the current project into the context of overall research on the global reach of EU law, which can be ‘exported’ to non-members of the EU through various mechanisms, such as mutual and formal agreement or through more unilateral and spontaneous forms. They include modes of extraterritorial application of EU law, territorial extension, and the so-called ‘Brussels Effect’. The chapter concludes with some general observations and thoughts and formulates possible policy recommendations.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC COMPETITION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LATEST LEGISLATIVE NOVELTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Sergii Shkliar ◽  
Olha Bulaieva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Time Limits ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the analysis of the main changes introduced by the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition”. Methods. Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” proposes the implementation of several novelties. Among them are: the restriction for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine by certain time limits for considering cases; possibility of extension of the term for consideration of cases by decision of the Committee’s State Commissioner or head of a territorial office; renewal of deadlines for consideration of cases where the respondent is replaced or a co-respondent is involved; provision for the consequences of missing the deadlines for considering cases and also the mechanism of consultations during the consideration of a case, which may be appointed either on the initiative of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine or on the motion of interested persons. Results. The abovementioned amendments will influence the existing system of economic competition protection in a serious way. Among the changes are: – the fine for delayed payment of a fine imposed by the Antimonopoly Committees of Ukraine decision on violation of the legislation on the protection of economic competition is cancelled; – the member of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine who conducted or organized an investigation is deprived of the right to vote in the process of decision-making in the respective case; – the procedure for holding hearings is defined; – recusals and self-recusals are envisaged for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine officers; – the grounds for acquiring the third-party status in a case are changed; – the rights of persons involved in the case are specified and expanded. An important remark of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” is that a person that is exempted from liability or whose fine is reduced shall still be liable for damage caused by the violation to other persons. Conclusions. As a result, Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” is expected to become an important step forward in increasing the effectiveness of investigations into violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition. It can also be regarded as the next step to harmonize Ukrainian legislation with the European Union acquis.

The European Union, Fisheries and ‘Due Regard’ in the EEZ: Some Reflections

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Frederik Naert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Third ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This contribution addresses some particular aspects of fisheries and some specificities of the European Union (EU) in this field. The first section explains how institutional settings in the framework of which all states concerned can discuss mutual rights and obligations, including the ‘due regard’ obligation in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), have been established in the field of fisheries. The second section presents two examples of situations in which the ‘due regard’ obligation has given rise to discussion: the negotiations on an Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean and discussions on Marine Protected Areas and other similar areas. In the third section, a few issues that are particular to the EU are identified, including the competences transferred to the EU and their external exercise by the EU and the impact of EU law on relations between Member States in their respective EEZs.

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 in European union on the performance of Indonesian publicly listed palm oil companies

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 801-808
Author(s):  
Hansen Tandra ◽  
Arif Imam Suroso ◽  
Mukhamad Najib ◽  
Yusman Syaukat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
The Impact

One of the leading industries that affect economic growth in Indonesia is the palm oil industry. The role of this industry depends on the level of exports from European Union countries. Based on the COVID-19 pandemic situation, international trade activities are hampered and could affect industry performance from a stock perspective. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 cases that occurred in the European Union and related macroeconomic variables on the stock performance of the oil palm industry in Indonesia. This research also examines the impact of COVID-19 on certified sustainable companies and companies that are not certified. Panel regression was applied in this study with Eviews 11 Software.This research's observations are 13 palm oil companies in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from March 2, 2020, to August 31, 2020. This study's results reveal that the world CPO prices and market capitalization affect the activities shares of palm oil companies in Indonesia.Meanwhile, from the grouping of certifications within companies, the impact of COVID-19 in the European Union was more substantial on companies that were certified as sustainable. Based on these results, The COVID-19 case in the European Union must be a concern for palm oil companies in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Turkey's Accession to the European Union in terms of impact on the EU's security and defense policies: potential and drawbacks

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Maria do Céu Pinto
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This study explores the impact of Turkey's likely entry in the European Union (EU) in terms of the EU's foreign, security and defense policies. It reviews Turkish capabilities, namely its military capabilities, which could provide the EU with valuable defense assets. There are differences related to Turkey's relations with the EU, which have increasingly spilled over into the NATO, hindering the development of cooperation over crisis management operations. The article then delves in the implications of Turkey's strategic geographical location to EU policies. It reviews how far the EU and Turkey may have convergent interests in some of the neighboring regions, especially in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Wpływ „kryzysu migracyjnego” na bezpieczeństwo Niemiec i Polski

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-119
Author(s):  
Edyta Chwiej
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Real ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to study the impact of the “migrant crisis” in 2015 and 2016 on German and Polish security. The article is divided into three parts. The first presents the causes and the evolution of the “migrant crisis” in the European Union. The second part compares previous migration experiences of Germany and Poland. The third part examines the state security implications of the last “crisis”. According to the author, the real impact of the migration processes on the state security is largely determined by the capacity of a government to deal with the changes that occur.

scholarly journals Short and Long-Term Consequences of Further Regulation of the European Union Road Haulage Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Przemysław Borkowski ◽  
Monika Bąk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Haulage ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to assess short and long-term consequences of the new regulatory framework in the European Union road haulage market as proposed by the European Commission in the “Mobility package”. The initiative comprises a number of regulations aimed at technical and social aspects of the road haulage market. This study is based on qualitative research and takes into consideration different perspectives of expert knowledge. On the basis of their own methodological background (the evaluation framework and assessment criteria) the authors compare the expected impacts of the regulations on large and small transport enterprises. The assessment is based on a focused group study within Polish and Hungarian transport companies and several external experts’ views (the list of the consulted experts is given in the acknowledgments section) and finalises with conclusions for different EU regions: the central and peripheral EU countries. The aim of this research is to show different aspects of the impact of the proposed measures on different types of transportbusinesses in Europe and to demonstrate diverse and sometimes opposite effects. The impacts are assessed against different enterprise types (small vs large transport companies) and a company’s base of operation geographical location (core vs periphery). While the Commission states that the regulation is aimed primarily at equalizing companies’ competitive chances, this study argues that the proposal may in fact lead to the more fragmented and less competitive internal road transport market.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Prihoanca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Third ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
The Impact

The accession of Romania to the European Union on the 1st of January, 2007, after the Accession Treaty, signed on the 25th of April, 2005, was ratified by all the Member States of the Union, led to changes in the legislative environment governing the electoral market. Our country organized in May 2014, for the third time, elections for the European Parliament. The election system practiced in Romania does not provide incentives for candidates to develop a competitive election bid, explained in detail to the electorate, so the performance during the mandate can be assessed. The Romanian representatives in the European Parliament are elected under a system of closed national list vote, which reduces the power of voters to distinguish the candidates in the vote. At the European Union level, there is not a unique voting system adopted, in the context that most Member States practice competitive electoral systems, in which candidates have the opportunity to differentiate themselves by an electoral offer.

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

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