scholarly journals New lands: Designing an image of the motherland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Alina Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Glatolenkova ◽  
Mikhail Bazilevich
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Structural Frame ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article focuses on the search for architectural representations of the Russian Empire on new lands (the Far East and Turkestan), which simultaneously became part of it in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The article consists of two parts. The first one reviews the architectural and spatial arrangement of railways, which were the colonization structural frame: the eastern part of the Transsib (the Amur and Ussuri Railways), the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), and the Trans-Caspian Military Railway (TCMR). The second part of the article describes the evolution of the colonial orientalism and national stylistics. The article draws a conclusion about the variability of the cultural policy of the Russian colonialism.

scholarly journals Barga as a part of the Russian strategic interests in Eastern Asia in the first quarter of the XX century: treaty aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Pavel Nikolaevich Dudin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire

Based on the previously unexamined treaties and agreements, this article analyzes the civilian mechanism of ensuring Russia’s interest in Manchuria on the background of establishment and development of statehood of Hulunbuir District, also known as Barga. Having lost the Russo-Japanese War and a number of backbone territories, the Russian Empire took all necessary steps towards retention and strengthening of its influence in the region, was able to form the zones of primary interests, and this control the process of acquisition of relative autonomy by Barga. It is concluded that within the framework of considered agreements, Russia’ national interests in the Far East were reliably protected. It was achieved by the concessions, which by their legal nature significantly differed from the concessions and settlements created by the foreign powers in Eastern China, although were capable of ensuring Russia’s presence and safeguarding the strategic interests. Despite the fact that the created system demonstrated its effectiveness, it did not survive the political crises caused by the revolutionary events and demise of the Russian Empire. China’s leadership took advantage of the situation that unfolded in Russia, and liquidated the autonomy of Outer Mongolia, and later the status of Hulunbuir, stipulated in the agreements.

The Population Ecology of Corporations in the Russian Empire, 1700–1914

Slavic Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Corporate Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

In investigations of the evolution of the corporation in Europe, North America, and the Far East, historians have illuminated variations in the structure of large enterprises in different times and places and investigated responses to legal environments. In tsarist Russia as well, the development of corporations on the national, regional, and sectoral levels was influenced by legal and economic institutions. Data on Russian corporations, however, have been inadequate for the complex statistical tests applied to the European and North American economies. This article offers a preliminary overview of trends in Russian corporate development from 1700 to 1914 in light of a new database and the recently articulated theory of organizational ecology. Although the theory provides stimulating approaches to the history of Russian corporations, it also appears unduly specific in some respects to the history of western Europe and the United States.

THE SARATOV VOLGA REGION AND THE FAR EAST: THREE CENTURIES OF RELATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. PETROVICH ◽  
S. I. SAMSONOV
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern

The article deals with the dynamics of the development of the Far  East with the help of labor migration in the period from the 1860s to  the present day. The authors analyze the intensity of migration  flows, the reasons for their decline or increase, talk about new settlements founded by immigrants from the Saratov Volga  region in the Amur and Primorye regions of the Russian Empire, and  trace the fate of these settlements to this day. The authors identify  the reasons for the lack of support for the resettlement movement in the Russian Empire by the state until the beginning of the  twentieth century, and the reasons that prompted  the government  to develop an effective resettlement program since 1906. Attention  is paid to the participation of Saratov in the Russian-Japanese war in  the Far East. The extensive statistical material contained in the  official publications following the results of the all-Russian population censuses of 1897, 2002 and 2010 is used. Internet sources,  websites of public organizations, official state bodies, mass media  are attracted. The migration policy of P.A. Stolypin, Prime Minister of  Imperial Russia and former Saratov Governor- General is analyzed.  In comparison with it, the project "far Eastern hectare" is  considered, which the modern Russian government considers as the  main tool for the inflow of population to the vast far Eastern territories. The authors prove the ineffectiveness of the  project due to the small amount of allocated land, their unsuitability  for agriculture or other socially significant activities, remoteness  from communications, the lack of benefits for immigrants on such a scale as it was a century ago. The conclusion to which the  researchers come: only taking into account the experience of  generations of Russians in the development of the Far East, the  traditional connection of the regions of Russia, proved by the  example of the Saratov  Volga region, providing immigrants with all  the necessary and benefits no worse than a century ago, it is  possible to ensure the priority development of the Far East.

scholarly journals “Our Position and Purposes on the Pacific Coast”: The Far East Development in the Perception of the Military Thinker P. F. Unterberger (1898)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1215-1227
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Medvedev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article is devoted to the Russian military and statesman P. F. Unterberger and his views on the position of the Russian Empire in the Far East in the late 19th century. The source of the article is the P. F. Unterberger’s note, which demonstrates primary objectives of Russia in the region. It is a part of P. F. Unterberger’s fond in the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA). The note was written in the late 19th century and is noteworthy not only as a source, revealing aspects of external and internal policy of Russia, but as an attempt of a Russian general to make a project of the Far East’s development. Therefore, on the basis of his note, the article strives to assess intellectual tendencies and processes of the era. Of primary importance for P. F. Unterberger was military presence of Russia in the Far East. He pointed out that strategic importance of the region had significantly increased in the late 19th century. He saw one of the main aims of the Russian Empire in acquiring an ice-free port in the Far East. The need to connect the Far Eastern periphery with Central Russia prompted him to address the problem of transport development. Thus, P. F. Unterberger underscored the necessity of the Trans-Siberian Railway construction. He focused on relations between Russia and other states. P. F. Unterberger urged Russia to establish cordial relations with China, the biggest state of the Far East. On England, which also had its interests on the Pacific coast, he held a different view. Japan he considered Russia’s most dangerous enemy in the region. There are some results in the article’s conclusion. The note of P. F. Unterberger shows some intellectual tendencies of the turn of the 20th centuries. One of them was the idea of “yellow peril.” However, of most significance is the source itself. Such complex theories subsequently have become a part of the scholarship known as “geopolitics.”

scholarly journals New Approach to the Imperial History of Russia in the 18th Century. Review of: Vulpius, R. (2020). Die Geburt des Russlдndischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beitrдge zur Geschichte Osteuropas. Kцln: Böhlau Verlag GmbH. 610 S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
Elena V. Borodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The review analyses Die Geburt des Russländischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas (The Birth of the Russian Empire: Concepts and Practices of Domination in the 18th Century) by Ricarda Vulpius. The author of the monograph focuses on the question of when Russia became an empire. Vulpius pays special attention to the discussion around this problem in relation to the eighteenth century and offers her own solution to the problem using the Begriffsgeschichte methodology. The historian connects such concepts as imperial discourse and colonialism. In her opinion, a major role in the formation of the imperial idea in Russia was played by the development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East, the Caucasus and the lands inhabited by Bashkirs, Kalmyks, and Kazakhs. Despite the thoroughness of the work carried out, the book is not without drawbacks. They are due to the narrowness of the source base of the study and the impossibility of using the Begriffsgeschichte approach in analysing the structures created for the management of the indigenous population of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Estonian linguistic enclaves on the territory of the former Russian Empire: contacts with local languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Jüri Viikberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Vast Territory

In the 19th century, the emigration of Estonians gathered momentum and Estonian villages were founded on the vast territory of the Russian Empire. Having survived over several generations, these native Estonian-speaking villages can be considered linguistic enclaves outside their homeland. This article will give an overview of research expeditions into Estonian villages in Siberia and the Far East in the 1980s and 1990s. Initially, we treated the linguistic enclaves as a continuation of the map of Estonian dialects, hoping to find in the foreign-language(s) surrounded and isolated Estonian language features which, primarily as a result of the influence of standard Estonian, have disappeared from the dialects of homeland Estonia. In our further studies, we have taken into account developments in modern linguistics: whether to place emphasis on the original (authentic) or on developmental changes. In terms of language influences, we cannot forget contacts with local and regional languages.Kokkuvõte. Jüri Viikberg: Eesti keelesaared omaaegse Tsaari-Venemaa aladel: kontaktid kohalike keeltega. Eestlaste väljaränne kodumaalt saavutas haripunkti 19. sajandil, mil eesti külasid rajati Vene impeeriumis Krimmi poolsaarest kuni Jaapani mereni. Tänapäevani säilinud eesti külades on emakeel kasutusel ka järglaspõlvkondades ja neid saab vaadelda eesti keelesaartena väljaspool emamaad. Et aladel, kuhu Tsaari-Venemaa poliitika eesti koloniste suunas, on elanud paljusid eri rahvaid, siis on artiklis jälgitud võimalikke keelekontakte kohalike keeltega piirkondade kaupa (Krimm, Taga-Kaukaasia, Lääne- ja Ida-Siber, Kaug-Ida). Keelematerjali põhjal võib väita, et kohalike (põlis)rahvaste keeltest on eestlased oma keelekasutusse võtnud eeskätt kohanimesid ning mõningal määral ka toidu, riietuse ja kohaliku elu-oluga seotud sõnavara.Märksõnad: eesti keel, eesti keelesaared, keelekontaktid, Kaukaasia eestlased, Krimmi eestlased, Siberi eestlased, Venemaa eestlased

scholarly journals Рецензия на книгу Sablin I. The Rise and Fall of Russia’s Far Eastern Republic, 1905–1922.Nationalisms, Imperialisms, and Regionalisms in and after the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
И. К. Богомолов
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern

В рецензии рассматривается монография И. Саблина о возникновении и падении Дальневосточной республики (ДВР). Автор отмечает, что сама идея создания "буферного государства" была уникальной для революционной России, уникальной для большевиков, уникальной для региона. На основании широкого круга источников И. Саблин показывает, как идеологии, с которыми большевики изначально боролись – "левый либерализм", национализм и империализм – позволили им в итоге одержать верх на Дальнем Востоке и окончательно победить в Гражданской войне. The review considers the monograph by Ivan Sablin on the emergence and fall of the Far Eastern Republic (FER). The author notes that the very idea of creating a "buffer state" was unique for revolutionary Russia, unique for the Bolsheviks, unique for the region. Based on a wide range of sources Ivan Sablin shows how the ideologies with which the Bolsheviks initially fought – "left liberalism", nationalism and imperialism – allowed them to ultimately gain the upper hand in the Far East and finally win the Civil War.

scholarly journals Japanese Orthodox Church: from the Beginnings to the Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-225
Author(s):  
Сергей Сергеевич Медведев
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Historical Life

С конца 50-х годов ХIХ в. на фоне активного сотрудничества Российской Империи с Японией Русская Церковь поставила вопрос о необходимости внешней миссии в Стране восходящего солнца. Святитель Николай Японский является объединяющим звеном двух великих держав. Наследие Святого является национальным достоянием двух народов. По мнению Святителя, «все, что делается в Японии, более чем всякое другое государство должно интересовать Россию, как непосредственную соседку её на крайнем Востоке. Оба государства молодые, полные свежих сил и надежд на долгую историческую жизнь. Притом же, оба - совершенно различные по своему географическому положению, вследствие чего в будущем они могут только помогать друг другу, но не встречаться одно с другим на перекрестных дорогах и не мешать одному и другому»1. Миссионерская деятельность святого Николая Японского является достойным образцом для современной христианской проповеди. «В стране, которая была изолирована от всего мира, десятки тысяч людей, услышав голос одного человека, обратились в веру, которая была для них непонятна, которая разделялась другим народом и не имела никакой укорененности в местной культуре»2. Святитель Николай оставил большой кладезь трудов, которые привели к созданию современной Японской Православной Церкви. Since the late 50s of the nineteenth century at the backdrop of the active cooperation of the Russian Empire with Japan, the Russian Church raised the question of the need for an external mission in the country of the Rising Sun. St. Nicholas of Japan is the unifying link of the two great countries. The legacy of the St. Nicholas is a national treasure of two peoples. According to Hierarch, «everything that is done in Japan, more than any other state, should interest Russia as its immediate neighbor an the far East. Both states are young, full of fresh strength and hopes for a long historical life. Moreover, both of them are completely different in their geographical position, as a result of which in the future they can only help each other, but not meet one another on cross roads and not interfere with one and the other». The missionary work of St. Nicholas of Japan is a worthy model for modern Christian preaching. «In a country that was isolated from the whole world, tens of thousands of people, having heard the voice of one person, converted to a faith that was incomprehensible to them, which was shared by other people and had no root in local culture». St. Nicholas left a large storehouse of works that led to the creation of the modern Japanese Orthodox Church.

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