On the War-Path for Vicksburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Loess Soil ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Chief Engineer ◽  
Ridge Line ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

As the Federals moved from the Big Black River to Vicksburg on May 18, they experienced enormous confidence in Grant’s judgment and skills. Faced with the real prospect that the Confederates might fold if he attacked the defences of Vicksburg quickly, Grant wasted no time in planning an assault for the next day, May 19. But he did not know that Pemberton had positioned fresh troops exactly along the sectors most likely to be attacked. The defences of Vicksburg were by no means formidable in themselves. Constructed over the past few months, they were simply trenches that linked nine major forts and a greater number of smaller artillery positions. In many places, hardly a trench existed. But the most important consideration was that Maj. Samuel H. Lockett, Pemberton’s chief engineer, had placed them well along the only roughly continuous ridge line to be found in the badly eroded, loess soil that dominated the area east of Vicksburg. Confederate soldiers were busy digging in on May 18, strengthening the minimal works Lockett had managed to construct mostly with slave labor before that day. The earthworks were the only thing standing between the victorious Federals and the city.

scholarly journals Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Edward Nycz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Functioning ◽  
The City

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – The Heritage of the Past in the Culture of the Industrial City Functioning in the Ethnic and Cultural Frontier The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociology of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szramek. The author’s reflections touch upon ideas, facts as well as the real city’s organism shaped in its longterm and short-term perspective.

scholarly journals O gnaisse facoidal: a mais carioca das rochas

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Kátia Leite Mansur ◽  
Ismar Souza Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Fernando Moura Delphim ◽  
Emilio Velloso Barroso
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
The Past ◽  
African People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Augen Gneiss ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The city of Rio de Janeiro is known by its natural beauties. The mountains and the sea make the city the postcard of Brazil. The sculpture of the carioca landscape is closely related to the augen gneiss, very resistant rock to the weathering and, for this reason, it stands out in the relief. It gives form for Sugar Loaf and Corcovado, for example. Augen gneiss was used in the construction of most of the historical buildings of the city, including museums and churches, many of them were built in the 19th century. It was used in the sculpture of ornaments, facades and frames of doors and windows. The exploitation of the augen gneiss was presented by Jean Baptiste Debret in his book "Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Brésil". A picture of quarry is presented at Morro da Glória and describes the extraction method by slave labor. He informes that the augen gneiss is softer, less expensive and more easily exploited. It was destined, mainly, to the parts of the buildings that should be sculpted. This rock is still present in an important event of the history of the brazilian arts. Pedra do Sal, a stairway sculpted in the augen gneiss Downtown, was the place that African people met in the past to tell their histories, to do religious cults and to sing. In these meetings in Pedra do Sal samba was born

scholarly journals Urbanismo Colaborativo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Moreno Balboa
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Interest ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

¿Ha cambiado el concepto de ciudad en tan sólo 2400 años? Si la ciudad la componen los ciudadanos ¿son éstos distintos de los ciudadanos de las antiguas polis? Si el ciudadano es quien participa en las funciones de gobierno de su ciudad, ¿quién es ahora realmente, ciudadano? ¿Quién quiere serlo? y quién quisiera participar de dichas funciones, ¿cómo podría conseguirlo?En la sociedad actual se producen dos situaciones antagónicas que afectan al desarrollo de la ciudad, por un lado las administraciones, actuando orientadas al interés general, reconocen pero congelan las posibilidades de participar de la población en el urbanismo y la creación de ciudad; y por otro lado la sociedad se mueve y actúa al margen de las administraciones en la mejora de su entorno y sus condiciones de vida, desde las denominadas iniciativas urbanas. Cuáles son los motivos de esta situación y cómo hacer que ambos movimientos coincidan en la generación del denominado “Urbanismo Colaborativo”, es el objeto de este trabajo.AbstractHas the concept of city changed in only the past 2400 years? If the city is the one consisting the citizens, are these any different of the citizens ancient polis? If the citizen is one participating in his city’s government functions, who is the real citizen now a days? Who wants to be one? Who wants to participate in those functions? How could someone acomplish that?In today’s society, there are two antagonistic situations that are affecting the development of the city, on the one hand the administrations, acting orientated to the general interest, they recognize but freeze the possibilities that the citizens have of participating in urbanism and the creation of the city. And on the other hand, the society moves and acts outside of the administrations for the improvement of their environment and their living conditions, doing this from the named urban initiatives. What causes this situation and how to put together both movements and for them to agree in the generation of the named “Collaborative Urbanism” is the subject and what this study wants to acomplish.

Conservatism and Change in Roman Religion

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. North
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

The conservatism of the Romans in matters of religion is a generally accepted truth and it is in many ways a very obvious truth. I have no intention of denying it. They set a very high value on their religious tradition; they sought to preserve and reproduce the ceremonies and customs inherited from their ancestors; they thought it wrong and even dangerous to abandon or neglect the many gods, goddesses and sacred places of which the city was full; they had no ideological framework which would have enabled them to think in terms of reforming and improving the national cult, as opposed to reviving and restoring it.I say that this is an obvious truth, because some degree of conservatism in this sense seems to be an inevitable feature of the type of Graeco-Roman paganism of which the Roman State cult is one example. A system in which the emphasis falls primarily on the performance of ritual acts—not on the worshippers' belief, or religious emotions and experiences, or on theology or ethics—such a system inescapably makes it a primary value, though not necessarily the only value, that the known ritual should be successfully repeated. This in turn must imply some implicit respect for the past and for the tradition from which the ritual emerged. For the Romans of any generation, the real validation of their religion lay in the fact that it had worked: that their ancestors had won battles, survived crises, eaten dinners, begotten children and expanded their power by the practice of the self-same rites and ceremonies as they practised themselves. For the Romans of the last generation of the Republic, it was a fact that their ancestors had won more battles and eaten better dinners than anybody else.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

Russian and Soviet historiography of the life and work of Anatoly Fedorovich Koni in the 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 263-279
Author(s):  
Alexander Kodintsev ◽  
Danil Rybin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The study analyzes historical researches on the life and work of the outstanding Russian lawyer A. F. Koni. It is noted that several directions in the study of the personality of this figure can be distinguished. It is concluded that systematic study of the legacy of Koni in the context of the era, taking into account the accumulated knowledge, coupled with archival materials will recreate the real face of the remarkable humanist figure of Russia in the past era.

THE 2017 AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW REFORM (MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE) ACT 1976: A MILESTONE OR A STONE’S THROW IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN FAMILY LAW?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-479
Author(s):  
Sridevi Thambapillay
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
Muslim Family

The Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 (LRA) which was passed in 1976 and came into force on 1st March 1982, standardized the laws concerning non-Muslim family matters. Many family issues concerning non-Muslim have emerged ever since, the most important being the effects of unilateral conversion to Islam by one of the parties to the marriage. There has been a lot of public hue and cry for amendments to be made to the LRA. After much deliberation, the Malaysian Parliament finally passed the amendments to the LRA in October 2017, which came into force in December 2018. Although the amendments have addressed selected family law issues, the most important amendment on child custody in a unilateral conversion to Islam was dropped from the Bill at the last minute. Howsoever, at the end of the day, the real question that needs to be addressed is whether the amendments have resolved the major issues that have arisen over the past four decades? Hence, the purpose of this article is as follows: first, to examine the brief background to the passing of the LRA, secondly, to analyse the 2017 amendments, thirdly, to identify the weaknesses that still exist in the LRA, and finally, to suggest recommendations to overcome these weaknesses by comparing the Malaysian position with the Singaporean position. In conclusion, it is submitted that despite the recent amendments to the LRA, much needs to be done to overcome all the remaining issues that have still not been addressed.

Исследование психологических особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Д. М. Кудайбердиева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The City

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается проблема восприятия городской среды студентами из города и сельской местности. Обозначены определения терминов «среда», «пространственная среда», «городская среда». Проведено экспериментальное сравнительное исследование особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами в количестве 50 человек. Статья содержит результаты проведенного анализа исследования. Выявлены различия и сходства в восприятии города Бишкек у студентов двух групп. В контексте восприятия города изучена неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим временем, трудности языкового барьера у студентов из сельской местности. Также было выявлено, что актуальной для студентов обеих групп является потребность в социальных контактах, общении, включенности в социум. Полученные результаты будут иметь пользу в проведении воспитательной работы со студентами из сельской местности, в оказании поддержки им в период адаптации с учетом особенностей восприятия города студентами. Ключевые слова. среда, городская среда, восприятие пространства, городские студенты, сельские студенты, восприятие города Бишкек, неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим, языковой барьер, учеба в городе, сходства и различия в восприятии города. Аннотация. Бул макалада шаардык жана айылдан келген студенттердин шаардык чөйрөнү кабыл алуу көйгөйү каралган. «Чөйрө», «мейкиндик чөйрө», «шаардык чөйрө» терминдеринин түшүнүктөрү келтирилген. 50 адамдан турган шаардык жана айылдык студенттердин Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эксперименталдык салыштырма изилдөө жүргүзүлгөн. Макалада изилдөөнүн анализ жыйынтыктары камтылган. Эки студенттик топторунун Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары белгиленген. Шаарды кабыл алуу контекстинде өткөн жана учур чактарга канагаттанбоо, тил барьеринин кыйынчылыктары изилденди. Ошондой эле студенттердин эки тобуна актуалдуу болуп социалдык катнаштарга, баарлашууга, коомго кошулуу муктаждыгы белгиленүүдө. Алынган жыйынтыктар студенттердин шаарды кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эске алып, айылдан келген студенттерге адаптация убагында колдоо көрсөтүү максатында тарбиялык иштерди жүргүзүүдө жардам берет. Түйүндүү сөздөр. Чөйрө, шаардык чөйрө, мейкиндикти кабыл алуу, шаардык студенттер, айылдык студенттер, Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу, өткөн жана учур чакка канагаттанбоо, тил барьери, шаарда окуу, шаарды кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары. Annotation. This article addresses the problem of perception of the urban environment by students from the city and countryside. The definitions of the terms “environment”, “spatial environment”, and “urban environment” are indicated. An experimental comparative study of the characteristics of the perception of the city of Bishkek by urban and rural students in the amount of 50 people was conducted. The article contains the results of the analysis of the study. The differences and similarities in the perception of the city of Bishkek among students of the two groups are revealed. In the context of the perception of the city, dissatisfaction with the past and the present has been studied, and the difficulties of the language barrier among students from rural areas. It was also revealed that the need for social contacts, communication, inclusion in society is relevant for students of both groups. The results will have the benefit of conducting educational work with students from rural areas, in providing support to them during the adaptation period, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the city by students. Кeywords. Environment, urban environment, space perception, urban students, rural students, perception of the city of Bishkek, dissatisfaction with the past and the present, language barrier, studying in the city, similarities and differences in the perception of the city.

Problems of Analysis of Design and Research Methods of Interaction with the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
П. В. Капустин ◽  
А. И. Гаврилов
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Research And Design

Состояние проблемы. Проблематика городской среды заявила о себе в 1960-е годы как протест против модернистских методов урбанизма и других видов проектирования. Средовое движение не случайно тогда именовали «антипрофессиональным» - оно было направлено против устоявшихся и недейственных методов работы с городом - от исследования до управления. За прошедшие десятилетия в рамках самого средового движения и его идейных наследников наработано немало методов и приемов работы, однако они до сих не подвергались анализу как пребывающая в исторической динамике целостная совокупность инструментария, альтернативного традиционному градостроительству. Результаты. Рассмотрены особенности и проблемы анализа методологического «арсенала» средового движения и урбанистики. Методы работы с городской средой впервые структурированы по типам знания. Показана близость методов исследовательского и проектного подходов в отношении городской среды. Выводы. В ближайшее время можно ожидать появления новых синтетических знаний и частных методологий, связанных как с обострением средовой проблематики, с расширением круга средовых акторов, так и с процессом профессионализации урбанистики. Statement of the problem. The urban environment paradigm emerged in the 1960s as a protest against the modernist methods of urbanism and other types of design. It was no coincidence that the environmental movement was back then called "anti-professional" as it was directed against the established and ineffective methods of working with the city, i. e., from research to management. Over the past decades, within the framework of the environmental movement and its ideological heirs, a lot of methods and have been developed. However, they have not yet been analyzed as an integral set of tools in the historical dynamics which is an alternative to traditional urban planning. Results. The features and problems of the analysis of the methodological “arsenal” of environmental movement and urban studies are considered. The methods of working with the urban environment are first structured according to the types of knowledge. The proximity of research and design approaches in the case when the urban environment is dealt with is shown. Conclusions. In the nearest future, we can expect new synthetic knowledge and particular methodologies related to both the exacerbation of environmental problems to emerge as well as the expansion of the circle of environmental actors and the process of professionalization of urbanstics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document