scholarly journals Thematic and hotspot analysis of human-elk conflicts statewide in California

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Denryter ◽  
Alex Heeren
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
California Department ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Human-wildlife conflicts are an important factor for consideration in wildlife management at urban-wildland interfaces. Effective and adaptive management of human-wildlife conflicts is needed to promote tolerance and coexistence of humans and wildlife. Anecdotal reports suggest a recent spike in human-elk conflicts in California, yet there has not been a systematic analysis of human-elk conflicts in the state. To better understand human-elk conflicts in California, we conducted thematic analysis of human-elk conflicts reported in the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Wildlife Incident Reporting (WIR) system. We also conducted a hotspot analysis using locations of human-elk conflicts reported in the WIR system and evaluated reports for principles of adaptive management. The WIR system contained n = 89 reports for elk and n = 78 of these described conflicts with elk. Overall, property damage (including crop damage) was the most common type of human-elk conflict reported, occurring in 69% of reports (n = 54/78), followed by non-competitive conflict with domestic animals (13%), competition with domestic livestock (12%), and habituation to humans (24%). We identified three hotspots of human-elk conflict in California in Del Norte, Kern, and San Luis Obispo counties. All incidents of human-elk conflict reported in the WIR system included at least one principle of adaptive management. We recommend modifications to the WIR system and interactions with property owners and stakeholders to enhance and facilitate adaptive management of human-elk conflicts in California.

scholarly journals 217 Phytotoxic Effects of Different Insecticides, Doses, and Application Frequencies on Physiological Traits of Chili (Capsicum annum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 428C-428
Author(s):  
J.L. Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
E. Troyo-Dieguez ◽  
H. Nolasco ◽  
H.G. Jones ◽  
A. Ortega-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitive Variable ◽  
Different Doses

The phytotoxic effects on the physiology of chili (Capsicum annum L. cv. Ancho San Luis) caused by four different insecticides were evaluated. Three commercial mixes (methyl azinfos, methyl parathion CE720, and metamidophos 600 LM), and an active ingredient alone (methamidophos) were assayed; water was used as the control. The main goal was to evaluate the insecticide effects on chili using four different doses; the mean dose, recommended on the label of the product (R), a half one (1/2R), 1.5 times (1.5R) and twice the recommended dose (2R). Three frequencies of application were applied; once a week, twice a week, and once every other week, for 6 weeks from the beginning of flowering. Phytotoxicity was evaluated measuring the response of some physiological traits, Chlorophyll Fluorescence (CF), Leaf Temperature (LT), Transpiration (Tr), and Stomatal Resistance (SR). CF was measured by means of a portable chorophyll fluorscence meter; LT, Tr, and SR were measured using a LI-Cor Porometer. The doses and frequencies used are all common in commercial chili fields in Mexico. Results showed that phytotoxicity caused by insecticides can be an important damage factor to the plants, something that can cause reduction of yields. CF was shown to be the most sensitive variable to evaluate the phytotoxicity caused by insecticides. Fruit malformation was observed in all treatments. Chlorophyll content was reduced up to 25%, on average. The phosphorate insecticides affected the physiological parameters more drastically than the others. Results evidence the irreversible crop damage caused by excessive insecticide applications.

Monitoring trap-related injury status during large-scale wildlife management programmes: an adaptive management approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Byrne ◽  
James O’Keeffe ◽  
Ursula Fogarty ◽  
Pat Rooney ◽  
S. Wayne Martin
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Monitoring Trap ◽  
Injury Status

scholarly journals Genomic Stability and Genetic Defense Systems in Dolosigranulum pigrum a Candidate Beneficial Bacterium from the Human Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany Flores Ramos ◽  
Silvio D. Brugger ◽  
Isabel Fernández Escapa ◽  
Chelsey A Skeete ◽  
Sean L Cotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Defense Systems

Dolosigranulum pigrum is positively associated with indicators of health in multiple epidemiological studies of human nasal microbiota. Knowledge of the basic biology of D. pigrum is a prerequisite for evaluating its potential for future therapeutic use; however, such data are very limited. To gain insight into D. pigrum's chromosomal structure, pangenome and genomic stability, we compared the genomes of 28 D. pigrum strains that were collected across 20 years. Phylogenomic analysis showed closely related strains circulating over this period and closure of 19 genomes revealed highly conserved chromosomal synteny. Gene clusters involved in the mobilome and in defense against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were enriched in the accessory genome versus the core genome. A systematic analysis for MGEs identified the first candidate D. pigrum prophage and insertion sequence. A systematic analysis for genetic elements that limit the spread of MGEs, including restriction modification (RM), CRISPR-Cas, and deity-named defense systems, revealed strain-level diversity in host defense systems that localized to specific genomic sites including one RM system hotspot. Analysis of CRISPR spacers pointed to a wealth of MGEs against which D. pigrum defends itself. These results reveal a role for horizontal gene transfer and mobile genetic elements in strain diversification while highlighting that in D. pigrum this occurs within the context of a highly stable chromosomal organization protected by a variety of defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals Balancing stakeholder interests in kangaroo management – historical perspectives and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. McLeod ◽  
R. B. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Management Plans

Kangaroos are commercially harvested in five mainland states of Australia, with the harvest regulated by state government wildlife management agencies and overseen by the Commonwealth government. Non-commercial culling is permitted, and although most kangaroos have traditionally been taken by the commercial kangaroo harvesting industry, the proportion taken non-commercially has increased in recent years. Management plans that guide the regulation of the harvest support the management objectives of wildlife management agencies and the kangaroo industry, but the plans do not successfully address the objectives of other stakeholders including pastoralists and animal protection groups, which focus on minimising the grazing impacts of kangaroos and animal welfare issues respectively. We reviewed the objectives outlined in the management plans for kangaroos in the Australian rangelands and examined alternative systems for managing natural resources to identify if improvements to management could be made. Current management plans for kangaroos principally use fixed harvest rates that are responsive only to the state of the kangaroo population and not to changes in the environments in which kangaroos live. This type of management is reactive, and opportunities for improving management of the environment are limited. A viable alternative is active adaptive management which focuses on explicit measurement of the response of the natural system to management actions and use of this information to modify interventions to better meet management objectives. Active adaptive management is appropriate when management actions can strongly influence system state but the impacts of management are uncertain. We argue that the management of kangaroos and the environments in which they live would benefit from the adoption of an active adaptive management approach by wildlife management agencies.

An Introduction to Adaptive Management for Threatened and Endangered Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Runge
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Adaptive Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Threatened And Endangered Species ◽  
Management Challenge

Abstract Management of threatened and endangered species would seem to be a perfect context for adaptive management. Many of the decisions are recurrent and plagued by uncertainty, exactly the conditions that warrant an adaptive approach. But although the potential of adaptive management in these settings has been extolled, there are limited applications in practice. The impediments to practical implementation are manifold and include semantic confusion, institutional inertia, misperceptions about the suitability and utility, and a lack of guiding examples. In this special section of the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, we hope to reinvigorate the appropriate application of adaptive management for threatened and endangered species by framing such management in a decision-analytical context, clarifying misperceptions, classifying the types of decisions that might be amenable to an adaptive approach, and providing three fully developed case studies. In this overview paper, I define terms, review the past application of adaptive management, challenge perceived hurdles, and set the stage for the case studies which follow.

Preparatory Procedures for Electron Microscopic Analysis at the Molecular Level of Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
F.J. Sjostrand
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Obvious Reason

In the 1940's and 1950's electron microscopy conferences were attended with everybody interested in learning about the latest technical developments for one very obvious reason. There was the electron microscope with its outstanding performance but nobody could make very much use of it because we were lacking proper techniques to prepare biological specimens. The development of the thin sectioning technique with its perfectioning in 1952 changed the situation and systematic analysis of the structure of cells could now be pursued. Since then electron microscopists have in general become satisfied with the level of resolution at which cellular structures can be analyzed when applying this technique. There has been little interest in trying to push the limit of resolution closer to that determined by the resolving power of the electron microscope.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

Ultrastructural diagnosis of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
S. Siew
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Peritoneal Implant ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia

Mesothelial cells constitute the lining of the three serous sacs of the body i.e. the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. The more common type of malignant neoplasia of the serous sacs is seeding by metastatic tumors and primary malignancy of the mesothelium is unusual. Of the three sacs, the pleura is the most common site of malignant mesothelioma. Involvement of the peritoneum is extremely rare.We report 3 cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum. All of them were female. Their ages were 57, 67 and 72 years, respectively. The patients presented with abdominal discomfort and/or ascites. The extent of the tumors ranged from a peritoneal implant to widespread infiltration of the peritoneum and omentum. Histologic examination in Case 1 showed the presence of a diffusely infiltrating papillary mesothelioma without a sarcomatoid component. A mesodermal element was present in the other two cases. In order to establish a morphological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, the possibility has to be excluded of a metastatic adenocarcinoma.

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