scholarly journals FEATURES OF REMOTE INTERACTION OF POLYACRYLIC ACID AND POLYETHYLENIMINE HYDROGELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
T.K. Jumadilov ◽  
◽  
B. Totkhuskyzy ◽  
L.K. Yskak ◽  
T. Askar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Remote Interaction ◽  
Ratio Of Components ◽  
Ph Metry

The remote interaction between a weak polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte (gpac) and a weak polyethyleneimine polybase (gpei) is studied as a function of time at their different molar ratios and states in an aqueous medium. To predict the possibility of activation of the studied hydrogels, electrochemical properties were studied by conductometry and pH metry. During pH measurement, it was found that 24 hours of pH have the lowest values, indicating a high content of H+ ions in the aqueous medium. The dependence of the specific electrical conductivity, the maximum value at the ratio of 3:3 (PAC:PEI) and it coincides with the result of pH from the ratio of components. The obtained results indicate that significant changes in the electrochemical and conformational values of the initial macromolecules in the interpolymer system occur in this interpolymer system. Thus, studies have shown on the presence of a remote interaction between hydrogels and their mutual activation. With an increase in the content of one of the hydrogels in the solution, a significant increase in the swelling of hydrogels is observed in proportion to the concentration of the second component, which indicates their mutual activation.

Relationship between Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid and Conductivity of Ammonium Persulfate Oxidized Polypyrrole

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 674-677
Author(s):  
Yuan Ming Huang ◽  
Qing Lan Ma ◽  
Bao Gai Zhai ◽  
Fu Fang Zhou ◽  
Chun Xu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Maximum Value

The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Being nonhygroscopic, ammonium persulfate was used as the oxidant. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.375:1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.375:1.00.

Specific features of praseodymium extraction by intergel system based on polyacrylic acid and poly-4-vinylpyridine hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
T.K. Jumadilov ◽  
◽  
Z.B. Malimbayeva ◽  
Kh. Khimersen ◽  
I.S. Saparbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Ionization Degree ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Maximum Activation ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Remote Interaction ◽  
Praseodymium Ions

Some technological solutions contain valuable components and can become an additional source of rare-earth elements to satisfy the current production demands. This research provides the study on using a combination of polyacrylic acid hydrogel (hPAA) and hydrogel of poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in different molar ratios for praseodymium ions sorption from its nitrate solution. The mutual activation of the hydrogels in an aqueous medium provides their transformation into a highly ionized state by the conformational and electrochemical changes in properties during their remote interaction. The electrochemical properties of solutions were studied by the methods of electrical conductivity, and pH measurements of the solutions. The research showed that the maximum activation of hydrogels was revealed within the molar ratio of hPAA:hP4VP equal to 1:5. Moreover, the total praseodymium ions sorption degree after 24 hours of sorption by individual hPAA and hP4VP was 54 % and 47 %, respectively, whereas the praseodymium ions sorption degree by the hPAA–hP4VP intergel system in the molar ratio 1:5 became 62 %. A slight increase in the sorption degree of praseodymium ions by the intergel system in comparison with individual hydrogels can be explained by the achievement of a higher ionization degree of hydrogels being activated in the hPAA–hP4VP interpolymer system by the remote interaction effect.

Effect of Oxidant/Monomer Ratio on Conductivity of Ferric Chloride Oxidized Polypyrrole

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 666-669
Author(s):  
Yuan Ming Huang ◽  
Bao Gai Zhai ◽  
Qing Lan Ma ◽  
Xiao Yan Kong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Maximum Value

A series of polypyrrole samples were synthesized by oxidizing pyrrole in the aqueous medium of ferric chloride, and the relation between oxidant/monomer ratio and the electrical conductivity of polypyrrole was studied by increasing the ratio from 0.25:1 to 2.5:1. Our results showed that the conductivity of polypyrrole was dependent on the mole ratio of the oxidant to pyrrole, and a maximum value for electrical conductivity of 1500 S/m was achieved for a ratio of 0.75:1.

Effects of Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid on Conductivity of Ferric Chloride Oxidized Polypyrrole

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Yuan Ming Huang ◽  
Fu Fang Zhou ◽  
Qing Lan Ma ◽  
Ming Meng ◽  
Chun Xu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Maximum Value

The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.75: 1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.75:1.00.

Material Properties of Sipos Films Prepared by XeCl Excimer Laser Annealing of a-Si:Nx Films

1996 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Seok Choi ◽  
Jae-Hong Jun ◽  
Keun-Ho Jang ◽  
Min-Koo Han
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Laser Annealing ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Excimer Laser Annealing ◽  
Maximum Value

AbstractThe material properties of laser-annealed a-Si:Nx films were investigated. The a-Si:Nx films for laser-annealing were deposited by rf plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with NH3 and SiH4 gas mixtures. At the 0.35 of NH3/SiH4 ratio, the optical band-gap was abruptly increased to 2.82 eV from 2.05 eV by laser-annealing which indicates that Si-N bonding comes to be notable at that ratio. The electrical conductivity showed the maximum value of 4× 10-6 S/cm at the 0.11 of NH3/SiH4 ratio where the grain growth and the increase of Si-N bonding are optimized for the enhancement of electrical conductivity. The σP/σD ratio which is related to the defects states for photo generation centers was decreased with increasing NH 3/SiH 4 ratio. Our experimental data showed that the optical band gap and electrical conductivity of laserannealed a-Si:Nx films were dominantly affected by the NH3/SiH4 ratio at the 250 mJ/cm2 of laser-annealing energy density.

Electrical Conductivity of Agricultural Drainage Water in Iowa

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A Zimmerman ◽  
Amy L Kaleita
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Bulk Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drainage Waters

Abstract. Assessing the effectiveness of management strategies to reduce agricultural nutrient efflux is hampered by the lack of affordable, continuous monitoring systems. Generalized water quality monitoring is possible using electrical conductivity. However environmental conditions can influence the ionic ratios, resulting in misinterpretations of established electrical conductivity and ionic composition relationships. Here we characterize specific electrical conductivity (k25) of agricultural drainage waters to define these environmental conditions and dissolved constituents that contribute to k25. A field investigation revealed that the magnitude of measured k25 varied from 370 to 760 µS cm-1. Statistical analysis indicated that variability in k25 was not correlated with drainage water pH, temperature, nor flow rate. While k25 was not significantly different among drainage waters from growing and post-growing season, significant results were observed for different cropping systems. Soybean plots in rotation with corn had significantly lower conductivities than those of corn plots in rotation with soybeans, continuous corn plots, and prairie plots. In addition to evaluating k25 variability, regression analysis was used to estimate the concentration of major ions in solution from measured k25. Regression results indicated that HCO3-, Ca2+, NO3-, Mg2+, Cl-, Na2+, SO42- were the major drainage constituents contributing to the bulk electrical conductivity. Calculated ionic molal conductivities of these analytes suggests that HCO3-, Ca2+, NO3-, and Mg2+ account for approximately 97% of the bulk electrical conductivity. Keywords: Electrical conductivity, Salinity, Subsurface drainage, Total dissolved solids.

Effect of Polyacrylic Acid and Polyacrylamide on Clouding Behavior of Triton-X-100 in Aqueous Medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil D. Kakuste ◽  
Mahendra S. Borse ◽  
Gunvant H. Sonawane
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Triton X

scholarly journals Application of the Remote Interaction Effect and Molecular Imprinting in Sorption of Target Ions of Rare Earth Metals

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Talkybek Jumadilov ◽  
Ruslan Kondaurov ◽  
Aldan Imangazy
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Selective Sorption ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Remote Interaction

The goal of the present work is a comparative study of the effectiveness of the application of intergel systems and molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective sorption and separation of neodymium and scandium ions. The following physico-chemical methods of analysis were used in this study: colorimetry and atomic-emission spectroscopy. The functional polymers of polyacrylic acid (hPAA) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in the intergel system undergo significant changes in the initial sorption properties. The remote interaction of the polymers in the intergel system hPAA–hP4VP provides mutual activation of these macromolecules, with subsequent transfer into a highly ionized state. The maximum sorption of neodymium and scandium ions is observed at molar ratios of 83%hPAA:17%hP4VP and 50%hPAA:50%hP4VP. Molecularly imprinted polymers MIP(Nd) and MIP(Sc) show good results in the sorption of Nd and Sc ions. Based on both these types of these macromolecular structures, principally new sorption methods have been developed. The method based on the application of the intergel system is cheaper and easier in application, but there is some accompanying sorption (about 10%) of another metal from the model solution during selective sorption and separation. Another method, based on the application of molecularly imprinted polymers, is more expensive and the sorption properties are higher, with the simultaneous sorption of the accompanying metal from the model solution.

scholarly journals The effect of essential oils on quality and safety parameters of meat during its storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
A. U. Shkabrou ◽  
V. D. Raznichenka ◽  
L. Y. Kharkevich
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Quality Indices

This article researches the basic principles of mechanism for finding the concentrations of essential oils (EO) which are efficient for antimicrobial action, when used as a natural alternative to synthetic analogues. The effect of EO of rosemary, sage, garlic, laurel, cloves, basil and thyme on the structural components of meat, its physical and chemical, organoleptic and microbiological quality indices was studied. The effect of EO on duration of microorganisms’ growth phases is analyzed. It is shown that the reasonable concentration of the essential-oil mixture (EOM) is equal to 0.1%, since at this concentration the optimal inhibition of saprophytic microflora was provided with satisfactory organoleptic quality indices (“taste peculiar for this type of product”, “pleasant fragrance”, “spicy aroma”). The analysis of histological structural changes in muscle tissue showed that application of EOM slows down autolytic processes, which correlates with the data obtained in research of the specific electrical conductivity in water extracts from the muscle tissue. The autolysis process in the control samples was more intensive in comparison with the experimental samples stored in the EOM. Thus, by 84th hour of storage in the control sample the basophilic staining of the samples slices was observed, as well as almost complete disappearance of the striation of muscle fibers. In the muscle tissue slices the disintegration of individual fragments into myofibrils, and myofibrils into sarcomeres, was observed in form of a granular mass, sometimes enclosed in endomysium. The meat fibers were deformed and their separation was observed. The same changes with the studied samples stored in the EOM occurred only after 204 hours of storage. The above studies of changes in the specific electrical conductivity of water extract from meat during storage showed the presence of complexes of EOM components formed with proteins and lipids of muscle tissue. The obtained data are confirmed by histological studies. Thus, the use of EOM allowed elongation of the cold storage period of semi-finished natural lump products by 2.6 times, which proves the practical benefits of its use in the meat-processing industry.

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