scholarly journals The effects of graded level of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis, L) meal on performance of broiler starters

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani ◽  
A. U. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Two Stages

The effects of graded levels of dehulled-and-cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis, L) meal on the performance of broiler starters were studied. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled-and-detoxified by cooking in two stages at 1000C for 50 minutes per cooking. Sixty 7-day old unsexed broiler starters (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four isocaloric (2.88 mcal of ME/kg) and randomized design (CRD). Each group was fed one of four isolaric (2.88 Mcal of ME/kg) and isonitrogen (24% crude protein) diets containing 0%(control), 10, 15, and 20% levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal( CBM), respectively for five weeks. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between birds fed the control diet and those birds fed the 10% CBM diets in all the parameters measured with the exception of packed cell volume (PCV). Inclusion levels above 10% caused significant (P>0.05) caused reduction in average daily feed intake and daily weight gain. However, the reduction in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency reatio became significant (P<0.05) only at 20% inclusion level. PCV was depressed (P<0.05) by all the iunclusion levels of CBM. Overall, the birds fed the 20% dehulled-and-cooked CBm had the worst performance. It as concluded dehulled-and-cooked CBM could be included at the levels 10 and 15% in the broiler starter diets without much adverse efffects on the performance of the broiler starters.

scholarly journals Response of growing rabbits to graded levels of fermented and unfermented pineapple peel

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
O.A. Adeyemi ◽  
A.O. Ajado ◽  
A.O. Okubanjo ◽  
O.O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Retail Cuts

Forty growing rabbits were allocated equally to five groups in a 2 x 3 factorial layout and caged individually for a 56-day trial period in hutches. They were used to compare the effects of two processing methods (unfermented and fermented) and three dietary replacement levels of Pineapple peel meal (PPM) at 0%, 12.5% and 25% of maize on weight for weight basis. Parameters evaluated during the trial period included: growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Results show that average daily weight gain (ADG) reduced (P<0.05) as dietary inclusion level of PPM increased, although rabbits fed PPM at 12.5% dietary inclusion level compared favourably (P>0.05) with those fed the control diet (0%). However, ADG of rabbits fed fermented PPM was statistically higher (P<0.05) than that recorded for rabbits fed unfermented PPM. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in daily feed intake of rabbits as a result of dietary inclusion level or processing type of PPM. Better (P<0.05) feed efficiency was recorded in rabbits fed PPM at 12.5% dietary inclusion level than those fed at 25%. Fermentation enhanced the nutritional value of feedstuff and also improved feed efficiency. Total feed cost reduced (P<0.05) by 21.39% when PPM was included in the diet at 25%. However, production result was not comparable with the control. But feeding fermented PPM at 12.5% inclusion level resulted in the best (P<0.05) economy of production. Processing type or dietary inclusion level of PPM had no significant (P>0.05) effect on dressing-out percentage of experimental animals. There were neither significant (P>0.05) effects of processing type nor dietary inclusion level on retail cuts of the rabbits fed the different experimental diets. In all feeding rabbits with diets containing fermented PPM up to 12.5% replacement level for maize optimum performance.

scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility of goats fed melon husk and palm oil slurry at 30% inclusion level

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
S. S. Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 126-day study was conducted to determine growth, nutrient intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed melon husk (MH) and palm oil slurry (POS) as replacement for maize offal at 30% in concentrate diets. Sixteen goats weighing 6.5 – 7.Okg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments at 4 replicates of each. Dietary treatments included control (Diet 1): 0% MH 0% POS; Diet 2: 30% MH 0% POS; Diet 3: 0% MH 30% POS; and Diet 4: 30% MH 30% POS; supplemented with Panicum maximum (grass). Data collected were statistically analysed and results showed that animals on control Diet (Diet I) had the highest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 31.57g/day, and a corresponding highest (P<0.05) feed intake of 365. 97g/day and best feed conversion ratio of 11.59. Animals fed Diet 3 had lowest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 19.42g/day, with corresponding lowest (P<0.05) dy matter intake of 334.94g/day and poor feed conversion ratio of 17.24, respectively. Variations in dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre (CF) intake were significant (P<0.05). Crude protein (CP) intake decreased progressively from diet 1 to 4, but not significantly (P >0.05). CF intake was highest in diet 4 (124.6g) and lowest in diet 1(64.72g). Ether extract (52.80g), Ash (21.48g), Neutral detergent fibre (222.88g), and lignin (60.64g) were highest in diet 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest in animals on diet 2 (86.31%) and lowest in those on diet 4 (72.28%). It was evident that goats could be fed MH and POS at the inclusion levels adopted in this study except at 30% POS inclusion level at which growth was poorest.  

scholarly journals Performance of broiler finishers fed graded levels of processed castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal supplemented with DL-methionine

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani ◽  
A. U. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal (CBM) and supplementary DL-methionine on growth performance and certain blood parameters of broiler finishers. One hundred and eighty 6-week old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into 12 groups of 15 birds each. The groups were randomly assigned to 12 isocaloric (2.90 Mcal/kgME) and isonitrogenous (21.00%CP) diets in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement involving a control (0%), three cooked castor oil bean meal levels (10,15 and 20%) and three DL-methionine levels (0,0.25 and 0.5%). Each treaiment was replicated thrice with 5 birds each. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum from 42 to 70d of age. The results showed that above 15% CBM inclusion level, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily weight gain (ADWG) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. There were also significant reductions (P<0.05) in efficiencies of feed and protein utilization, and in apparent retention of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). While packed cell volume was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by CBM or DL-methionine, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was significantly (P<0.05) increased at 20% CBM level. Supplementation with DL-methionine improved (P<0.05) weight gain at the 15 and 20% levels of CBM inclusion; improved Hb and efficiencies of feed and protein utilization at the 20% level of CBM inclusion, improved nitrogen retention at the 0% level of CBM inclusion; improved EE retention at the O and 20% levels of CBM inclusion, and improved NFE retention at the 15% level of CBM inclusion. The results of this study indicate that processed CBM can be included in broiler finisher diet at 15% level with DL-methionine supplementation to obtain normal growth in broiler birds. 

scholarly journals Inclusion of milled canola grain in the diet of broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleverson de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Cleison de Souza ◽  
Paula Horácio Cesar ◽  
Aline Felix Schneider Bedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Dunnett Test ◽  
Inclusion Level

Abstract The effect of milled canola grain (MCG) in the diet of broiler chickens, from 1 to 42 days old, on performance, organ weight, biochemical profile, and carcass yield was evaluated. A total of 660 one-day-old male Cobb® broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six levels of inclusion of MCG in the diet (0; 5; 10; 15; 20, and 25%), totaling six treatments with five replicates of 22 birds. The canola used for the experiment was ground using a hammer mill with a 4.5 mm sieve to obtain a DGM of 955 µm. Performance data, organ index, blood biochemical profile, carcass yields, and cut up weights were evaluated. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when there was significance Dunnett’ test was used to compare the inclusion levels the control diet. An effect was seen on mean weights and on feed conversion based on the inclusion level of MCG in the diets. The birds that received 20 and 25% inclusion of canola in the diet presented a worse performance in relation to that of the control. For the other variables analyzed, no effect of the treatments was observed when compared with the control (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion level of MCG in the diet of up to 15% can be used without losses to the performance of birds and without influencing the metabolism of the birds.

scholarly journals Effect of replacement of rice offal with graded levels of melon (Citrullus Vulgaris) seed offal on performance of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S. Attah ◽  
D. D. Ortserga ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Cost

The feeding value of melon (Citrulus vulgaris) seed offal (MSO) was determined in a 12-week feeding trial using 25 six weeks old male rabbits with an average initial weight of 485g. The animals were fed diets containing 0,7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% MSO in a completely randomized design (CRD). Digestibility trial and economic benefits of using the test material were carried out. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between means were also determine. Results obtained showed no significant (P>0.05) treatment effects on daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The cost of feeding diets 1 and 2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher (A$152.34 and N157.20) than for diets 4 and 5 (AL143.53 and N135.56). The cost generally decreased from N152.34- N135.56 with increase in the level of MSO in the diets. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by increase in the levels of MSO in the diets. DM and CP digestibilities were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 15 and 30% MSO levels when compared with the control and other MSO levels. MSO inclusion in the diets significantly (P<0.05) improved EE digestibility above that of control diet but EE digestibility did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) among diets containing MSO. Crude fibre (CF) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibilities were similar (P>0.05) for all the diets. It can be concluded that MSO could be used up to 100% replacement for RO in rabbit diets.   

scholarly journals Dehydrated cashew apple meal in the feeding of growing rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Thalles Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas ◽  
Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽  
Maria Elizimar Felizardo Guerreiro ◽  
Amanda Da Rocha Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Two trials were conducted aiming to determine the chemical composition, the digestibility of nutrients and energy from dehydrated cashew apple meal, as well as to evaluate the effects generated by including increasing levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of this ingredient in growing rabbit feed, on performance, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation. In the digestibility trial, were used 24 rabbits with 55 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and twelve repetitions, being one reference feed and the other test feed, composed by 70% of the reference feed and 30% DCAM. The coefficients of the dry matter digestibility, crude protein and gross energy of the DCAM were, respectively, 67.79; 30.03 and 48.61%. The digestible dry matter, digestible protein and digestible energy, based on dry matter, were, respectively, 59.55%; 4.76% and 2,119.66 kcal/kg. In the second trial, 120 mixed breed rabbits were used, with an average of 45 days of age and weight 1143 ± 153g. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions with two rabbits of the same sex per cage. It was observed that the inclusion of DCAM did not affect (P > 0.05) the feed intake, but reduced (P < 0.05) the feed conversion efficiency, as well as a linear reduction in carcass yield. A quadratic effect on daily weight gain and the ratio meat/bone was observed, with better inclusion level estimated at 25.31 and 24.65%, respectively. The inclusion of DCAM linearly improved economic viability to the level of 50%, however not to harm the weight gain and the ratio meat/bone, it is recommended to include up to 25%.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with composite cassava meal (CCM) on growth and economics performance of rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
A. Abacky ◽  
S. M. Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
The Cost

A 91 day feeding trial was conducted using twenty (20) weaned heterogeneous breed rabbits of both sexes with initial weight of 225g–500g to evaluate the replacement value of maize for composite cassava meal (CCM) in diet. Five experimental diets were formulated such that the control diet represented as treatment 1(T1) contained 100% maize as the major energy source in the diet. CCM replaced 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize in the other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively). The rabbits were divided into five treatments of four rabbits each and randomly assigned to the five diets in a completely randomized design with each rabbit serving as replicate. Data collected included weight gain and feed intake, while feed conversion ratio and economics of production were computed. The result revealed that the crude protein (17.78-16.26%) and ether extract (6.79-5.93) content of the diet decreases as level of CCM increased in the diets while crude fibre (12.67-13.88%) content increased with increased level of CCM in the diet. The nutrient compositions of the experimental diets were within acceptable ranges for growing rabbits. The final weight and the total weight gain were not affected by treatment but feed intake significantly increased as the level of replacement increased indicating enhanced acceptability due to CCM in diet. Daily weight gain was also enhanced as the level of replacement of CCM for maize increased. The cost of feed per kg was reduced but the total cost of feeding was increased as the level of replacement increased. The cost of production was minimized and profit was maximized at 100%, when 100% of the maize was replaced by CCM. CCM has no harmful effect on performance of rabbits and the replacement of maize with CCM in diet has reduce the cost of feed per kilogram and maximize profit at 100% level of replacement. Farmers can include composite cassava meal in diet of rabbits to replace 100% of maize as major source of energy in diet.

scholarly journals Growth and serum mineral profile of broiler starter fed dried cocoyam tuber (colocasia esculenta) meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Onyekwere M. U. ◽  
Jiwuba P. C. ◽  
Okechukwu S. O. ◽  
Anuonye A. C.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Inclusion Level

A 30-day experiment was conducted with 240 unsexed broiler starters to determine the effect of cocoyam tuber meal on growth and serum mineral profile. Four diets were formulated at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cocoyam tuber meal. The birds were assigned the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design and replicated 3 times with 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum. Data were collected on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood was sampled from each treatment group, data obtained were analysed statistically. The performance of the broiler starter birds showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. Average daily weight gain was improved (p<0.05) by cocoyam inclusion at 30% inclusion level. FCR of the birds in treatment groups were significantly (p<0.05) better than the control. The parameters of serum mineral profile maintained a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments and showed a good evidence of body structural components of the birds. These results showed that inclusion of cocoyam tuber meal had a beneficial effect on performance and structural components of broiler starters. Cocoyam tuber meal inclusion level at 30% was recommended for optimum broiler starter birds.

scholarly journals Pawpaw seed meal-based diets enhanced growth performance of rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
S. K. Ayandiran ◽  
A. A. Oladokun ◽  
Y. A, Olaogun ◽  
A. A. Akande ◽  
I. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance of rabbits fed pawpaw seed based diet. In ten-week trial, 60 mixed breeds of weaner rabbits aged 5 - 6 weeks were allotted to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Five concentrate diets were  compounded with the inclusion of pawpaw seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% graded levels. The rabbits were weighed before the commencement of the experiment and  subsequently weekly throughout the experiment to calculate the daily weight gain. The proximate composition and the metabolizable energy of experimental diets were carried out  in the laboratory. The feed intake was estimate from the differences between the feed offer and  the feed refusal. The proximate components of the diets contained inclusion of PSM were similar and comparable to the control diet in this study. The metabolizable energy of 10%PSM, 20%PSM and 40%PSM diets were higher than the 0%PSM. There were no  significant differences (P>0.05) among the means of feed intake, initial and final weight of  rabbits across the experimental treatment. The rabbits fed diets 0%PSM (6.52) and 30%PSM  (6.82) had significantly higher (p<0.05) daily weight gains as compared to 10%PSM (5.82)  and 40%PSM (4.85) diets whereas rabbits fed 20%PSM (4.59) had the best feed conversion  ratio compared to 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30%PSM (6.71) and 40%PSM (7.75). It could therefore be concluded that inclusion of pawpaw seed meal in the diet of rabbits up to 30% improved feed intake and growth performance of rabbits.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier les performances de croissance des lapins nourris à base de graines de papaye. Au cours d'un essai de dix semaines, 60 races mixtes de lapins sevrés âgés de 5 à 6 semaines ont été attribuées à cinq traitements d'une conception complètement randomisée. Cinq régimes concentrés ont été composés avec l'inclusion du repas de graine de papaye (le 'PSM') aux niveaux classés 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40%. Les lapins ont été pesés avant le début de l'expérience et par la suite chaque semaine tout au long de l'expérience pour calculer le gain de poids quotidien. La composition immédiate et l'énergie métabolisable des régimes expérimentaux ont été réalisées en laboratoire. L'apport alimentaire a été estimé à partir des différences entre l'offre alimentaire et le refus d'alimentation. Les composants proximate des régimes qui ont de 'PSM' étaient semblables et comparables au régime de contrôle dans cette étude. L'énergie métabolisable de 10% PSM, 20%PSM et 40%PSM régimes étaient plus élevés que les 0%PSM. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives (P>0,05) entre les moyens d'apport alimentaire, le poids initial et final des lapins dans le traitement expérimental. Les lapins nourris régimes 0%PSM (6.52) et 30%PSM (6.82) ont eu sensiblement plus haut (p<0.05) gains quotidiens de poids par rapport à 10%PSM (5.82) et 40%PSM (4.85) régime alors que les lapins nourris à 20% PSM (4.59) avaient le meilleur ratio de conversion des aliments contre 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30% PSM (6.71) et 40% PSM (7.75). On pourrait donc conclure que l'inclusion de farine de graines de papaye dans l'alimentation des lapins jusqu'à 30 % a amélioré l'apport alimentaire et les performances de croissance des lapins.

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