scholarly journals Effect of replacement of rice offal with graded levels of melon (Citrullus Vulgaris) seed offal on performance of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S. Attah ◽  
D. D. Ortserga ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Cost

The feeding value of melon (Citrulus vulgaris) seed offal (MSO) was determined in a 12-week feeding trial using 25 six weeks old male rabbits with an average initial weight of 485g. The animals were fed diets containing 0,7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% MSO in a completely randomized design (CRD). Digestibility trial and economic benefits of using the test material were carried out. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between means were also determine. Results obtained showed no significant (P>0.05) treatment effects on daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The cost of feeding diets 1 and 2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher (A$152.34 and N157.20) than for diets 4 and 5 (AL143.53 and N135.56). The cost generally decreased from N152.34- N135.56 with increase in the level of MSO in the diets. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by increase in the levels of MSO in the diets. DM and CP digestibilities were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 15 and 30% MSO levels when compared with the control and other MSO levels. MSO inclusion in the diets significantly (P<0.05) improved EE digestibility above that of control diet but EE digestibility did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) among diets containing MSO. Crude fibre (CF) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibilities were similar (P>0.05) for all the diets. It can be concluded that MSO could be used up to 100% replacement for RO in rabbit diets.   

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with composite cassava meal (CCM) on growth and economics performance of rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
A. Abacky ◽  
S. M. Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
The Cost

A 91 day feeding trial was conducted using twenty (20) weaned heterogeneous breed rabbits of both sexes with initial weight of 225g–500g to evaluate the replacement value of maize for composite cassava meal (CCM) in diet. Five experimental diets were formulated such that the control diet represented as treatment 1(T1) contained 100% maize as the major energy source in the diet. CCM replaced 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize in the other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively). The rabbits were divided into five treatments of four rabbits each and randomly assigned to the five diets in a completely randomized design with each rabbit serving as replicate. Data collected included weight gain and feed intake, while feed conversion ratio and economics of production were computed. The result revealed that the crude protein (17.78-16.26%) and ether extract (6.79-5.93) content of the diet decreases as level of CCM increased in the diets while crude fibre (12.67-13.88%) content increased with increased level of CCM in the diet. The nutrient compositions of the experimental diets were within acceptable ranges for growing rabbits. The final weight and the total weight gain were not affected by treatment but feed intake significantly increased as the level of replacement increased indicating enhanced acceptability due to CCM in diet. Daily weight gain was also enhanced as the level of replacement of CCM for maize increased. The cost of feed per kg was reduced but the total cost of feeding was increased as the level of replacement increased. The cost of production was minimized and profit was maximized at 100%, when 100% of the maize was replaced by CCM. CCM has no harmful effect on performance of rabbits and the replacement of maize with CCM in diet has reduce the cost of feed per kilogram and maximize profit at 100% level of replacement. Farmers can include composite cassava meal in diet of rabbits to replace 100% of maize as major source of energy in diet.

scholarly journals Effect of graded levels of raw bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on nutrient intake, digestibility and utilization by rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Gross Energy

The effect of graded levels of raw bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on nutrient intake, digestibility and utilization by weaner rabbits was investigated. Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 30% raw bambara nut waste (RBW). Twenty-four hybrid (Chinchilla x New Zealand white) weaner rabbits weighing 790-880g at six weeks were randomly divided into four groups of6 rabbits each. The groups were randomly assigned to the four diets in a completely randomized design (CRD) for 56 days. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with two rabbits per replicate. Results showed that significant differences (P<0.05) existed among treatments in final body weight (FBW), average daily weight gain (4DWG) and intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and digestible energy (DE). There were also significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments in digestibility coefficients of DM, CP crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE), Rabbits fed 20 and 30% RBW diets had significantly (P<0.05) lower FBW and ADGW, and lower (P<0.05) intake of DM, CP GE and DE than rabbits fed the control diet. Rabbits fed 20 and 30% RBW diets also had significantly (P<0.05) lower digestibility coefficients of DM, CP CF, EE and NFE Results showed that nutrient intake, weight gain and digestibility coefficients were depressed. Mortality was observed at 20 and 30% RBW levels. Although there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments in relative organ weights and in carcass dressing percentage, the kidney of rabbits fed 30% RBW diets had mild degeneration necrosis and dilatation of the tubules. Bile duct dilatation, hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelia cells. fibrosis and thickening of the interlobular septa were observed in the liver of rabbits fed 30% RBW diets. The depression in nutrient intake, and weight gain, and the observed histopathological changes at 20 and 30% RBW levels could be due to ant nutritional factors present in the raw bambara nut waste or done to high fibre levels of RBW The results indicate that up to 10% RBH can be included in the diets of weaner rabbits without serious deleterious effects on rabbits

scholarly journals Comparative effect of feeding sundried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) meal and its whole meal to weaner rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
C. C. Ekwe ◽  
I. Nwabueze ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potato Meal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of feeding sundried sweet potato and its whole meal to weaner rabbits. The proximate analysis conducted revealed that sundried sweet potato meal and whole sundried sweet potato meal samples were rather low in protein contents as compared to maize. Twenty seven Weaner rabbits averaging 0.35kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated 3 times. Sundried Sweet potato meal and its whole meal replaced maize at 20% inclusion level. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 contained the control, sundried sweet potato meal (SSPM) and whole sundried sweet potato meal (WSSPM) respectively at 20% levels of inclusion. The weaner rabbits were fed ad-libitum throughout the experimental period. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for growth performance of the rabbits in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in the weaner rabbits using sundried sweet potato and its whole meal. The values of mean daily weight gain ranged from 16.33g in treatment 2 (SSPM) to 18.47g in treatment 1 (control). Treatment 3 (WSSPM) gave a higher value that is comparable (p>0.05) to that of the control diet but better (p<0.05) than that of treatment 3 (SSPM). The values of average daily feed intake also ranged from 43g in treatment 2 (SSPM) to 50g in treatment 1 (control). WSSPM was consumed more than (p<0.05) than the SSPM which however influenced the cost of total feed consumed. Moreover, the values of feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 2.54 in treatment 3 (WSSPM) to 2.70 in treatment 1 (control). Significant differences (p<0.05) were also observed in bio-economics of production of weaner rabbits using the test diets. The cost per kg feed, cost of total feed consumed per rabbit, cost per kg weight gain and revenue of the rabbits fed the test diets were significantly lower than the control diet however, the cost per kg weight gain was lower (p<0.05) for treatment 3 (WSSPM). For gross margin, WSSPM value was significantly higher (p<0.05) than SSPM value and the control diet. It was concluded that whole sundried sweet potato meal can be a good feed ingredient in rabbit diet.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary inclusion of Anthonata macrophyla meal on the performance of broiler starter chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
C. S. Durunna ◽  
A.B.I. Udedibie ◽  
M.C. Uchegbu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Anth:-:: macrophylla meal on the performance of broiler starter chicks. Anthonala macrophyla was harvested from the wild, wushed, chopped into tablets, sun-dried and milled to produce the test meal. The meal contained un diy matter basis 21.11% crude protein, 1.90% crude fat, 2.00% total ash, 5.03% crude fibre and 54.36% nitrogen free extract. Five (5) broiler starter diets were formulated to contain the meal at 0,5,10,15 and 20% level, respectively. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Anak broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups of thirty-six birds each and randomly allocated to the five treatment rations in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficient ratio, cost of production of one kilogramme of each test feed among others and carcass characteristics. At 15 and 20% dietary levels. Anthonata macrophylla significantly (p<0.05) depressed feed intake, daily weight guin, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and final weight gain of the birds. Organ weight parameters showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatments. The results of this investigation suggest that Anthonata macrophyla meal can be included in broiler starter ration up to 10% without any deleterious effect on the birds and at this level of inclusion, feed cost was reduced by 10%. 

scholarly journals Replacement value of shea nut meal for dietary maize on growth performance and economics of production of rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
E. N. Dzungwe ◽  
T. Ahemen ◽  
C. D. Tuleun
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Shea nut meal is a by-product that is cheaper than maize though its replacement value for min rabbit diet is not yet determined. It is however, hoped that the use of shea nut meal in diet would reduce the cost of production and increase profit. A twelve-week trial was therefore conducted to determine the replacement value of shea nut meal (SNM) for dietary maize on growth performance and economics of production of rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into five, replicated eight times and allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 had maize as major energy source and without SNM, while in diet 2, 3, 4 and 5, SNM replaced maize at 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. Proximate composition of SNM, feed intake, weight gain, feed cost, cost of production, revenue and profit were determined. The study revealed that SNM has 16.83 % ether extract (EE) and 46.66 % nitrogen free extract (NFE), low in crude fibre (CF) and 8.74% crude protein (CP). Daily feed intake was higher (p<0.05) for rabbits fed control (65.79g/day) than those fed the test diets (50.90- 60.10g/day). Rabbits fed control diet gained similar (p>0.05) weight as those fed diets 2 or 3, but higher (p<0.05) than those fed diets 4 or 5. Feed gain ratio by rabbit were similar (p>0.05) except rabbits fed diet 5 which were significantly less. Cost per kg diet decreased (p<0.05) as level of replacement increased, and the control diet cost (N 88.75) more than any (N 72.77 - N 84.76) of the test diets. Cost of feeding and total cost of production were reduced (p<0.05) by 16.86 – 36.55% due to replacement. The cost to gain a kg of weight was similar (p>0.05) for each of diets 1 to 4 but significantly (p<0.05) less than that of diet 5. The gross margin was lesser when SNM replaced maize in diets at 100%. Replacement of maize with SNM in diets up to 75% has no negative effect of growth performance and economics of production, however, at 100% replacement levels; there was a decreased feed intake, increased cost per kg weight gain, and a reduced gross margin.

scholarly journals Potentials of Bio Fermented Rice Husk Meal as a Replacement to Brewer’s Dried Grain in Finisher Broiler’s Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
J. N. Ikpe ◽  
E. C. Oko ◽  
I. C. Vining-Ogu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
The Cost

Generation of rice husk waste is currently increasing in Nigeria leading to piles of heaps of the rice husk around the rice mills. Production cost for broilers has risen tremendously due to high cost of feed ingredients one of which is Brewer&rsquo;s Dried Grain (BDG). Rice husk has been identified as a feed stuff but it contains high fibre and is abrasive which hindered its utilization as feed ingredient in broiler production. This research was then, conducted to determine the effect of replacing BDG with bio fermented rice husk in finisher broiler&rsquo;s diet. Four treatment diets were formulated. T1 (control) contained 15% BDG while in T2, T3 and T4 bio fermented rice husk meal replaced BDG at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% respectively. The diets were assigned to 120 broilers of 28 days old in a complete randomized design of 10 broilers each replicated 3 times. The performance of the broilers was observed for 28 days. The broilers were slaughtered to obtain the carcass and organ characteristics. The daily weight gain was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the groups while feed intake was highest for T4 group and no mortality was recorded. The percentage live weight of all the carcass and organ characteristics were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the treatment groups except the breast muscle which reduced for broilers on the test ingredient. The cost of producing the treatment diets was highest for control diet while cost of feeding broilers to a kilogram weight was least for the control group. The research concluded that though the fermented rice husk had a potential to substitute BDG in the diet of finisher broilers, there was an indication of high production cost.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Offal Meal Improved by Rumen Filtrate Fermentation on the Performance and Economics of Producing Table Rabbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Albert Terlumun Kpehe ◽  
Comfort Dooshima Tuleun ◽  
Fabian Gyizaka Kaankuka ◽  
Samuel Mtsegh Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
The Cost

In an effort to expand the knowledge base on the use of non conventional feedstuff in rabbit nutrition, the nutritional potential and the cost effectiveness of using rice offal fermented with rumen filtrate for 48 hours was investigated using twenty five (25) growing crossbred rabbit bucks weighed between 625.34 g-631.21 g for 10 weeks. The rabbits were divided into five (5) treatment groups of five (5) rabbits each with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The control group was fed with a diet containing maize as the main energy source while the remaining four groups were fed with diets in which the maize was replaced with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% Rumen filtrate fermented-rice offal meals respectively. Final weight was similar (P>0.05) in rabbits fed maize-based control diet and those fed diet containing 5% to 20% Rumen Filtrate Fermented Rice Offal Meals (FRO). The experimental diets had significant (P<0.05) effect on the daily feed intake, and daily body weight gain with rabbits on 20% having superior weights of 93.88 g and 20.54 g respectively, and a better feed conversion ratio of 4.57 g. The cost of feed per kg of weight gain was lowered progressively from N446/kg for the control diet to N307/kg for the 20% FRO diet, where the lowest feed cost was observed, with a concomitant improvement in overall production profitability. It was concluded that fermenting rice offal with rumen filtrate had high potential as a possible replacement for maize in rabbit diet at inclusion levels of up to 20%. The use of this agricultural by-product can reduce the cost of rabbit production, increase the availability of cheaper animal protein for the populace, generate higher profit margins for the livestock farmer and reduce environmental pollution. It was therefore recommended that feed manufacturers and rabbit farmers can incorporate up to 20% of bovine rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal meal in the diets of rabbits without compromising performance.

scholarly journals Production and Economic Feasibility of Hydroponics Maize Fodder on Performance of Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Sujaya Upreti ◽  
Ram P. Ghimire ◽  
Megh Raj Tiwari ◽  
Niraj Banskota
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydroponics maize fodder on growth and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets from July 1st, 2017 to August 11th, 2017, for six weeks. The experiment consisted of 75 days old, 15 crossbreed piglets (Duroc x Nagpuri & Duroc) in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and five replications. Treatment 1 (T1) contained 100% concentrate feed, Treatment 2 (T2) 90% concentrate feed and 10% hydroponics maize fodder and Treatment 3 (T3) 80% concentrate feed and 20% hydroponics maize fodder in the diet. The study revealed that hydroponics maize fodder contained DM 13.80%, CP 12.54%, NDF 47.04%, and ADL 16.51%. The treatments had non-significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily weight gain, final weight and feed conversion ratio of the piglets. However, piglets fed with 90% concentrate and 10% hydroponics maize fodder had the highest final weight (35.8±5.0 kg), while the lowest (33.6±5.00 kg) was recorded in piglets fed with 80% concentrate and 20% hydroponics maize fodder. The cost of hydroponics maize fodder production was Rs. 20.62 per kg, which was higher than the cost in the Indian context. The difference in Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was also not significant. However, piglets fed with T2 (1:2.58) diet recorded higher FCR than T3 (1:2.56) and T1 (1:2.51). In conclusion, the inclusion of hydroponics maize fodder in piglets diet appeared promising in growth, nutrient digestibility and cost of production.

scholarly journals Viability of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1157-1174
Author(s):  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
◽  
Iziz Paula Anhon Silva Lautert ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Ton ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat and economic viability characteristics of pigs fed Brazilian coproducts of corn ethanol production. A total of 40 finishing pigs were subjected to four levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 100, 200, or 300 g kg-1) for 28 days, and body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were measured. After slaughter, the carcass yield, fat thickness, loin eye area, the depth and perimeter of the loin eye, and the pH and temperature at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem, along with the drip loss and color of the Longissimus lumborum were evaluated. The economic viability of the diets was calculated. The inclusion of DDGS showed a quadratic effect on daily feed intake over 0-14 days. Pigs fed with 300 g kg-1 of DDGS showed worse feed conversion than those fed the control diet over 0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 days. The a* color parameter of the meat decreased linearly with increasing DDGS concentration but the other carcass and meat characteristics were not affected. Inclusion of 184.1 g kg-1 of DDGS showed the best economic viability, considering the cost of weight gain. DDGS may be included in pig diets up to 200 g kg-1 without affecting the performance or carcass and meat characteristics, while 300 g kg-1 compromises feed conversion.

scholarly journals The effects of graded level of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis, L) meal on performance of broiler starters

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani ◽  
A. U. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Two Stages

The effects of graded levels of dehulled-and-cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis, L) meal on the performance of broiler starters were studied. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled-and-detoxified by cooking in two stages at 1000C for 50 minutes per cooking. Sixty 7-day old unsexed broiler starters (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four isocaloric (2.88 mcal of ME/kg) and randomized design (CRD). Each group was fed one of four isolaric (2.88 Mcal of ME/kg) and isonitrogen (24% crude protein) diets containing 0%(control), 10, 15, and 20% levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal( CBM), respectively for five weeks. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between birds fed the control diet and those birds fed the 10% CBM diets in all the parameters measured with the exception of packed cell volume (PCV). Inclusion levels above 10% caused significant (P>0.05) caused reduction in average daily feed intake and daily weight gain. However, the reduction in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency reatio became significant (P<0.05) only at 20% inclusion level. PCV was depressed (P<0.05) by all the iunclusion levels of CBM. Overall, the birds fed the 20% dehulled-and-cooked CBm had the worst performance. It as concluded dehulled-and-cooked CBM could be included at the levels 10 and 15% in the broiler starter diets without much adverse efffects on the performance of the broiler starters.

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