scholarly journals High quality cassava peel mash supplemented with direct fed microbial as an alternate source of energy supplement: Effects on performance and blood parameters in growing pig

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
A. O. K. Adesehinwa ◽  
A. A. Fatufe ◽  
E. Ajayi ◽  
J. O. Abiola ◽  
O. O. Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cassava Peel

The feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of feeding high quality cassava peel mash (HQCP) with or without multi-strain direct fed microbials (DFM) as replacement for maize in the diet of growing pigs on growth, cost benefit, haematology and serumbiochemical indices. A total of 90 growing pigs with an initial weight of 25.36±0.87 kg were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. The factors were 2 levels of HQCP (7.5% and 15%), two DFM inclusions and a control diet with neither HQCP nor DFM. Pigs on T1 were given corn (40%) based diet without HQCP, T2 had 18.75% of Maize (7.5kg) replaced by HQCP and T3 had 37.5% of total Maize (15kg) replaced by HQCP. The pigs in T4 were given same diet as in T2 with addition of multi-strain DFM and animals on T5 were given the same diet with those on T3 with addition of multi-strain DFM microbial. Each treatment group had three replicates with six animals per replicate. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the performance characteristics of the growing pigs among the diets. The body weight gain ranged between 10.97 and 13.56 Kg in T5 and T3, respectively. The least feed conversion ratio of 3.98 was observed in T3 while the highest feed conversion ratio (4.77) was observed in T5. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices examined were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatments. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of HQCP, DFM or their interaction on all the haematological parameters analysed. There was significant effect of HQCP and DFM interaction on the serum cholesterol (p=0.0062), high density lipoprotein (p=0.05) and low density lipoprotein (p=0.0018). It can be concluded from this study that growing pigs can utilize HQCP up to 15% in their diet without any adverse effect.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc supplementation in different types of feed on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Siti Khairunnisa ◽  
Sumiati ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Wiwin Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in various diets on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens. Subsequently, about 180 one-week-old IPB-D2 chickens were used in the study and were fed the treatment diets for 12 weeks. Also, this study employed a completely randomised factorial design with six treatments and three replications of ten birds each. These treatment diets included A1, which contained nutrients based on SNI (2013) without Zn supplementation, A2 which is a combination of A1 and 60 ppm of Zinc, B1 which contained nutrients 5% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, B2 which is a combination of B1 and 60 ppm Zinc, C1 which contains nutrients 10% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, and lastly, C2 which is a combination of C1 and 60 ppm of Zinc. Furthermore, the data were analysed using ANOVA, and the parameters observed were the body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, blood profile and the villi surface area of the jejunum. Consequently, the results showed that C2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight and body weight gain when fed to the finisher and grower chickens, respectively. More so, when the finisher chickens were fed the 10% SNI diet, there was an increased body weight gain and also a significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the addition of 60 ppm zinc increased haemoglobin significantly (P<0.05), whereas C2 decreased leukocytes significantly (P<0.05) in chicken blood. However, the treatments had no effect on feed consumption in the villi surface area of the jejunum. Therefore, the study concluded that supplementing the IPB-D2 chickens with 60 ppm zinc in a 10% SNI diet resulted in the best performance and health status.

scholarly journals Enzymatic programs for broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Otávio Berti Sorbara ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
Eliane Saiuri Nakage ◽  
Francisco Piracés ◽  
Alexandra Potença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Phase

Two trials were conducted on floor pens to evaluate the performance of broilers fed with diets contained different carbohydrases enzyme programs at different ages. Trial 1- The body weight gain (BWG) was affected by the Negative Control (NC) treatment (P<0.05). However, when the birds were fed with the NC diet + Amilase (AMY)+Xilanase (XYL), the BWG improved and reached the same level as the Positive Control (PC). Trial 2- The birds received enzymes supplementation in the total phase and others only in the grower phase.The ME reduction by 120 kcal/kg increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) when compared to PC and none of the enzyme programs was able to recover the performance. It can be concluded that it is possible to supplement with AMY during the role period of broiler chicken life or use an enzymatic program with AMY or AMY+XYL only in the grower phase.

scholarly journals Suplementasi Urea Molasis Blok untuk Meningkatkan Penampilan Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Pakan Hijauan Gamal

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Siti ◽  
I. G. M. A. Sucipta ◽  
I. M. Mudita ◽  
I. B. G. Partama ◽  
I.G.L.O. Cakra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion

The supplementation of urea molasses block for increasing performance of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing gliricidia spium green forage ABSTRACT. The aimed of this experiment to study the supplementation of urea molasses block for performance increased of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing Gliricidia spium green forage has been conducted at Tabanan regency and Animal Nutrition Laboratory. The Latin Square Design which four treatments and four replicates was used in this experiment. The four treatments were the levels of urea molasses block : 0, 50, 100 and 150g respectively. The animal access to ad libitum Gliricidia spium green forage and drink water. The animal fed twice a day urea molasses block at the morning and at the afternoon. The variables which were observed including feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The result of this experiment showed dry matter feed consumption, drink water, nutrient digestibility of the four treatments is not significantly different (P 0.05). The body weight gain at treatment C was significantly higher (P 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower (P 0.05) than treatments A, B and D. From the results in this experiment it can be concluded that the used of urea molasses block 100g on the effect to increased the performance of ettawah crossbred goats with basal diet Gliricidia spium green forage.

scholarly journals Dietary evaluation of starter broiler chicks fed cooked cocoyam tuber meal (xanthosoma sagitifolium) as energy source in place of maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

Considering the inherent attributes of tannia cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) its appropriate utilization may enhance performance of starter broiler chicks. This study was therefore carried out to determine the dietary evaluation of starter broiler chicks fed cooked cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in place of maize. The cooked cocoyam tuber meal was used to replace maize at various levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively for diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 to determine the best replacement level that would give optimal performance in starter broiler chicks' diets. Result of the proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tuber meal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 1.85% ether extract, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fibre, 70.13% nitrogen free extract and 3004.37 Kcal/kgME. 150 day old Anak broiler chicks were used for the experiment. They were divided into 5 treatment groups of 30 broiler chicks each. Each treatment group was subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each and kept in deep litter. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 starter broilers for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. They were given feed and water adlibitum. Parameters measured include initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and economics of production. In the starter broiler feeding trial, the starter broilers on 25% cooked cocoyam meal compared favourably with the control (P> 0.05) in terms of feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and significantly (P > 0.05) performed between than those on 100% CCYM. The cost of production (N/Kg broiler) was however cheapest for diet 2 (25% CCYM) N395 versus control diet (N494.28). It was therefore concluded that cooked cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) could be used in the diets of starter broiler chicks' up to 25% without affecting the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

Dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) as energy source in place of maize in broiler chicken production

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
A. C. Ogbonna ◽  
O. O. Adedokun ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion

Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) and its appropriate utilization in chicken diets may enhance performance of broiler chicken. This study was therefore carried out to determine the dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in the diets of finisher broiler production. The objectives of the study were to determine the proximate composition of raw and fermented coco yam tuber meal and their anti-nutrient content (Tannin), cyanide, saponin, phytate and oxalate); to determine the effects of replacement value of maize with different levels of fermented coco yam tuber meal on the growth performance of broilers; to determine the economics of production of broilers using such diets. The fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at various levels to determine the best level that would give optimal performance in broilers diets. One hundred and fifty (150) agrited finisher Anak broilers at 4 week were used for this experiment. The proximate composition of fermented cocoyam meal showed that it contained 19.15% moisture, 1.30% ash, 3.56% crude protein, 5.30% crude fiber, 1.90% ether extract and 25.48% NFE. In the finisher trial, the replacements were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of FCYM for maize in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broilers at 4 weeks using Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured include: initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, cost of production and carcass characteristics. In the finisher feeding trial, the broiler group on 25% FCYM recorded the highest body weight gain which was significantly different (P<0.05) from those on the control diet and the rest of the treatment groupsThe internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. The cost of production (N135.28) was lowest for diets 5 (100% FCYM) while the highest was the control treatment. The result of the trial have shown that 4 day fermentation of cocoyam tubers for processing broiler diets was quite an effective method of processing cocoyam tubers for use in broiler diets because fermentation reduced the anti-nutrient contents in cocoyam tubers. It was concluded that fermented cocoyam tuber meal could be used in the diet of finisher broilers up to 100% without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of compound feed acidification on the body weight gain of quails on mini-farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Alexey Trifanov ◽  
Evgeny Tikhonov ◽  
Valentin Bazykin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Comparative Inquiry

The article presents the study results on the fattening effectiveness of Texas Broiler quails using the formulated feed with “B.I.O. Acid Ultra” acidifier. Space and layout design of the mini-farm allowed to house 1000 head of the main flock and up to 300 young birds. The inside climate system of the mini-farm maintained the temperature in the range of 18 °C -20 °C and 75% humidity. In the study, 250 head of daily chicks were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups of 50 head each – one control group and four experimental ones. The study lasted for 8 weeks, i.e. the meat quail fattening period. The addition of the acidifier to the diet in the amount of 0.23% was found to result in 9.0% increase in the bodyweight of the 8-week old quails. The average daily weight increments also increased during the entire fattening period. The use of the acidifier reduced the feed conversion ratio by 4.1% – 6.79 versus 7.1 in the control group. However, the effect of different acidifiers on the effectiveness of quail fattening and the organoleptic and other quality indicators of the quail meat requires further comparative inquiry.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium ) as energy source in place of maize in starter broiler production

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C Anyaegbu ◽  
D.N. Onunkwo ◽  
A.C. Ogbonna ◽  
O. Uzoigwe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
The Cost

Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma Sagitifolium), its appropriate utilization for chicken diets may enhance performance of broiler chicken. This studywas therefore carried out to determine the nutritional evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in the diets of starter broilers production. The fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at various levels to determine the best replacement would give optimal performance in starter broilers diets. One hundred and fifty 150 day old Agrited starter broilers were used for this experiment,. The proximate composition of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (FCYM) showed that it contained 19.5% moisture, 1.30% ash, 3.56% Crude protein, 5.30% crude fibre, 1.9% ether extract and 25.48% NFE. In the starter feeding trial, the fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 broilers chicks for four weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into three replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. Parameters measured include initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of production. In the starter feeding trial, the starter broilers on 25% FCYM compared favorably with those on the control diet (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and hence recorded the higher body weight gain. The cost per kg feed produced was N182.50 for the control diet and the lowest was diet 5 (100% FCYM) which was N82.74. The cost of production (cost/kg feed x feed conversion ratio) of starter broilers per kg body weight gain was lowest for diet 5 (100% FCYM) (N158.86), while the costliest was those on the control diet (N383.25). The results of the trial have shown that fermentation of cocoyam tuber meal for 4 days for formulating starter broiler diets was quite an effective method of processing because fermentation reduced the anti-nutrients content. It was concluded that fermented cocoyam tuber meal could be used in the diets of starter broilers up to 25% without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Response of pullets to digestible lysine intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. de Araujo ◽  
N.K. Sakomura ◽  
E.P. da Silva ◽  
J.C. De Paula Dorigam ◽  
D.C. Zanardo Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quadratic Polynomial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Quadratic Curve

The objective was to determine the efficiency of utilization of lysine and to describe the responses of pullets to different digestible lysine intakes using three mathematical functions to estimate an optimal intake maximizing body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The trials were conducted using 2&ndash;6-, 8&ndash;12-, and 14&ndash;18-week-old birds and a completely randomized experimental design with eight treatments and six replicates. The digestible lysine levels ranged 3.20&ndash;10.67 g/kg (in 2&ndash;6-week-old animals), 2.24&ndash;7.48 g/kg (in 8&ndash;12-week-old animals), and 1.73&ndash;5.78 g/kg (in 14&ndash;18-week-old animals) and were obtained using a dilution technique. The efficiency of utilization was determined by a linear regression between lysine deposition and intake for pullets aged 2&ndash;4, 8&ndash;10, and 14&ndash;16 weeks. Three mathematical functions (quadratic polynomial, broken-line, and broken-line with quadratic ascending function) were used to fit the body weight gain and feed conversion responses. The optimal digestible lysine intake was obtained from the first intercept of the quadratic curve with the broken-line plateau. Based on the body weight gain, the responses obtained from the broken-line function and the broken-line with quadratic ascending were similar to those from the quadratic polynomial function. The feed conversion ratio from the first intercept of the quadratic curve with the broken-line plateau was similar to the value obtained from the broken-line with quadratic ascending function only in 2&ndash;6-week-old animals. The digestible lysine intakes required to optimize the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio responses were 202, 338, and 300 and 146, 312, and 259 mg/day and the efficiencies were 80, 76, and 80% for 2&ndash;6-, 8&ndash;12-, and 14&ndash;18-week-old animals, respectively. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Growth response and cost benefits of growing pigs to different herbal-mix feed additives and weight asymmetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
C. P. Njoku ◽  
A. O. Fasakin ◽  
T. R. Ayano ◽  
F. T. Aweda ◽  
O. O. Amaihian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
Feed Cost

This study was carried out to investigate growth performance and cost benefits of growing pigs on different herbal-mix feed additives and weight asymmetry. Fifty-four, 8 weeks old Large White breed of pigs with an average body weight of 15.33±0.2 kg were randomly assigned to nine treatments with each treatment consisting of three replicates of two pigs each. Three diets containing different herbal-mix (Control diet without herbal-mix, moringa-basil meal diet, neem-basil meal diet) were formulated and fed to the pigs for sixteen weeks duration of the study. The moringa-basil and neem-basil leaf meals mixtures were in the ratio of 10 to 2; that is ten percent (10%) moringa or neem to two percent (2%) basil. Parameters determined include growth indices and cost benefits. Data collected were subjected to two-way analysis of variance using SAS (2000). Pigs on control diet had the highest final weight (49. 44, 43.22, 40.67 kg) and daily weight gain (515.87, 401.59, 388.89 g/pig) and the best feed conversion ratio (3.56, 4.59, 4.23) when compared to the values documented for pigs on ration containing different herbal-mix feed additives. The least total feed cost and revenue per pig were noted for pigs on neem-basil dietary treatment while the highest values were documented for pigs on control ration. Homogenous light weight pigs had higher feed intake and total feed cost per pigs when compared to other values noted for pigs on other treatment groups. Heterogeneous weight pigs recorded better feed conversion ratio, lower feed cost per kilogram weight gain and higher gross margin values when compared to the values noted for their homogenous counterparts. It can be concluded from this study that performance indices of growing pigs were affected by the dietary inclusion of herbal-mix feed additives and weight asymmetry. Hence, herbal-mix leaf meals can be integrated into growers ration in order to lower production cost, likewise,unevenly weight growing pigs can be managed together in order to obtain higher production efficiency in terms of feed intake and cost of production.

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