Condition of the uvula and soft palate as an indicator of ventral branch of the vagus nerve function and neurological disorganization in dentists and dental students

Author(s):  
П.И. Петров ◽  
С.В. Аверьянов ◽  
И.Р. Исхаков ◽  
А.Т. Тимергалина ◽  
А.И. Исаева

Блуждающий нерв является основным компонентом вегетативной нервной системы. Поливагальная теория рассматривает этот нерв как две структурно и функционально раздельные ветви – вентральную и дорсальную. Дорсальная ветвь существует у большинства позвоночных. Она связана с первичными стратегиями выживания в условиях сильного стресса, заставляя «притворяться мертвым, чтобы выжить». Вентральная ветвь характерна для млекопитающих и оказывает тормозящее влияние на симпатические пути к сердцу, тем самым способствуя спокойному и просоциальному поведению. Эта ветвь обеспечивает функционирование пищевода, бронхов, гортани и глотки. Мы изучали функциональное состояние вентральной ветви, учитывая, что именно она иннервирует мышцу, поднимающую нёбную занавеску и мышцы нёбного язычка. В качестве рабочей гипотезы предположили, что дисфункциональное состояние вышеперечисленных мышц встречается при функциональной дезадаптации вентральной ветви блуждающего нерва и регуляторных рефлекторных механизмах нервной системы, то есть при неврологической дезорганизации. У пятой части обследованных была выявлена неврологическая дезорганизация. Среди представителей этой группы дисфункциональное состояние нёбного язычка и нёбной занавески встречалось значительно чаще, чем при нормальной неврологической организации. Поэтому выявление наклона нёбного язычка, одностороннего провисания нёбной занавески в покое и при нагрузке рекомендуем использовать как достоверный визуальный индикатор диагностики неврологической дезорганизации. При нормальной неврологической организации самым чувствительным индикатором диагностики функциональной дезадаптации вентральной ветви блуждающего нерва является одностороннее провисание нёбной занавески при произнесении звука «а-а-а». Полученные результаты рекомендуем использовать для диагностики неврологической дезорганизации и функциональной дезадаптации вентральной ветви блуждающего нерва. The vagus nerve is the main component of the autonomic nervous system. According to polyvagal theory, this nerve is considered as two structurally and functionally separate branches, ventral and dorsal. The dorsal branch is found in most vertebrates. It is associated with primary survival strategies in conditions of severe stress, forcing to «play dead in order to survive». The ventral branch is characteristic of mammals and has an inhibitory effect on the sympathetic pathways to the heart and thus promotes calm and prosocial behavior. This branch ensures the functioning of the esophagus, bronchi, larynx and pharynx. We studied the functional state of the ventral branch, considering that it is the one innervating the soft palate muscle and the muscles of the uvula. As a working hypothesis, we assumed that the dysfunctional state of the above muscles is found in functional disadaptation of the ventral branch of the vagus nerve and in the regulatory reflex mechanisms of the nervous system, i.e. in «neurological disorganization». Neurological disorganization was detected in a fifth of those examined. In this group, dysfunctional condition of the uvula and the soft palate was significantly more common than in normal neurological organization. Therefore, we recommend to use the detection of a tilt of the uvula and unilateral sagging of the soft palate at rest and during exercise as a reliable visual indicator for the diagnosis of neurological disorganization. In conditions of normal neurological organization, the most sensitive diagnostic indicator of functional disadaptation of the ventral branch of the vagus nerve is unilateral sagging of the soft palate when makingg the sound «a-a-a». We recommend to use the results obtained to diagnose neurological disorganization and functional disadaptation of the ventral branch of the vagus nerve.

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A176-A176
Author(s):  
P KOPPITZ ◽  
M STORR ◽  
D SAUR ◽  
M KURJAK ◽  
H ALLESCHER

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. G531-G539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gillis ◽  
J. Dias Souza ◽  
K. A. Hicks ◽  
A. W. Mangel ◽  
F. D. Pagani ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the sympathetic nervous system provides a tonic inhibitory input to the colon in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Proximal and midcolonic motility were monitored using extraluminal force transducers. An intravenous bolus injection of 5 mg of phentolamine in 14 animals elicited a pronounced increase in proximal colon contractility. The minute motility index changed from 0 +/- 0 to 26 +/- 4 after phentolamine administration. Midcolonic motility also increased in response to phentolamine. Specific blockade of alpha 2-receptors, but not alpha 1-receptors, caused the same response seen with phentolamine. alpha-Adrenergic blockade increased colon contractility after spinal cord transection but not after ganglionic blockade. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors was also performed before vagal and pelvic nerve stimulation and in both cases increased colonic motility. Vagal stimulation alone had no effect on colonic contractility, while pelvic nerve stimulation increased motility at the midcolon. alpha-Receptor blockade did not alter the ineffectiveness of vagal stimulation but did unmask excitatory effects of pelvic nerve stimulation on the proximal colon. All excitatory colonic responses were prevented by blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptors. These data indicate that tonic sympathetic nervous system activity exerts an inhibitory effect on colonic motility. The inhibitory effect is mediated through alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Based on these findings, we suggest that alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity may be extremely important for the regulation of circular muscle contractions in the colon.


1886 ◽  
Vol 31 (136) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Geo. H. Savage

In so-called nervous disorders it is common to find changes occur in other of the bodily systems than the nervous. The pathology of nervous disease should be looked upon as a general pathology, and it is certain that we cannot look to the one system alone for causes of all the nervous disorders without greatly misunderstanding the whole subject. The more exact we become in limiting the causes, the more liable are we to error. We are all prepared to consider general paralysis of the insane as essentially a disease of the nervous system, a disease in which nearly every part of the nervous system may suffer sooner or later. But beside the essentially nervous symptoms which occur in the disease, we are constantly struck by the regular series of nutritional changes which occur in general paralysis, and this is so much the case that we are quite prepared to recognise as general paralysis a disorder in which any mental symptoms have been present, but have after a brief period of acuteness been followed by a state of fatness and weak-mindedness which again has been followed by a period of wasting and further mental weakness. We have here nervous symptoms related very directly with nutritional changes.


Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
V. Martynyuk

The main aim of our research was to study the temperature variation of representative are a soft the cranial part of the autonomic nervous system of the human skin during the day. The temperature of representative are a soft the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340, with anaccuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). During the study identified minimums and maximums temperatures for representative are as during the day: the hypothalamus – 13 (maximum), 3 (minimum) an hour, midbrain – 15 (maximum), 5 (minimum) an hour, pons- not found, the medulla oblongata – 9, 15 (maximum), 3.21 (minimum) an hour, the vagus nerve (right side) – 15 (maximum), 5 (at least) an hour, the vagus nerve (left side) – 15 (maximum), 21 (minimum) an hour. The presence of minimums and maximums temperature in representative areas indicates different activity related to their brain structures.


2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-268
Author(s):  
Wiesław Dyk

The discussion about the rights of animals is always up-to-date. The dichotomy division into philoanimalists and philohominists, although reasonable, is not satisfactory to everyone. It is too strongly associated with the division into people and things in Roman law. To avoid this association in the context of biocentric trends in ecological ethics, accomplishments of evolutionary psychology and the concept of animal welfare, it is suggested that a third moral dimension dealing with creatures with highly developed nervous system be introduced between moral objectivity of creatures with high perception and moral subjectivity of people - creatures characterized by self-awareness and reflexive awareness. Human beings on the one hand are responsible for recognizing their rights given by nature and on the other hand, they are obliged to create a law to protect themselves.


1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Von Burg ◽  
W. C. Corning

The abdominal ganglia of the Limulus central nervous system exert a net inhibitory effect on heart rate. This influence is mediated mainly by the dorsal nerves in the first three ganglia. When the dorsal nerves are sectioned, cardioacceleration results; when these nerves are stimulated, a reduction in rate is obtained. However, cardioaccelerators can be unmasked by splitting a ganglion. This selectively removes the inhibitory output, leaving only a cardioaccelerator influence. Inhibition of bioelectrical activity in the intact abdominal ganglia with GABA also resulted in an increased heart rate, confirming their net inhibitory influence on heart function. Possible models of abdominal ganglia organization are discussed.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
William G. Crook

Can adverse or allergic reactions to what a person eats cause him to be pale, tired, and drowsy on the one hand, or irritable and hyperactive on the other? Can such reactions to food also cause headaches, abdominal pain, and limb pains? Can they make an individual depressed, and can they cause even more bizarre nervous system symptoms, or are such reactions a myth? As long ago as 1916, and on repeated occasions since that time, observers, including Hoobler,1 Shannon,2 Rowe,3 Rinkel et al,4 Randolph,5 Speer,6 Deamer and colleagues,7,8 Gerrard,9 Alvarez,10 and many others,11-18 have described patients with systemic and nervous system reactions caused by a specific hypersensitivity to foods.


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