scholarly journals Mengurangi Stigma Sosial terhadap Penyintas COVID-19 melalui Metode Kontak Bayangan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Ina Ratnawulan ◽  
Dicky C Pelupessy
Keyword(s):  
Contact Hypothesis

Dalam situasi pandemi yang penuh dengan kecemasan akan penularan COVID-19 dan belum ditemukannya obat yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit ini, penyintas COVID-19 sangat rentan untuk mengalami stigma sosial. Dengan mengacu pada gagasan Contact Hypothesis dari Allport (1954) yang menyatakan bahwa kontak antarkelompok dapat mengurangi prasangka, peneliti memandang bahwa dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19 sulit untuk menciptakan suatu kondisi yang ideal untuk melaksanakan proses kontak antarkelompok. Oleh karenanya, peneliti berinisiatif untuk melakukan penelitian terkait stigma sosial terhadap penyintas COVID-19 dengan menggunakan metode kontak antarkelompok secara tidak langsung melalui metode kontak bayangan sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Pettigrew (1998). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas metode kontak bayangan dalam mengurangi stigma sosial terhadap penyintas COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode kontak bayangan dapat mengurangi stigma sosial secara signifikan dan hal ini didukung oleh adanya perilaku positif untuk mendukung kampanye anti stigma oleh 80% partisipan program intervensi.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

Specifying the Contact Hypothesis in a Minority-Minority Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Katriina Ihalainen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Basic Tenet

This survey study focused on the attitudes of Russian-speaking minority youth (N = 132) toward other immigrant groups living in Finland. Along with testing the basic tenet of the contact hypothesis in a minority-minority context, the mediating effect of intergroup anxiety and the moderating effect of perceived social norms on the contact-attitude association were specified by taking into account the identity processes involved in intergroup interactions. The results indicated, first, that the experience of intergroup anxiety evoked by a negative intergroup encounter was reflected in negative outgroup attitudes only among the weakly identified. Second, negative contact experiences of minority adolescents were found not to be reflected in negative attitudes when their ethnic identification was attenuated, and when they perceived positive norms regarding intergroup attitudes.

Touring for peace: the role of dual-narrative tours in creating transnational activists

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Maureen Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Peace And Justice

Purpose Scholarship on the contact hypothesis and peacebuilding suggests that contact with marginalized ethnic and racial groups may reduce prejudice and improve opportunities for conflict resolution. Through a study of dual-narrative tours to Israel/Palestine, the purpose of this paper is to address two areas of the debate surrounding this approach to social change. First, past research on the effectiveness of contact-based tourism as a method to change attitudes is inconclusive. Travel to a foreign country has been shown to both improve and worsen tourists’ perceptions of a host population. Second, few scholars have attempted to link contact-based changes in attitudes to activism. Design/methodology/approach Through an analysis of 218 post-tour surveys, this study examines the role of dual-narrative tours in sparking attitude change that may facilitate involvement in peace and justice activism. Surveys were collected from the leading “dual-narrative” tour company in the region, MEJDI. Dual-narrative tours uniquely expose mainstream tourists in Israel/Palestine to Palestinian perspectives that are typically absent from the majority of tours to the region. This case study of dual-narrative tours therefore provides a unique opportunity to address the self-selecting bias, as identified by contact hypothesis and tourism scholars, in order to understand the potential impacts of exposure to marginalized narratives. Findings The findings of this study suggest that while these tours tend to engender increased support for Palestinians over Israelis, their most salient function appears to be the cultivation of empathy for “both sides” of the conflict. Similarly, dual-narrative tours often prompt visitors to understand the conflict to be more complex than they previously thought. In terms of activism, tourists tend to prioritize education-based initiatives in their plans for post-tour political engagement. In addition, a large number of participants articulated commitments to support joint Israeli–Palestinian non-governmental organizations and to try to influence US foreign policy to be more equitable. Originality/value These findings complicate debates within the scholarship on peacebuilding as well as within movements for social justice in Israel/Palestine. While programs that equate Israeli and Palestinian perspectives are often criticized for reinforcing the status quo, dual-narrative tours appear to facilitate nuance and universalism while also shifting tourists toward greater identification with an oppressed population. Together, these findings shed light on the ability of tourism to facilitate positive attitude change about a previously stigmatized racial/ethnic group, as well as the power of contact and exposure to marginalized narratives to inspire peace and justice activism.

The Democratic Spirit

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

There is a famous paradox about democracy: most forms of participation make no obvious difference to political outcomes and yet people act anyway. I argue that they are more likely to act politically if they have certain attitudes and commitments; and that productive attitudes of the right kind can be sustained by a culture in which two kinds of honor are central. One kind of honor is collective: it is the honor of nations, which is the concern of the patriot. Another is the honor of citizens, who are worthy of respect because they contribute to the practices that serve the republic. I suggest some practices we Americans might want to take up and honor for the sake of our own republic today, drawing attention to two discoveries in social psychology that could be productively brought to bear in our political life: namely, the Ben Franklin effect and the Contact Hypothesis.

scholarly journals Når majoritetsmedlemmer og etniske minoritetsmedlemmer mødes

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Arzoo Rafiqi ◽  
Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
European Context ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
National Probability Sample ◽  
The Ideal

Socialpsykologer forfægter den såkaldte kontakthypotese, hvis påstand er, at majoritetsmedlemmer bliver mere imødekommende over for etniske minoritetsmedlemmer, når de kommer i personlig kontakt med dem. Denne hypotese efterprøves på baggrund af den mest omfattende danske spørgeskemaundersøgelse nogensinde vedrørende dette emne (N = 1.928). I modsætning til tidligere internationale undersøgelser, hvori betydningen af venskaber mellem etniske grupper understreges, fremhæver denne artikel betydningen af kontakt mellem majoritetsmedlemmer og minoritetsmedlemmer i nabolaget og på arbejdspladsen. Disse to typer kontakt tilvejebringer en mere overbevisende test af kontakthypotesen, eftersom de rummer mindre selvselektion. Naboskab og kontakt på arbejdspladsen dækker samtidig langt flere sociale relationer end venskaber, som primært vedrører en snæver privatsfære. Artiklen bidrager til den socialpsykologiske litteratur om kontakteffekter med tre hovedkonklusioner. For det første rummer kontakt i nabolaget og på arbejdspladsen mere meningsfuld samtale, end fagfolk hidtil har antaget. For det andet øger begge former for kontakt den etniske tolerance. For det tredje er det samtale og meningsudvekslinger, som delvis forklarer, hvorfor kontakt gør majoritetsmedlemmer mere tolerante over for minoritetsmedlemmer. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Arzoo Rafiqi and Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen: When the Ethnic Majority Meets Ethnic Minority Members This paper examines the so-called intergroup contact hypothesis by redirecting focus away from the friendship measure preferred by social psychologists. Although theoretically important, the friendship measure is infected by self-selection biases, and its social coverage is too limited, at least in a European context. Instead, this paper focuses on workplace contact and residential contact. It examines how these relate to ethnic tolerance, as reflected in support for various rights of ethnic minority members. These two types of intergroup contact provide a stronger test of the key hypothesis (contact has a positive influence on tolerance) as they do not meet all the ideal conditions. The analysis shows that although residential contact and workplace contact are more superficial (in terms of self-disclosure), they are both positively related to ethnic tolerance. In fact, both types of contact are as strongly related to ethnic tolerance as intimate cross-group friendship. We conclude that intergroup contact effects are robust as they are capable of occurring in unfavorable circumstances. The analyses are performed on the basis of a Danish national probability sample from 2009. Keywords: intergroup contact, ethnic tolerance, cross-group friendship, residential contact, workplace contact.

scholarly journals Attitude of Indian Youth towards Homosexuality

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahni S ◽  
Gupta B ◽  
Nodiyal K ◽  
Pant V
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Contact Group

Homosexualism is behaviour or a phenomenon in which individuals of the same sex are attracted to or have sexual relations with each other. In India, homosexuality is a taboo subject. Much research has not been conducted to understand the attitude of Indian youth towards homosexuality. The aim of the present research was to measure the implicit attitude, and a comparative analysis between the contact group (those who are in contact with homosexual individuals) and the non-contact group (those who neither know nor are in touch with homosexual individuals) was conducted. Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, Schwartz, 1998) was used to gauge the implicit attitude towards homosexual individuals. 100 (50 males and 50 females) undergraduate and graduate students of Delhi and NCR were taken as sample in the study. It has been highlighted through various studies that people might show a positive or a neutral attitude towards homosexuality but unconsciously it may not always be the case. The contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) suggests that the prejudice against homosexuals can be mitigated by encouraging interpersonal contact between non-homosexual and homosexual population. The findings of this study suggests that the contact group held a positive attitude towards homosexuals (30 out of 50), while the non-contact group held a negative one (40 out of 50).

scholarly journals Intercultural Relations among Ukrainian Immigrants Living in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Intercultural Contact ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Intercultural Adaptation

The purpose of this research was to test specific predictions based on three general hypotheses: the integration hypothesis, the contact hypothesis, and the multiculturalism hypothesis. The sample included 218 Ukrainian immigrants with an average of 39 years. The average length of time residing in Portugal was 10 years. As regards the integration hypothesis, psychological adaptation and intercultural adaptation were predicted by integration, while sociocultural adaptation was only predicted by marginalization. Thus, the integration hypothesis was partially supported for Ukrainian immigrants living in Portugal. The contact hypothesis tended to be supported, as intercultural contact was predicted by higher positive attitudes toward Portuguese, and assimilation. However, integration has not emerged as a significant predictor of intercultural contact. This sample displayed a relatively low level of perceived discrimination. In line with the multiculturalism hypothesis, perceived discrimination was negatively related to tolerance, attitude towards Portuguese, attitude towards other immigrants, and positively related to preference for separation and marginalization. Findings are discussed considering the existing literature.

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