Eco-friendly Board from Oil Palm Frond and Citric Acid

The utilization of oil palm fronds as composite board raw material has developed due to the declining wood supply. Currently, citric acid is used as natural adhesive on the wood-based moldings to reduce the use formaldehyde-based resin. Citric acid has carboxylic acid functional group that can react with hydroxyl functional group from cellulose by esterification reaction. This paper explain the production of board from oil palm frond and citric acid, then elaborate their physical and mechanical properties. Oil palm fronds were processed with ring flaker to produce particles with 1 ~ 5 cm length. The particles were dried until the moisture content reached 6%. Citric acid solution was obtained by stirring 700 g citric acid in 1000 ml water. Citric acid solution were sprayed onto particles. The weight of citric acid were 10%, 15% and 20% based on oil palm fronds’ dry weight. Boards were produced with density target of 0.6 g/cm3 and pressure at 1N/mm2 for 10 min. The hot pressing temperatures were varied at 140ºC, 160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC. Physical and mechanical test were performed according to JIS A 5908-2003. The MOR, MOE, IB and SW values of boards with 15 wt% citric acid content and pressed at 200oC were 5.85 N/mm2, 1067.03 N/mm2, 0.26 N/mm2 and 88.80 N respectively. The optimum condition for board production obtained upon citric acid content and pressing temperature in a range of 15% ~ 20% and 180ºC ~ 200ºC, respectively.

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The Effects of Oil Palm Fronds Silage Supplemented with Urea-Calcium Hydroxide on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility of Thai Native-Anglo Nubian Goats

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Pin Chanjula ◽

Chanon Suntara ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

The Other ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Oil Palm Fronds ◽

Oil Palm Frond ◽

Palm Fronds ◽

Palm Frond

This study aimed to examine the combined effects of urea and calcium hydroxide ensiled oil palm fronds on rumen fermentation and digestibility of Thai native-Anglo Nubian goats. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to randomly assign four male crossbred goats (Thai native × Anglo Nubian). The dietary treatments were as follows: ensiled oil palm frond with no additives (EOPF as the control), urea 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UOPF 5%), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-CaOPF 5%), and combination of urea 2.5% (25 g/kg fresh matter) with Ca(OH)2 (25 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UCOPF 2.5%). The oil palm frond ensiled with different additives did not change the DM intake (p > 0.05). The total TMR intakes range from 69.39 to 77.09 g/kg BW0.75. The goats fed with E-UOPF 5.0% consumed significantly more CP than the other groups (p < 0.05). The E-UCOPF increased ME intake by 4.8%, compared with the control treatment (p < 0.05). E-UOPF 5% and E-UCOPF 2.5% significantly increased the CP digestibility by 19.7% and 17.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% improved the NDF digestibility by about 10.9% and 9.90%, respectively (p < 0.05). The urea-containing oil palm frond (E-UOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5%) had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than the other groups (p < 0.05). The TVFA of goats fed E-UCOPF 2.5% was approximately 15.8% higher than that of goats provide EOPF (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of C3 increased by 7.90% and 11.61%, respectively, when E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% were provided instead of EOPF (p < 0.05). The total N intake and absorbed were highest (p < 0.05) when goats offered E-UOPF 5.0% (p < 0.05). The goats fed oil palm frond without additives had the lowest percentage of N-absorption/N intake (p < 0.05). This study clearly shows that the most suitable treatment is E-UCOPF 2.5%, which enhances DMD, nutrient digestibility, TVFAs, and nitrogen balance and has no negative effects on rumen microbes. This indicates that E-UCOPF 2.5% may be utilized as an alternate roughage source in TMR diets, accounting for at least 40% of the OPF. However, several factors still require consideration for urea-Ca(OH)2 treatments to be successful, including other concentrations of urea, moisture content, duration of pre-treatment, and the metabolizable protein system.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN CAMPURAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KUAT TEKAN DAN POROSITAS BATU BATA

Jurnal Agro Fabrica ◽

10.47199/jaf.v1i2.91 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Seno Aji ◽

Teguh Satria Mahlindo ◽

Sari Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Block Design ◽

Test Results ◽

Oil Palm Fronds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Strength Tests ◽

Palm Fronds ◽

Palm Frond

This study aimed to determine the effect of oil palm fronds addition as a mixture to the mechanical properties of bricks in terms of porosity testing, and compressive strength, and to determine the proper percentage of oil palm frond additions. This research is a type of experiment with a randomized block design (RBD) arranged non-factorial and the data is processed using the SPSS 20 Tukey test program. This study used a brick-shaped sample with a length of 19 cm, a width of 9.5 cm and a height of 4.5 cm. Variations in the composition of the added oil palm fronds are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Parameter mechanical properties of bricks included porosity, and compressive strength tests. The addition of oil palm fronds with a composition percentage of 0% to 10% affected the mechanical properties of the bricks by reducing porosity and increasing the compressive strength of the bricks. Based on the test results obtained by each of the best test values, namely the minimum porosity value achieved in the percentage of oil palm fronds as much as 10%, which is 18.4%. The optimum compressive strength value is achieved on the percentage of oil palm fronds as much as 10% which is equal to 20.5 N / mm².

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Optimization of Oil Palm Fronds Pretreatment Using Ionic Liquid for Levulinic Acid Production

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v71.2815 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli ◽

Nor Aishah Saidina Amin ◽

Ismail Ware

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Levulinic Acid ◽

Lignin Degradation ◽

Process Condition ◽

Temperature Reaction ◽

Acid Yield ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Oil Palm Frond ◽

Palm Fronds ◽

Palm Frond

The pretreatment of oil palm frond (OPF) has been carried out using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br) in the presence of aqueous sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and [BMIM]Br loading on lignin degradation were investigated by applying Box Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized process condition for OPF pretreatment were 123°C, 175 min and 9.9 g of [BMIM]Br loading with an optimum lignin degradation of 88.2%. The experimental results fitted-well with the predicted value with less than 5% error. It was also demonstrated that lignin degradation using recycled [BMIM]Br gave sufficient performance for five successive runs. It was revealed from SEM and XRD analyses, that the pretreated OPF was porous and less crystalline after pretreatment. Consequently, the pretreated OPF renders 25.3% levulinic acid yield in acid hydrolysis compared to 18.2% yield for untreated OPF.

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Comparison of Functional Group and Morphological Surface of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Fronds Using Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) and Nitric Acid (HNO3) as an Activator

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/505/1/012023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 505 ◽

pp. 012023

Author(s):

Seri Maulina ◽

Vidyanova Anggun Mentari

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Nitric Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Functional Group ◽

Oil Palm Fronds ◽

Palm Fronds

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Influence of pre-treatment in citric acid solution on physical and mechanical properties of thermally compressed oil palm board

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/s11676-018-0726-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 1967-1972

Author(s):

Rattana Choowang ◽

Montri Suklueng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Citric Acid Solution ◽

Pre Treatment

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PERBANDINGAN GUGUS FUNGSI DAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) DAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v7i1.1629 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Vidyanova Anggun Mentari ◽

Gewa Handika ◽

Seri Maulina

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Functional Group ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Washing Process ◽

The World ◽

Oil Palm Frond ◽

Palm Frond

Indonesia is one of the biggest producent of palm oil in the world. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), on 2016 wide of the palm oil estate in Indonesia is 11.672.861 Ha. The waste of palm oil plantations so many and isn’t used optimal, for the example is oil palm frond. Oil palm frond is one of the wet of waste with the number of production as much as 19.143.492 ton on 2016. This research will discuss the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. This research purpose to know the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. The method includes impregnation, carbonization, and washing process. The concentration of activator is 20% with 400 oC activation temperature. This research is used morphology surface activated carbon analysis with SEM and FTIR spectrophotometer. The result of analysis with SEM show there is pore formed on activated carbon and the indentification with spechtrophotometer FTIR shows that activated carbon is contain of functional group are C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2and C-H.

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