Biotherapic 200dH is harmful to acute murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Fabiana Nabarro Ferraz ◽  
Guilherme Conte Diniz ◽  
Marcelo Augusto de Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Silvana Marques Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Biotherapics employed to treat mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi were carried out with encouraging results. The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi 200dH, using two different schedules of treatment. Swiss male mice, aged 56 days-old were infected intraperitonealy with 1,400 blood trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain and were divided into groups: C.I.- infected animals, E.D. – Infected animals treated from the day 1 until the end of the experiment; 200dH S.D. – Infected animals treated on the day 1. Parasitological, clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated. The group of animals that received the medicine in a single dose presented higher value to total parasitaemia and lower value of pre patent period compared to control untreated group (p

scholarly journals Neuronal changes caused by Trypanosoma cruzi: an experimental model

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide M Moreira ◽  
Débora M. G Sant'ana ◽  
Eduardo J. A Araújo ◽  
Max J. O Toledo ◽  
Mônica L Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Neuronal Density ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Neuronal Hypertrophy

Define an experimental model by evaluating quantitative and morphometric changes in myenteric neurons of the colon of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Twenty-eight Swiss male mice were distributed into groups: control (CG, n=9) and inoculated with 100 (IG100, n=9) and 1000 (IG1000, n=10) blood trypomastigotes, Y strain-T. cruzi II. Parasitemia was evaluated from 3-25 days post inoculation (dpi) with parasites peak of 7.7 × 10(6) and 8.4 × 10(6) trypomastigotes/mL at 8th dpi (p>0.05) in IG100 and IG1000, respectively. Chronic phase of the infection was obtained with two doses of 100mg/Kg/weight and one dose of 250mg/Kg/weight of Benznidazole on 11, 16 and 18 dpi. Three animals from each group were euthanized at 18, 30 and 75 dpi. The colon was stained with Giemsa. The quantitative and morphometric analysis of neurons revealed that the infection caused a decrease of neuronal density on 30th dpi (p<0.05) and 75 dpi (p<0.05) in IG100 and IG1000. Infection caused death and neuronal hypertrophy in the 75th dpi in IG100 and IG1000 (p<0.05, p<0.01). The changes observed in myenteric neurons were directly related to the inoculate and the time of infection

scholarly journals The toxicity of fumonisin B1on some biochemical and immunological parameters and its detoxification by red cabbage and garlic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1467-1476
Author(s):  
Mohanad S. Al-Fayyadh ◽  
Shatha Abdul Wadood
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cabbage Extract ◽  
Biochemical Examination

The protective effects of red cabbage and garlic extracts against liver, kidney and thyroid gland  damage induced by fumonisin B1 (FB1) in male mice were studied. Sixty mice divided in to six groups. Group one are the healthy mice, Group two are mice that received a daily oral dose of only FB-1 (100 µg/kg.b.w) for 1 month, Group three: are mice that received   red cabbage extract (500 mg/kg.bw) plus FB1, Group four: are mice that received  red cabbage extracts, Group five: are mice that received  garlic extract (500mg/kg.bw) plus FB1, group 6:are mice that received only garlic extract. After finishing   the experiments, samples of blood  were used for biochemical examination. The results indicated that group (2) mice treated with fumonisin B1 had significantly increased levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), kidney function parameters (urea  and creatinine), proteins (albumin and total protein (TP)), and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), along with significantly decreased level of TSH (p < 0.05). In the LD50 experiment, we are choose concentration (100 µg/kg.b.w) gavage to the mice. Oral administration    red cabbage  garlic extracts produced significantl reduction the levels  serum  IgG, IgM, T3, T4, urea, creatinine, TP and albumin and with a significant increase in TSH.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural alterations of intracellular stages and effects on blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi induced in vivo by 2-amino-5-(1-methyil-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-1,3,4 - Thiadiazole

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaisa de Almeida Maria ◽  
Leny de Sousa Filardi ◽  
Zigman Brener
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations

An electron microscopy study shows that the administration of a single dose (500 mg/kg, p.o.) of 2-amino-5-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole induces in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi results in degenerative lesions of the intracellular stages. Ultrastructural alterations are detected as early as 6 hours after the drug administration and destruction of the parasites occurs within 18 - 36 hours. Trypomastigotes are cleared from the bloodstream 4 to 6 hours after treatment. The combined effect on both developmental stages is apparently responsible for the in vivo ejfects of this drug which is the most active drug ever tested in our laboratory in experimental Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals The binding of o-aminoazotoluene to deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in the C57 mouse

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Dna And Rna

1. 3H-labelled o-aminoazotoluene was synthesized from [G−3H]o-toluidine on a semi-micro scale. 2. An association of 3H with DNA, RNA and protein from the liver, kidney and spleen of female C57b mice was demonstrated after the administration of a single dose of [3H]o-aminoazotoluene. 3. This association is judged to represent covalent binding as a result of experiments involving solvent extraction, examination of the acid hydrolysates of the DNA and RNA and administration of [3H]water with unlabelled o-aminoazotoluene. 4. Examination of the extents of binding at various times after the administration of a single dose of [3H]o-aminoazotoluene showed that there was a peak of binding to liver DNA in the female mice at about 16hr. that was not present in the male mice. 5. The extent of binding to DNA, RNA and protein at 16hr. in the female C57b mouse liver was greater than that in the spleen and kidney.

Passive protection of mice against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi with plasma: the use of blood- and vector bug-derived trypomastigote challenge

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Metacyclic Trypomastigotes

SummaryA study was made of the protective effects of plasma (CMP) from mice convalescent from infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. A single dose of CMP was injected into mice infected with blood trypomastigotes of 1 of each of 5 strains of T. cruzi. Protection was greatest with strains BG, M1 and Y, and least with strain Peru. Strain Tulahuen was of intermediate susceptibility. The protective effect of CMP was found to be similar in mice infected by metacyclic trypomastigotes harvested from vector bugs and mice infected by blood trypomastigotes. Plasma (IMP) from mice hyperimmunized with 6 doses of a killed T. cruzi epimastigote vaccine with saponin as an adjuvant gave no protection against challenge with strain Y, although a group of mice hyperimmunized in parallel with those from which IMP was taken were strongly resistant to challenge.

scholarly journals The Effect Javanese Chili Extract (Piper Retrofractum Vahl) Administration On The Increase Of Albino Male Mice Libido

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Erjon Erjon ◽  
Yenni Sriwahyuni ◽  
Nilda Lely ◽  
Ema Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Piper Retrofractum

Libido is a sexual desire that is an important part of adult human life. The main active compound of Javanese chili is piperine. Javanese chili is reported to cause increased libido. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of administration Javanese chili extract (Piper retrofractum Vahl) to increase libido in albino male mice. The doses of Javanese chili extract used is 50 mg/kgbw; 100 mg/kgbw; and 200 mg/kg bw given as a single dose for 9 days. The parameters observed were kissing, mounting latency, and mounting frequency of albino male mice. The results showed that the administration of Javanese chili extract at doses of 50 mg/kgbw, 100 mg/kgbw, and 200 mg/kgbw showed faster kissing and mounting latency and higher mounting frequency and significantly different (p&#60;0,05) compared to the control group. Increasing the dose of Javanese chili fruit extract gave a very strong correlation to the reduction in kissing and mounting latency (r = -0,951 and r = -0,933), and increased mounting frequency (r = 0,892). From the research results, it can be concluded that the administration of Javanese chili fruit extract can increase the libido of albino male mice and the increase in the dose of Javanese chili extract gives a very strong correlation to the increase in the libido of albino male mice.

scholarly journals Influence of age and ways of treatment in the parasitemia in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi treated with high potency biotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Paula Fernanda Massini ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
Camila Fernanda Brustolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Old Mice

Introduction: The infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi is well known, making this a good model for understanding the effect of highly diluted medications. Mice of different ages show different responses to biotherapic T. cruzi [1]. Other data from our laboratory using biotherapic treatment at low potencies show that long lasting treatment has a better effect in mice infected with T. cruzi. However, the use of high potency biotherapics in mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi has not been analysed yet. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different ways of treatment using biotherapic 200 DH T. cruzi in the evolution of the curve of parasitemia of mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi. Materials and methods: A blind randomized controlled trial was performed using 107 swiss male mice, aged 28, 35 and 56 days, divided into groups: CONTROL(C) – mice aged 28(C28), 38(C38) and 56(C56) days, treated with 7% water-alcohol solution diluted with water (1mL/100mL); ONE DAY(OD) – mice aged 28(OD28), 38(OD38) and 56(OD56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200 DH T. cruzi in a single dose, diluted in water (10mL/100mL); EVERY DAY(ED) – mice aged 28(ED28), 38(ED38) and 56(ED56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200DH T.cruzi until the end of the experiment, diluted in water(1mL/100mL). Amber bottle was used and the water was changed every two days. The groups were infected with strain Y-T. cruzi, intraperitoneal,1400 blood trypomastigotes. Medicines were handled according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [2], with microbiological testing according to RDC n° 67 and in vivo biological risk. We compared the parasitemia curve and total parasitemia, determined daily counting of the parasites [3], obtained using the tests Kruskal-Wallis and Wald-Wolfowitz, Statistica 8.0, 5% significance. Approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation/ UEM - 030/2008. Results: The animal age and the ways of treatment used influenced the evolution of the parasitemia curve. This evolution was different among different ages, and the youngest mice of the control group had higher averages of parasitemia ( C28=1.4x106/mL; C38= 1.3 x106/mL and C56=1.0x106/mL ) (fig1). This evolution was not observed in the groups treated daily, in which 56 day-old mice presented a higher parasitemia compared to the other groups ( ED28= 1.3x106/mL; ED38=0.9x106/mL and ED56=1.2x106/mL )(fig1b). For animals treated with a single dose, the energetic stimulus provided by biotherapic caused homogeneity of biological behavior, with significant elevation of parasitemia ( OD28=1.8x106/mL; OD38=1.3x106/mL and OD56=1.5 x106/mL) (fig1c). Likewise, the single dose treatment invariably resulted in an increase of parasitemia when compared to other treatments within the same age group (fig1d-f). The treatment performed daily in animals aged 28 and 38 days showed a decrease in parasitemia (fig1d-f). For 56 day-old mice this fall was not observed (fig1f). The meaning of this finding should be better explored considering the physiological maturity versus the vital energy of mice of different ages. Conclusion: The age and the ways of treatment used are important factors to be considered when using a highly diluted medication. The clinical use of these results in humans, should take into consideration the allometric system of medication dosage which takes into account the metabolic rate of each organism.

Reactions of calves to infestation with the stomach worm, Haemonchus placei (Place, 1893) Ransom, 1911

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHS Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Haemonchus Placei

Studies aimed a t determining the factors responsible for haemonchosis in cattle are reported. Observations on natural populations of Haemonchus placei confirmed the conclusions of Roberts, O'Sullivan, and Riek (1932) on the acquisition of resistance to this species and on the relationships of peak egg counts to the age of the animal and season of the year. Most of the 400 calves on which these observations were based developed a strong resistance and suffered no apparent ill effects; others only became resistant after suffering clinical haemonchosis; and about 8 per cent. either failed to develop resistance or lost it and died. Experiments with single doses, spaced doses, and continuous doses of larvae showed that H. placei has a comparatively short patent period. The trend assumed by the egg counts, irrespective of the method of infestation, was very similar, reaching its peak about the 6th to 10th week and thereafter rapidly declining to remain a t low levels. Calves on a 12 : 1 mixture of oaten and lucerne chaff gave much higher egg counts than calves on good quality lucerne alone, but the infestations did not vary in their persistence. A strong resistance was acquired, even from a single dose of larvae. This was shown by the failure of a test dose of larvae, administered after the egg count had been at low levels for some weeks, to cause any increase in the egg count; and by the presence, several weeks later a t autopsy, of relatively few adult worms, most of which were undersized with females containing few or no eggs. There were also numerous fourth stage larvae which had evidently persisted in this stage for many weeks. That so many immature worms occurred in resistant animals may signify that these young stages could be extremely important in the epidemiology of haemonchosis. "Selfcure", as defined by Gordon (1948) for H. contortus in sheep, could not be produced experimentally with H. placei in cattle, but egg count trends suggest that this type of reaction may sometimes occur among natural populations before resistance is finally acquired. Circulating antibodies could not be detected in experimentally infested animals. They were found, however, in animals with natural infestations of mixed species, and it is probable that in the latter case they were associated rather with Trichostrongylus than with Haemonchus. Data on egg counts in relation to the number of adult female worms present in experimentally infested calves strongly suggest that whilst the animal remains susceptible to infestation, egg counts are usually an accurate index of the degree of infestation, but that when resistance occurs the egg count is of little value for this purpose.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal-Induced Changes in the Glutathione Levels and Glutathione Reductase/Glutathione S-Transferase Activities in the Liver of Male Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah A. Sheweita
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Hepatic Level

Glutathione S-transferases catalyze the metabolism of reactive substances of exogenous or endogenous origin and are involved in inactivation processes of xenobiotics and their metabolites. The present study aims at investigating the influence of heavy metals on the hepatic level of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase activities in the liver of male mice after single-dose (1 and 24 h) and repeated-dose treatments (three consecutive days). The hepatic level of GSH was depleted after single-dose treatments with cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, cobalt chloride, cesium chloride, lead acetate, and silver nitrate, and percentage of GSH depletion was greater still after the repeated-dose treatments. Nickel chloride, on the other hand, did not cause any change in the level of GS H after any period of treatment. Glutathione reductase activity was increased 24 hours after treatment with cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, lead acetate, and silver nitrate, whereas cobalt chloride decreased such activity after repeated doses. With the exception of cadmium chloride, glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly decreased 24 hours after a single-dose treatment with all of the tested heavy metals. Such alterations in the activities of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes as a result of heavy metal treatment may change the hepatic capacity for the detoxification of many toxic compounds from endogenous or exogenous sources.

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