scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 3. Mitteilung: Beziehungen der Energie- und Eiweißversorgung zur lysosomalen Enzymaktivität im Blutplasma beim Milchrind

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
J. Weingärtner ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between lysosomal blood activity and milk content» of urea and protein in different phases of milk production in dairy cows Relationship of lysosomal enzyme activities in blood and supply of energy and protein in dairy cattle were investigated. Closed correlation coefficients were calculated for lysosomal enzyme activity and content of protein and urea in milk. Especially a high or a low content of protein in the food ration affects the lysosomal enzyme activities considerably. A different lysosomal response to equal food supply was gained after deviding the cow stock into different groups regarding performance at a different lactation status. Growth, breed, age, capacity of food intake and milk performance might be influencing factors.

scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 2. Mitteilung: Lysosomale Enzymaktivitäten und die Milchleistung bei Kühen

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król ◽  
R. Staufenbiel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. Title of the paper: Proteolytic activities of lysosomal enzymes in dairy cattle, II. Lysosomal enzyme activities and milk performance Lysosomal enzymes were gained from plasma and leucocytes using 1011 blood samples of 786 dairy cows. There is a correlation between enzyme activities and milk produetion traits with significant correlation coefficients rp = 0,4–0,5 for the daily milk yield at control as well as for the lactation Performance in 305 days during the second third of the first lactation. The level of enzyme activities shows a higher effect on the Performance than the proteolysis. No additional gain of information is to be expected from the leucocytes what limits the pallet to the plasma enzymes.

scholarly journals Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-694
Author(s):  
Lenka Krpálková ◽  
Niall O’Mahony ◽  
Anderson Carvalho ◽  
Sean Campbell ◽  
Gerard Corkery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Milk Performance

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

Relationships between nutrition and fertility in dairy cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O'Callaghan ◽  
J.M. Lozano ◽  
J. Fahey ◽  
V. Gath ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Developmental Capacity

AbstractThe reduced fertility that is becoming more evident in high yielding dairy cows may be related to many factors including changes in milk production, food intake and fluctuations in body condition. Metabolic and production markers have been studied as a way of predicting success to a particular artificial insemination. Successful conception to a particular service was not associated with milk production, body condition or plasma concentrations of several indicators of metabolic state around the time if insemination. This highlights the importance of time of information collection in fertility management programmes. Increased food intake may reduce systemic progesterone concentrations. This is more evident in sheep than cattle, but a positive relationship between systemic progesterone early post mating and establishment of pregnancy in cattle has been reported. However, progesterone concentrations in the ovarian vein and endometrium are not strongly correlated with systemic progesterone. Thus, the significance of modest changes in systemic progesterone in affecting oocyte and embryo development must be questioned. Blood urea concentrations can be altered by diet, and reduced pregnancy rates have been reported in cows with high urea concentrations. However, in other recent studies, no difference was reported in serum urea in cows that conceived and those that failed to conceive. Pregnancy rate was equally high in heifers when in-vitro produced embryos were transferred to heifers on high and low urea diets. When embryos were produced in sheep on high and low dietary urea, the effects on embryo development appear to occur early in the developmental process, suggesting a substantial effect on the development of the oocyte. The developmental capacity of oocytes and quality of embryos is reduced in cattle maintained on extremely high dietary intakes. Oocyte developmental capacity is reduced in cows of higher genetic merit and embryo quality can be substantially reduced in the early postpartum period. Collectively, these results suggest that high dietary intake or high metabolic load is deleterious to normal oocyte development and establishment of pregnancy. This highlights the importance of further studies on the effect of dietary intake on metabolic state and follicle, oocyte and embryo development. In a practical context, these results highlight the importance of nutritional management and avoiding changes in the amount or type of diet around the time of mating in high-production dairy cows.

scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 1. Mitteilung: Variation der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchkühen

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król ◽  
R. Staufenbiel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. Titel of the paper: Proteolytic activities of lysosomal enzymes in dairy cattle. I. Variation of lysosomal enzymes in dairy cattle There are no references to be found in the literature dealing with genetic aspects of lysosomal enzyme activities m blood of dairy cows, The used amino peptidases are connected to the proteolysis. 1011 investigated cows showed Variation coefficients of ≈50%, higher than in milk traits In simultaneous samples it reduces to 20–30% similar to daily milk samples The heritability coefficients h2 = 0,10–0,20 is approximately between fertility traits and milk traits The investigation of lysosomal enzyme activities might be limited to plasma. No additional information could be gained using the leukocytes. Changing activities of enzymes in plasma are aqually directed to the milk performance. It may be concluded that the trait spectrum might be reduced to DP-IV, AGR, ALA, AGLD and EL as well especially to protein yield of milk.

Differential response of dairy cows to supplementary light during increasing or decreasing daylength

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. C. Phillips ◽  
C. A. Lomas ◽  
T. M. Arab
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Lying Down

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to compare the response oflactating cows to supplementary light in their lying area during increasing and decreasing natural daylength. During decreasing daylength, supplementary light in the lying area increased the time cows spent lying down and considerably reduced calculated food intake, milk production, live weight and body condition, so that lights were installed in the feeding area for the last half of the experiment, which partially restored intake and live weight. Plasma cortisol concentrations and milk somatic cell counts were increased by supplementary light in decreasing daylength before, but not after, lights were installed in the feeding passage, suggesting that cows may have been stressed by the difficulties encountered during feeding in the dark. During increasing daylength supplementary light did not affect lying time, had less effect on food intake and no effect on milk production or live weight. There was a small reduction in plasma corticosteroid by the end of the experiment with supplementary light. It is concluded that providing supplementary light only in the lying area of dairy cows will have adverse effects on their production and welfare in decreasing, but not increasing daylength

44. A Study of Some Points of Conformation and Milk Yield in Friesian Cows

1932 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Preliminary Trial ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation ◽  
Friesian Cows

1. After a preliminary trial with Shorthorn cows in Berkshire, some 461 Friesians were measured in Minnesota, U.S.A., and an attempt was made to correlate 19 measurements with milk yields.2. Significant coefficients of correlations were obtained for:Length from withers to hooks and milk yields;Height at hooks and milk yield; Height at pins and milk yield;Circumference of chest and milk yield;Circumference of barrel and milk yield;Area of milk wells and milk yield.3. Correlation coefficients that were almost significant were obtained for:Width at barrel and milk yield;Width at hooks and milk yield.4. The best producing cows had the largest milk wells. This was not because they were the biggest cows, for there was practically no loss of coefficient of correlation for milk yield and size of milk wells when the partial correlation for area of milk wells and yield was calculated with height at hooks held constant.5. Evidence is presented which shows that the areas of milk wells do not increase with mere skeletal growth of cows over 4½ years old, but with increased milk production. This fact makes the area of milk wells a still more reliable indicator of milk-producing power.6. The results obtained confirm the value of some of the points which stockmen have considered in judging dairy cows. They emphasise the necessity for considering all the points together, but indicate that certain points deserve special consideration.

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