scholarly journals Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in West African cattle sires

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Delphin O. Koudandé ◽  
Iván Fernández ◽  
Albert Soudré ◽  
Isabel Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Type Traits

Abstract. A total of 183 adult sires belonging to nine West African cattle breeds sampled in 67 villages of Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin were assessed for 16 body measurements and 18 qualitative traits. Within type of cattle (zebu, sanga or taurine), the different breeds analysed showed large differences in body measurements. In general, taurine breeds had lower average values than the zebu breeds while sanga cattle tended to have intermediate values. Principal component analysis identified three factors characterising body measurements. Factor 1 summarised the information provided by those traits characterising the size of the individuals and explained 59.0 % of the variability. Factor 2 tended to gather information characterising the body width and explained 8.0 % of the variation. Less representative, Factor 3 (6.6 % of the variability) had no clear interpretation. Qualitative traits did not allow to distinguish among either cattle groups or breeds. Two Correspondence Analysis Dimensions computed on qualitative traits (explaining 26.2 and 15.5 % of the variability, respectively) did not allow to differentiate between zebu, sanga or taurine cattle breeds. Our results confirm that, in the framework of a general appearance, body measurements are the main criteria for differentiating West African cattle breeds. Furthermore, the current research has not allowed to identify breeding preferences on qualitative type traits in West African cattle sires. Therefore, homogenisation of the appearance of individuals within cattle breed is not expected.

scholarly journals Morphological assessment of the Zebu Bororo (Wodaabé) cattle of Niger in the West African zebu framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
M. Maaouia A. Moussa ◽  
Moumouni Issa ◽  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Moustapha Grema ◽  
Marichatou Hamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Abstract. A total of 357 adult cows and 29 sires belonging to the long-horned Niger Zebu Bororo cattle population were assessed for 13 body measurements and 11 qualitative traits. Data were jointly analysed with 311 cows and 64 sires belonging to other four West African zebu cattle populations, sampled in Burkina Faso and Benin, representative of both the short-horned and the long-horned West African zebu groups using multivariate statistical methods. Besides the other long-horned zebu breed analysed (Zebu Mbororo of Burkina Faso), Zebu Bororo cattle tended to have the highest mean values for all body measurements. Mahalanobis distance matrices further informed that pairs involving Zebu Bororo cattle had the higher differentiation of the dataset. However, contour plots constructed using eigenvalues computed via principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated a lack of differentiation among West African zebu cattle populations at the body measurements level. Correspondence analysis carried out on the 11 qualitative traits recorded allowed for ascertaining a clear differentiation between the Zebu Bororo and the other zebu cattle populations analysed which, in turn, did not show a clear differentiation at the qualitative type traits level. In our data, Zebu Bororo cattle had in high frequency qualitative features such as dropped ears, lyre-shaped horns and red-pied coat colour that are not frequently present in the other West African zebu populations analysed. A directional selection due to a rough consensus of the stock-keepers may be hypothesised. Performance of further analyses to assess the degree in which such breeding differences may be related to genetic or production differences are advised.

Geographical assessment of body measurements and qualitative traits in West African cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Delphin Oloronto Koudandé ◽  
Iván Fernández ◽  
Albert Soudré ◽  
Víctor Granda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
African Cattle

scholarly journals Keragaman Sifat Kualitatif pada Sapi Silangan PO dan Belgian Blue Menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jakaria Jakaria ◽  
Fuadi Zulkipli ◽  
Edwar Edwar ◽  
Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum ◽  
Rudy Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Double Muscle ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Distinguishing Character

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue and PO-Belgian Blue crosses using principal component analysis. The total samples of cattle used were 36 consisting of 8 heads Belgian Blue (4 males and 4 females), 17 heads Belgian PO-Belgian cross-breed (11 males and 6 females) and 11 PO heads (all females)). The diversity of qualitative traits observed were 17 characteristics namely plain body-color (WTP), combination body-color (WTK), horned (MT), humped (MP), sagging (MG), black tail tip color (WUEH), white tail tip color (WUEH), black eyelash color (WBMH), white eyelash color (WBMP), circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP), circle hair bracket (PRB), black nail color (WKH), nail color white (WKP), double muscle (PG), black muzzle (WMH) and white muzzle (WMP). Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the proportion value, while the determinant variables of each breed were analyzed using the principal component analysis method (AKU) with the Minitab version 7 program. The results showed that the characteristics of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed cattle have a high diversity. PO and Belgian Blue cattle breeds can be clearly distinguished based on the characteristics of qualitative traits, whereas PO-Belgian Blue crossbred cattle have clusters that are close to PO cattle clusters. Found character traits for each cattle breed in both PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed. There are three characteristics of qualitative traits possessed in each cow nation, namely the variable circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP) and horned characters (MT). Based on the results obtained that the qualitative traits in cattle can be used as a distinguishing character between PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Blue Belgian cross cattle breeds.

scholarly journals The patterns of admixture, divergence, and ancestry of African cattle populations determined from genome-wide SNP data

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Gebrehiwot ◽  
E. M. Strucken ◽  
H. Aliloo ◽  
K. Marshall ◽  
J. P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Snp Data

Abstract Background Humpless Bos taurus cattle are one of the earliest domestic cattle in Africa, followed by the arrival of humped Bos indicus cattle. The diverse indigenous cattle breeds of Africa are derived from these migrations, with most appearing to be hybrids between Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The present study examines the patterns of admixture, diversity, and relationships among African cattle breeds. Methods Data for ~ 40 k SNPs was obtained from previous projects for 4089 animals representing 35 African indigenous, 6 European Bos taurus, 4 Bos indicus, and 5 African crossbred cattle populations. Genetic diversity and population structure were assessed using principal component analyses (PCA), admixture analyses, and Wright’s F statistic. The linkage disequilibrium and effective population size (Ne) were estimated for the pure cattle populations. Results The first two principal components differentiated Bos indicus from European Bos taurus, and African Bos taurus from other breeds. PCA and admixture analyses showed that, except for recently admixed cattle, all indigenous breeds are either pure African Bos taurus or admixtures of African Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The African zebu breeds had highest proportions of Bos indicus ancestry ranging from 70 to 90% or 60 to 75%, depending on the admixture model. Other indigenous breeds that were not 100% African Bos taurus, ranged from 42 to 70% or 23 to 61% Bos indicus ancestry. The African Bos taurus populations showed substantial genetic diversity, and other indigenous breeds show evidence of having more than one African taurine ancestor. Ne estimates based on r2 and r2adj showed a decline in Ne from a large population at 2000 generations ago, which is surprising for the indigenous breeds given the expected increase in cattle populations over that period and the lack of structured breeding programs. Conclusion African indigenous cattle breeds have a large genetic diversity and are either pure African Bos taurus or admixtures of African Bos taurus and Bos indicus. This provides a rich resource of potentially valuable genetic variation, particularly for adaptation traits, and to support conservation programs. It also provides challenges for the development of genomic assays and tools for use in African populations.

scholarly journals Population Structure Assessed Using Microsatellite and SNP Data: An Empirical Comparison in West African Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Isabel Álvarez ◽  
Iván Fernández ◽  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Nuria A. Menéndez-Arias ◽  
Félix Goyache
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Taurine Cattle ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
N’Dama Cattle

A sample of 185 West African cattle belonging to nine different taurine, sanga, and zebu populations was typed using a set of 33 microsatellites and the BovineHD BeadChip of Illumina. The information provided by each type of marker was summarized via clustering methods and principal component analyses (PCA). The aim was to assess differences in performance between both marker types for the identification of population structure and the projection of genetic variability on geographical maps. In general, both microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) allowed us to differentiate taurine cattle from zebu and sanga cattle, which, in turn, would form a single population. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients computed among the admixture coefficients (fitting K = 2) and the eigenvectors corresponding to the first two factors identified using PCA on both microsatellite and SNP data were statistically significant (most of them having p < 0.0001) and high. However, SNP data allowed for a better fine-scale identification of population structure within taurine cattle: Lagunaire cattle from Benin were separated from two different N’Dama cattle samples. Furthermore, when clustering analyses assumed the existence of two parental populations only (K = 2), the SNPs could differentiate a different genetic background in Lagunaire and N’Dama cattle. Although the two N’Dama cattle populations had very different breeding histories, the microsatellite set could not separate the two N’Dama cattle populations. Classic bidimensional dispersion plots constructed using factors identified via PCA gave different shapes for microsatellites and SNPs: plots constructed using microsatellite polymorphism would suggest the existence of weakly differentiated, highly intermingled, subpopulations. However, the projection of the factors identified on synthetic maps gave comparable images. This would suggest that results on population structuring must be interpreted with caution. The geographic projection of genetic variation on synthetic maps avoids interpretations that go beyond the results obtained, particularly when previous information on the analyzed populations is scant. Factors influencing the performance of the projection of genetic parameters on geographic maps, together with restrictions that may affect the election of a given type of markers, are discussed.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-dependent regression parameters for estimating live weight frim body measurements of West African Dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
B. A Orebela ◽  
O. S Iyasere
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age And Sex

The relationships between live weight and eight body measurements of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were studied using 300 animals under farm condition. The animals were categorized based on age and sex. Data obtained on height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), head length (HL), length of hindquarter (LHQ), width of hindquarter (WHQ), head width(HDW), and loin girth (LG) were fitted into simple linear (change in body measurement is directly proportional to weight or body size), allometric (body measurements do not necessarily change in direct proportion to weight or body size), and multiple linear regression models to predict live weight from the body measurements according to age group and sex. Results showed that live weight and body measurements of ewe were higher than that of the ram. Live weight, HG, HW, WHQ, LG, BL, LHQ, HL, and HW increased with the age of the animals. In multiple linear regression model, WHQ, LHQ, HW, HL and HDW best fit the model for sheep aged ≤1; HG, LG, BL and HDW for 2 year-old sheep; HG, BL, and HL best fit the model for sheep 3 years age group; LHQ best fit the model for sheep of 4 years of age; while HL best fits sheep that were in 5 year age category. Coefficients of determination (R2) values for linear and allometric models for predicting the live weight of WAD sheep increased with age in all the body measurements (HW, HG, BL, HL, LHQ, WHQ, HDW and LG). Sex had significant influence on the model with R2 values consistently higher in females except the models for LHQ, WHQ, LG and BL were they the same with the males. Based on R2 values, it was concluded that both linear and allometric regression models could be used to predict live weight from body measurements of WAD sheep.   

scholarly journals Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Ogah ◽  
M. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size And Shape

Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCs at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.

scholarly journals Principal component analysis of the exterior traits in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
N. Kuzmicheva ◽  
A. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Generalized Variance ◽  
Diagonal Length

The present study was undertaken to study the relationship between different body measurements and to develop unobservable factors (latent) to define which of these measurements best represent body conformation in the dairy cows. Biometrical observations were recorded on 109 Red Steppe dairy cows randomly selected from State Enterprise «Breeding reproducer «Stepove» (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine) during the 2001–2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to account for the maximum portion of variation present in the original set of variables (body traits in cow) with a minimum number of composite variables through STATISTICA software. Most of the pairwise phenotypic correlations among the exterior traits in dairy cows were positive and significant. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the body measurements ranged from 0.215 (chest depth – cannon circumference) to 0.889 (height at withers – rump height). In factor solution of the Principal Component Analysis, two (latent) which explained 48.5% of the generalized variance were extracted. The first principal component (PC1) explained general body confirmation and explained 33.5% variation. It was represented by significant positive loading for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, chest depth, chest circumference etc.). The second principal component (PC2) accounted for an additional 15.0% of the generalized variance and was interpreted as an indicator of body shape (e.g., endomorphic vs. ectomorphic). It was represented by significant negative loadings for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, but significant positive loadings for chest width, chest depth, chest circumference and cannon circumference. The study also revealed that factors extracted from the present investigation could be used in breeding programs of the dairy cattle.

Diversity of biometric and morphological traits among sheep breeds in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
R. O Okeke ◽  
B. I Nwagu ◽  
A. O Iyiola-Tunji ◽  
P. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Body

Towards assessment of variations within and between sheep; biometric and morphological data of the four breeds of sheep found in Nigeria were collected using multi-stage samplin method. A total of 46 Balami, 30 Uda, 36 Yankasa and 37 WAD were sampled. Stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to find the best linear combination of metric variables that best predict the body weight. Principal component analysis of biometric and morphological traits was carried out. Simple discriminant analysis procedure was used to classify the breeds. Cluster analysis was done using the model building specificationinterface. Head length (HL), chest girth (CG), leg length (LL), and tail length were the only linear body measurements that were significant (P<0.01) in predicting body weight of sheep in the overall prediction equation. Body weight and all the linear body measurements had their highest loadings on principal component 1 (PC1). Tassel was the only variable that had its highest loading on PC2. Tail type and state (location) were the variables that bestdescribes the third component (PC3). Sex and hair type were variables that best described the forth component (PC4). Discriminant analysis showed that 70.59% of sheep sampled as Balami were classified as pure breed. Sheep sampled as WAD and Yankasa had 100% conformation while Balami and Uda had 70.59% and 60%, respectively in conformation to the classifying features of their breed based on discriminant analysis. The farthest genetic distance (5.48) was observed between Balami and WAD while the shortest genetic distance (1.26) was observed between Balami and Uda. Improvement of growth traits of sheep breedsin Nigeria is recommended through the use of either Balami or Uda as sire and either WAD or Yankasa as dam.

Phenotypic characterization of three strains of indigenous goats in Tanzania

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Madubi ◽  
G.C. Kifaro ◽  
P.H. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
Similar Body

SummaryCharacterization of three strains of indigenous goats found in three regions of Tanzania was undertaken on the basis of their phenotypes viz: body weight and measurements, colour pattern, ears and horns.The three strains differed in the body weights and in the frequencies of the different coat colours. The Dodoma and Mtwara strains had similar body measurements, whereas the Kigoma strain was significantly smaller.

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