scholarly journals Morphological assessment of the Zebu Bororo (Wodaabé) cattle of Niger in the West African zebu framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
M. Maaouia A. Moussa ◽  
Moumouni Issa ◽  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Moustapha Grema ◽  
Marichatou Hamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Abstract. A total of 357 adult cows and 29 sires belonging to the long-horned Niger Zebu Bororo cattle population were assessed for 13 body measurements and 11 qualitative traits. Data were jointly analysed with 311 cows and 64 sires belonging to other four West African zebu cattle populations, sampled in Burkina Faso and Benin, representative of both the short-horned and the long-horned West African zebu groups using multivariate statistical methods. Besides the other long-horned zebu breed analysed (Zebu Mbororo of Burkina Faso), Zebu Bororo cattle tended to have the highest mean values for all body measurements. Mahalanobis distance matrices further informed that pairs involving Zebu Bororo cattle had the higher differentiation of the dataset. However, contour plots constructed using eigenvalues computed via principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated a lack of differentiation among West African zebu cattle populations at the body measurements level. Correspondence analysis carried out on the 11 qualitative traits recorded allowed for ascertaining a clear differentiation between the Zebu Bororo and the other zebu cattle populations analysed which, in turn, did not show a clear differentiation at the qualitative type traits level. In our data, Zebu Bororo cattle had in high frequency qualitative features such as dropped ears, lyre-shaped horns and red-pied coat colour that are not frequently present in the other West African zebu populations analysed. A directional selection due to a rough consensus of the stock-keepers may be hypothesised. Performance of further analyses to assess the degree in which such breeding differences may be related to genetic or production differences are advised.

scholarly journals Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in West African cattle sires

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Traoré ◽  
Delphin O. Koudandé ◽  
Iván Fernández ◽  
Albert Soudré ◽  
Isabel Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Type Traits

Abstract. A total of 183 adult sires belonging to nine West African cattle breeds sampled in 67 villages of Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin were assessed for 16 body measurements and 18 qualitative traits. Within type of cattle (zebu, sanga or taurine), the different breeds analysed showed large differences in body measurements. In general, taurine breeds had lower average values than the zebu breeds while sanga cattle tended to have intermediate values. Principal component analysis identified three factors characterising body measurements. Factor 1 summarised the information provided by those traits characterising the size of the individuals and explained 59.0 % of the variability. Factor 2 tended to gather information characterising the body width and explained 8.0 % of the variation. Less representative, Factor 3 (6.6 % of the variability) had no clear interpretation. Qualitative traits did not allow to distinguish among either cattle groups or breeds. Two Correspondence Analysis Dimensions computed on qualitative traits (explaining 26.2 and 15.5 % of the variability, respectively) did not allow to differentiate between zebu, sanga or taurine cattle breeds. Our results confirm that, in the framework of a general appearance, body measurements are the main criteria for differentiating West African cattle breeds. Furthermore, the current research has not allowed to identify breeding preferences on qualitative type traits in West African cattle sires. Therefore, homogenisation of the appearance of individuals within cattle breed is not expected.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in body measurements in three Taurine cattle populations of Burkina Faso supports introgression of Zebu genes into West African Taurine cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2782-2798
Author(s):  
Arnaud Stéphane Rayangnéwêndé Tapsoba ◽  
Bernadette Yougbaré ◽  
Fabiola Gnine Traoré ◽  
Félicienne Béré ◽  
Dominique Ouédraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Taurine Cattle ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
Two Populations

A total of 769 adult females belonging to 3 taurine and one zebu cattle populations sampled in 3 provinces of Burkina Faso were assessed for 19 body measurements during two different years (2014 and 2018). The aim of this research was to identify temporal morphological variation in cattle bred in the humid southern zones to obtain empirical evidence supporting a possible introgression of zebu cattle genes into Gourounsi and Lobi taurine cattle breeds. Zebu cattle samples were used as out-group for both 2014 and 2018 subsets. Least square means of body measurements allowed to classify Burkina Faso taurine cattle into three subgroups according to body size (Gourounsi–Sanguié –GourS-, Gourounsi-Nahouri –GourN- and Lobi from the tallest to the smallest respectively). Principal Component Analysis suggested that in 2014, taurine populations were structured. Dispersion map constructed using the two first factors informed that the GourS population was well separated from both the Lobi and the GourN, which, in turn, overlapped. However, in 2018 a strong signal of homogenization was identified, with GourN partially overlapping the other two populations. Linear Discriminant Analysis suggested that about 20% of both GourS and GourN individuals were reciprocally misclassified. Clues for such increase have been pointed out by MANOVA analysis. Although on 2014, Lobi cattle was clearly smaller than Gourounsi and both GourS and GourN populations showed clear differences on body traits, on 2018 it could be assessed an increase in size in Lobi cattle and a strong homogenization signal within Gourounsi cattle. Zebu cattle gene flow southwards in Burkina Faso is likely to have caused these changes, suggesting a fast erosion of taurine cattle genetic background. Keywords: Body traits, quantitative traits, Gourounsi cattle, Lobi, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Changes in selected physicochemical parameters of breast muscles of geese from Polish conservation flocks depending on duration of the post slaughter period

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okruszek ◽  
J. Książkiewicz ◽  
J. Wołoszyn ◽  
G. Haraf ◽  
A. Orkusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. In four Polish conservative flocks of Suwałki (Su), Kartuzy (Ka), Kielce (Ki) and Subcarpathian (Sb) geese, registered by FAO as domestic genetic resources the mean values of qualitative traits of breast muscles (pH15', pH30', pH45', pH24h; colour parameters: L*15', L*30', L*45', L24h, a*15', a*30', a*45', a*24h, b*15', b*30', b*45', b*24h and conductivity: EC45', EC3h, EC24h) were determined. The experimental flocks showed significant variations in the investigated parameters. The Kartuzy goose breast muscles were characterized by higher values of pH15' (6.74), pH30' (6.62), pH45' (6.56) and b*15' parameter (0.80) in comparison with the remaining flocks. Moreover, these muscles had the lowest pH24h (5.65) and values of L* parameter (L*15', L*30', L*45' and L*24h) and EC45' (3.23 mS/cm). The pH value and L* and a* parameters (except L*24h and a*24h) of the analysed flocks were decreasing, and conductivity increasing together with the time post slaughter, and the rate of changes depended on the birds’ origin. Greater differences between pH values, measured 15 min and 24 h after slaughter were stated in breast muscles from Ka (1.09) and Su (0.90) geese than from the other two flocks investigated (Ki – 0.74; Sb – 0.58). The highest increase in conductivity (from EC45' to EC24h) was affirmed in Ka and Ki muscles (3.84 mS/cm) and the lowest in breast muscles of Sb geese (2.72 mS/cm).

scholarly journals Age- and sex-dependent regression parameters for estimating live weight frim body measurements of West African Dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
B. A Orebela ◽  
O. S Iyasere
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age And Sex

The relationships between live weight and eight body measurements of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were studied using 300 animals under farm condition. The animals were categorized based on age and sex. Data obtained on height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), head length (HL), length of hindquarter (LHQ), width of hindquarter (WHQ), head width(HDW), and loin girth (LG) were fitted into simple linear (change in body measurement is directly proportional to weight or body size), allometric (body measurements do not necessarily change in direct proportion to weight or body size), and multiple linear regression models to predict live weight from the body measurements according to age group and sex. Results showed that live weight and body measurements of ewe were higher than that of the ram. Live weight, HG, HW, WHQ, LG, BL, LHQ, HL, and HW increased with the age of the animals. In multiple linear regression model, WHQ, LHQ, HW, HL and HDW best fit the model for sheep aged ≤1; HG, LG, BL and HDW for 2 year-old sheep; HG, BL, and HL best fit the model for sheep 3 years age group; LHQ best fit the model for sheep of 4 years of age; while HL best fits sheep that were in 5 year age category. Coefficients of determination (R2) values for linear and allometric models for predicting the live weight of WAD sheep increased with age in all the body measurements (HW, HG, BL, HL, LHQ, WHQ, HDW and LG). Sex had significant influence on the model with R2 values consistently higher in females except the models for LHQ, WHQ, LG and BL were they the same with the males. Based on R2 values, it was concluded that both linear and allometric regression models could be used to predict live weight from body measurements of WAD sheep.   

scholarly journals Body measurements of Black Slavonian pig

Stočarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Katarina Latin ◽  
Tajana Petrić ◽  
Boris Lukić ◽  
Željko Mahnet ◽  
Sven Menčik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Average Body Length ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Over Time

The Black Slavonian pig is an autochthonous pig breed in Croatia, which has recorded a continuous growth of the population followed by the higher number of breeders in recent years. The increase in population has removed the Black Slavonian breed from the category of endangered local breeds. The consequences of such a significant increase in population size in local breeds are often a high level of inbreeding, but also a high variability of the external traits of breeding individuals. Given that the main goal of the Breeding Program for Black Slavonian pigs is to preserve its phenotypic traits and breed-specific features, the paper presents the results of external traits analysis at 10 different points on the body, on a sample of 102 animals, aged between 10 and 24 months. Estimated mean values for wither’s height were 65 cm and 64 cm in boars and sows, respectively. Average body length was 128 cm for boars, and 126 cm for sows. The heart girth was 114 cm for both categories, while the height at the sacrum was 72 cm (boars), and 71 cm (sows). These results indicate very small or insignificant differences between male and female individuals, and refer that the body measurements of Black Slavonian pigs have not changed significantly in relation to its formation and development over time, as well as in relation to other local breeds from the neighbouring regions. With this in mind, selection work should be focused on control and preservation. Furthermore, the paper gives an overview of the population throughout history, as well as breeding practices.

scholarly journals Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Ogah ◽  
M. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size And Shape

Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCs at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.

scholarly journals Principal component analysis of the exterior traits in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
N. Kuzmicheva ◽  
A. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Generalized Variance ◽  
Diagonal Length

The present study was undertaken to study the relationship between different body measurements and to develop unobservable factors (latent) to define which of these measurements best represent body conformation in the dairy cows. Biometrical observations were recorded on 109 Red Steppe dairy cows randomly selected from State Enterprise «Breeding reproducer «Stepove» (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine) during the 2001–2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to account for the maximum portion of variation present in the original set of variables (body traits in cow) with a minimum number of composite variables through STATISTICA software. Most of the pairwise phenotypic correlations among the exterior traits in dairy cows were positive and significant. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the body measurements ranged from 0.215 (chest depth – cannon circumference) to 0.889 (height at withers – rump height). In factor solution of the Principal Component Analysis, two (latent) which explained 48.5% of the generalized variance were extracted. The first principal component (PC1) explained general body confirmation and explained 33.5% variation. It was represented by significant positive loading for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, chest depth, chest circumference etc.). The second principal component (PC2) accounted for an additional 15.0% of the generalized variance and was interpreted as an indicator of body shape (e.g., endomorphic vs. ectomorphic). It was represented by significant negative loadings for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, but significant positive loadings for chest width, chest depth, chest circumference and cannon circumference. The study also revealed that factors extracted from the present investigation could be used in breeding programs of the dairy cattle.

Diversity of biometric and morphological traits among sheep breeds in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
R. O Okeke ◽  
B. I Nwagu ◽  
A. O Iyiola-Tunji ◽  
P. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Body

Towards assessment of variations within and between sheep; biometric and morphological data of the four breeds of sheep found in Nigeria were collected using multi-stage samplin method. A total of 46 Balami, 30 Uda, 36 Yankasa and 37 WAD were sampled. Stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to find the best linear combination of metric variables that best predict the body weight. Principal component analysis of biometric and morphological traits was carried out. Simple discriminant analysis procedure was used to classify the breeds. Cluster analysis was done using the model building specificationinterface. Head length (HL), chest girth (CG), leg length (LL), and tail length were the only linear body measurements that were significant (P<0.01) in predicting body weight of sheep in the overall prediction equation. Body weight and all the linear body measurements had their highest loadings on principal component 1 (PC1). Tassel was the only variable that had its highest loading on PC2. Tail type and state (location) were the variables that bestdescribes the third component (PC3). Sex and hair type were variables that best described the forth component (PC4). Discriminant analysis showed that 70.59% of sheep sampled as Balami were classified as pure breed. Sheep sampled as WAD and Yankasa had 100% conformation while Balami and Uda had 70.59% and 60%, respectively in conformation to the classifying features of their breed based on discriminant analysis. The farthest genetic distance (5.48) was observed between Balami and WAD while the shortest genetic distance (1.26) was observed between Balami and Uda. Improvement of growth traits of sheep breedsin Nigeria is recommended through the use of either Balami or Uda as sire and either WAD or Yankasa as dam.

An evaluation of body size as related to weight of three West African breeds of cattle in Nigeria

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
J. E. Umoh ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Regression Coefficient ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Body Condition Scores

SummaryBody measurements and weights of animals of varying ages were recorded in White Fulani (Bunaji), Sokoto Gudali and N'dama breeds of cattle. Chest girth accounted for 86–96% of the variation in body weight in the three breeds. The linear regression coefficient of weight on chest girth in the N'dama differed significantly from the other two breeds. Within each breed, the regression coefficient of young animals was lower than those of older groups. The variables that contributed most to improving the prediction of weights when added to chest girth were rump length and body length. Animals with low body condition scores had lower regression coefficients of weight on chest girth than those with high scores.

scholarly journals The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae—immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLIN HAUG ◽  
GIDEON T. HAUG ◽  
ANA ZIPPEL ◽  
SERITA VAN DER WAL ◽  
JOACHIM T. HAUG
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Borer

Interactions between animals and plants represent an important driver of evolution. Especially the group Insecta has an enormous impact on plants, e.g., by consuming them. Among beetles, the larvae of different groups (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, partly Eucnemidae) bore into wood and are therefore called wood-borer larvae or borers. While adults of these beetle groups are well known in the fossil record, there are barely any fossils of the corresponding larvae. We report here four new wood-borer larvae from Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar, ca. 99 Ma). To compare these fossils with extant wood-borer larvae, we reconstructed the body outline and performed shape analysis via elliptic Fourier transformation and a subsequent principal component analysis. Two of the new larvae plot closely together and clearly in the same area as modern representatives of Buprestidae. As they furthermore lack legs, they are interpreted as representatives of Buprestidae. The other two new larvae possess legs and plot far apart from each other. They are more difficult to interpret; they may represent larvae of early offshoots of either Cerambycidae or Buprestidae, which still retain longer legs. These findings represent the earliest fossil record of larvae of Buprestidae and possibly of Cerambycidae known to date.

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