Turbulent enhancement of radar reflectivity factor for polydisperse cloud droplets
Abstract. The radar reflectivity factor is important for estimating cloud microphysical properties; thus, in this study, we determine the quantitative influence of microscale turbulent clustering of polydisperse droplets on the radar reflectivity factor. The theoretical solution for particulate Bragg scattering is obtained without assuming monodisperse droplet sizes. The scattering intensity is given by an integral function including the cross spectrum of number density fluctuations for two different droplet sizes. We calculate the cross spectrum based on turbulent clustering data, which are obtained by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of particle-laden homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The results show that the coherence of the cross spectrum is close to unity for small wavenumbers and decreases almost exponentially with increasing wavenumber. This decreasing trend is dependent on the combination of Stokes numbers. A critical wavenumber is introduced to characterize the exponential decrease of the coherence and parametrized using the Stokes number difference. Comparison with DNS results confirms that the proposed model can reproduce the rp3-weighted power spectrum, which is proportional to the clustering influence on the radar reflectivity factor, to a sufficiently high accuracy. The model is then applied to high-resolution cloud-simulation data obtained from a spectral-bin cloud simulation. The result shows that the influence of turbulent clustering can be significant for the near-top of turbulent clouds.