scholarly journals Evaluation of two isoprene emission models for use in a long-range air pollution model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 9247-9281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zare ◽  
J. Brandt ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
P. Irannejad
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Biogenic Emission ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Knowledge about isoprene emissions and concentration distribution is important for chemistry transport models (CTMs), because isoprene acts as a precursor for tropospheric ozone and subsequently affects the atmospheric concentrations of many other atmospheric compounds. Isoprene has a short lifetime, and hence it is very difficult to evaluate its emission estimates against measurements. For this reason, we coupled two isoprene emission models with the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM), and evaluated the simulated background ozone concentrations based on different models for isoprene emissions. In this research, results of using the two global biogenic emission models; GEIA (Global Emissions Inventory Activity) and MEGAN (the global Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) are compared and evaluated. The total annual emissions of isoprene for the year 2006 estimated by using MEGAN is 732 Tg yr−1 for an extended area of the Northern Hemisphere, which is 50% higher than that estimated by using GEIA. The overall feature of the emissions from the two models are quite similar, but significant differences are found mainly in Africa's savannah and the rain forests of South America, and in some subtropical regions, such as the Middle East, India and the southern part of North America. Differences in spatial distribution of emission factors are found to be a key source of these discrepancies. In spite of the short life-time of isoprene, a direct evaluation of isoprene concentrations using the two biogenic emission models has been made against available measurements in Europe. Results show that the two models in general represent the measurements well and that the CTM is able to simulate isoprene concentrations. Additionally, investigation of ozone concentrations resulting from the two biogenic emission models show that isoprene simulated by MEGAN strongly affects the ozone production in the African savannah; the effect is up to 20% more than that obtained using GEIA. In contrast, the impact of using GEIA is higher in the Amazon region with more than 15% higher ozone concentrations compared to that of using MEGAN. Comparing the results for ozone concentrations for Europe obtained by using the two different models with measurements, show that the MEGAN emission model improves the model performance significantly in the Mediterranean area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two isoprene emission models for use in a long-range air pollution model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7399-7412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zare ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
P. Irannejad ◽  
J. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Biogenic Emission ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Knowledge about isoprene emissions and concentration distribution is important for chemistry transport models (CTMs), because isoprene acts as a precursor for tropospheric ozone and subsequently affects the atmospheric concentrations of many other atmospheric compounds. Isoprene has a short lifetime, and hence it is very difficult to evaluate its emission estimates against measurements. For this reason, we coupled two isoprene emission models with the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM), and evaluated the simulated background ozone concentrations based on different models for isoprene emissions. In this research, results of using the two global biogenic emission models; GEIA (Global Emissions Inventory Activity) and MEGAN (the global Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) are compared and evaluated. The total annual emissions of isoprene for the year 2006 estimated by using MEGAN is 592 Tg yr−1 for an extended area of the Northern Hemisphere, which is 21% higher than that estimated by using GEIA. The overall feature of the emissions from the two models is quite similar, but differences are found mainly in Africa's savannah and in the southern part of North America. Differences in spatial distribution of emission factors are found to be a key source of these discrepancies. In spite of the short life-time of isoprene, a direct evaluation of isoprene concentrations using the two biogenic emission models in DEHM has been made against available measurements in Europe. Results show an agreement between two models simulations and the measurements in general and that the CTM is able to simulate isoprene concentrations. Additionally, investigation of ozone concentrations resulting from the two biogenic emission models show that isoprene simulated by MEGAN strongly affects the ozone production in the African savannah; the effect is up to 10% more than that obtained using GEIA. In contrast, the impact of using GEIA is higher in the Amazon region with more than 8% higher ozone concentrations compared to that of using MEGAN. Comparing the ozone concentrations obtained by DEHM using the two different isoprene models with measurements from Europe and North America, show an agreement on the hourly, mean daily and daily maximum values. However, the average of ozone daily maximum value simulated by using MEGAN is slightly closer to the measured value for the average of all measuring sites in Europe.

scholarly journals A simple modeling approach to study the regional impact of a Mediterranean forest isoprene emission on anthropogenic plumes

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1915-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cortinovis ◽  
F. Solmon ◽  
D. Serça ◽  
C. Sarrat ◽  
R. Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Biogenic Emission ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Research during the past decades has outlined the importance of biogenic isoprene emission in tropospheric chemistry and regional ozone photo-oxidant pollution. The first part of this article focuses on the development and validation of a simple biogenic emission scheme designed for regional studies. Experimental data sets relative to Boreal, Tropical, Temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems are used to estimate the robustness of the scheme at the canopy scale, and over contrasted climatic and ecological conditions. A good agreement is generally found when comparing field measurements and simulated emission fluxes, encouraging us to consider the model suitable for regional application. Limitations of the scheme are nevertheless outlined as well as further on-going improvements. In the second part of the article, the emission scheme is used on line in the broader context of a meso-scale atmospheric chemistry model. Dynamically idealized simulations are carried out to study the chemical interactions of pollutant plumes with realistic isoprene emissions coming from a Mediterranean oak forest. Two types of anthropogenic sources, respectively representative of the Marseille (urban) and Martigues (industrial) French Mediterranean sites, and both characterized by different VOC/NOx are considered. For the Marseille scenario, the impact of biogenic emission on ozone production is larger when the forest is situated in a sub-urban configuration (i.e. downwind distance TOWN-FOREST <30km, considering an advection velocity of 4.2 m.s-1). In this case the enhancement of ozone production due to isoprene can reach +37% in term of maximum surface concentrations and +11% in term of total ozone production. The impact of biogenic emission decreases quite rapidly when the TOWN-FOREST distance increases. For the Martigues scenario, the biogenic impact on the plume is significant up to TOWN-FOREST distance of 90km where the ozone maximum surface concentration enhancement can still reach +30%. For both cases, the importance of the VOC/NOx ratio in the anthropogenic plume and its evolution when interacting with the forest emission are outlined. In complement to real case studies, this idealized approach can be particularly useful for process and sensitivity studies and constitutes a valuable tool to build regional ozone control strategies.

scholarly journals Implementation of the biogenic emission model MEGAN(v2.1) into the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ chemistry climate model. Basic results and sensitivity tests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Jane Henrot ◽  
Tanja Stanelle ◽  
Sabine Schröder ◽  
Colombe Siegenthaler ◽  
Domenico Taraborrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Biogenic Emission ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A biogenic emission scheme based on the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) version 2.1 (Guenther et al., 2012) has been integrated into the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ chemistry climate model in order to calculate the emissions from terrestrial vegetation of 32 compounds. The estimated annual global total for the simulation period (2000–2012) is 634 Tg C yr−1. Isoprene is the main contributor to the average emission total accounting for 66 % (417 Tg C yr−1), followed by several monoterpenes (12 %), methanol (7 %), acetone (3.6 %) and ethene (3.6 %). Regionally, most of the high annual emissions are found to be associated to tropical regions and tropical vegetation types. In order to evaluate the implementation of the biogenic model in ECHAM-HAMMOZ, global and regional BVOC emissions of the reference simulation were compared to previous published experiment results with the MEGAN model. Several sensitivity simulations were performed to study the impact of different model input and parameters related to the vegetation cover and the ECHAM6 climate. BVOC emissions obtained with the biogenic model are within the range of previous published estimates. The large range of emission estimates can be attributed to the use of different input data and empirical coefficients within different setups of the MEGAN model. The biogenic model shows a high sensitivity to the changes in plant functional type (PFT) distributions and associated emission factors for most of the compounds. The global emission impact for isoprene is about −9 %, but reaches +75 % for α-pinene when switching to PFT-dependent emission factor distributions. Isoprene emissions show the highest sensitivity to soil moisture impact, with a global decrease of 12.5 % when the soil moisture activity factor is included in the model parameterization. Nudging ECHAM6 climate towards ERA-Interim reanalysis has impact on the biogenic emissions, slightly lowering the global total emissions and their interannual variability.

scholarly journals Effect of isoprene emissions from major forests on ozone formation in the city of Shanghai, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 18527-18556 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Geng ◽  
X. Tie ◽  
A. Guenther ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Continuous Oxidation ◽  
Ho2 Radical

Abstract. Ambient surface level concentrations of isoprene (C5H8) were measured in the major forest regions located south of Shanghai, China. Because there is a large coverage of broad-leaved trees in this region, high concentrations of isoprene were measured, ranging from 1 to 6 ppbv. A regional dynamical/chemical model (WRF-Chem) is applied for studying the effect of such high concentrations of isoprene on the ozone production in the city of Shanghai. The evaluation of the model shows that the calculated isoprene concentrations agree with the measured concentrations when the measured isoprene concentrations are lower than 3 ppb, but underestimate the measurements when the measured values are higher than 3 ppb. Isoprene was underestimated only at sampling sites near large bamboo plantations, a high isoprene source, indicating the need to include geospatially resolved bamboo distributions in the biogenic emission model. The assessment of the impact of isoprene on ozone formation suggests that the concentrations of peroxy radicals (RO2) are significantly enhanced due to the oxidation of isoprene, with a maximum of 30 ppt. However, the enhancement of RO2 is confined to the forested regions. Because the concentrations of NOx were low in the forest regions, the ozone production due to the oxidation of isoprene (C5H8 + OH →→ RO2 + NO →→ O3) is low (less than 2–3 ppb/h). The calculation further suggests that the oxidation of isoprene leads to the enhancement of carbonyls (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in the regions downwind of the forests, due to continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air. As a result, the concentrations of HO2 radical are enhanced, resulting from the photo-disassociation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Because the enhancement of HO2 radical occurs in regions downwind of the forests, the enhancement of ozone production (6–8 ppb/h) is higher than in the forest region, causing by higher anthropogenic emissions of NOx. This study suggests that the biogenic emissions in the major forests to the south of Shanghai have important impacts on the levels of ozone in the city, mainly due to the carbonyls produced by the continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air.

scholarly journals Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using OMI satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 6951-6979
Author(s):  
E. A. Marais ◽  
D. J. Jacob ◽  
A. Guenther ◽  
K. Chance ◽  
T. P. Kurosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We use a 2005–2009 record of isoprene emissions over Africa derived from OMI satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) to better understand the factors controlling isoprene emission on the scale of the continent and evaluate the impact of isoprene emissions on atmospheric composition in Africa. OMI-derived isoprene emissions show large seasonality over savannas driven by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and much weaker seasonality over equatorial forests driven by temperature. The commonly used MEGAN (version 2.1) global isoprene emission model reproduces this seasonality but is biased high, particularly for equatorial forests, when compared to OMI and relaxed-eddy accumulation measurements. Isoprene emissions in MEGAN are computed as the product of an emission factor Eo, LAI, and activity factors dependent on environmental variables. We use the OMI-derived emissions to provide improved estimates of Eo that are in good agreement with direct leaf measurements from field campaigns (r = 0.55, bias = −19%). The largest downward corrections to MEGAN Eo values are for equatorial forests and semi-arid environments, and this is consistent with latitudinal transects of isoprene over West Africa from the AMMA aircraft campaign. Total emission of isoprene in Africa is estimated to be 77 Tg C a−1, compared to 104 Tg C a−1 in MEGAN. Simulations with the GEOS-Chem oxidant-aerosol model suggest that isoprene emissions increase mean surface ozone in West Africa by up to 8 ppbv, and particulate matter by up to 1.5 μg m−3, due to coupling with anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals A Lagrangian analysis of the impact of transport and transformation on the ozone stratification observed in the free troposphere during the ESCOMPTE campaign

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1915-1951
Author(s):  
A. Colette ◽  
G. Ancellet ◽  
L. Menut ◽  
S. R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The ozone variability observed by tropospheric ozone lidars during the ESCOMPTE campaign is analyzed by means of a hybrid-Lagrangian modeling study. Transport processes responsible for the formation of ozone-rich layers are identified using a semi-Lagrangian analysis of mesoscale simulations to identify the planetary boundary layer (PBL) footprint in the free troposphere. High ozone concentrations are related to polluted air masses exported from the Iberian PBL. The chemical composition of air masses coming from the PBL and transported in the free troposphere is evaluated using a Lagrangian chemistry model. The initial concentrations are provided by a model of chemistry and transport. Different scenarios are tested for the initial conditions and for the impact of mixing with background air in order to perform a quantitative comparison with the lidar observations. For this meteorological situation, the characteristic mixing time is of the order of 2 to 5 days depending on the initial conditions. Ozone is produced in the free troposphere within most air masses exported from the Iberian PBL at an average rate of 0.2 ppbv h-1, with a maximum ozone production of 0.4 ppbv h-1. Transport processes from the PBL are responsible for an increase of 13.3 ppbv of ozone concentrations in the free troposphere compared to background levels; about 45% of this increase is attributed to in situ production during the transport rather than direct export of ozone.

scholarly journals Modeling In-Vehicle VOCs Distribution from Cabin Interior Surfaces under Solar Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5526
Author(s):  
Zheming Tong ◽  
Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Thermal Buoyancy ◽  
Cabin Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vocs Emission

In-vehicle air pollution has become a public health priority worldwide, especially for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the vehicle interiors. Although existing literature shows VOCs emission is temperature-dependent, the impact of solar radiation on VOCs distribution in enclosed cabin space is not well understood. Here we made an early effort to investigate the VOCs levels in vehicle microenvironments using numerical modeling. We evaluated the model performance using a number of turbulence and radiation model combinations to predict heat transfer coupled with natural convection, heat conduction and radiation with a laboratory airship. The Shear–Stress Transport (SST) k-ω model, Surface-to-surface (S2S) model and solar load model were employed to investigate the thermal environment of a closed automobile cabin under solar radiation in the summer. A VOCs emission model was employed to simulate the spatial distribution of VOCs. Our finding shows that solar radiation plays a critical role in determining the temperature distribution in the cabin, which can increase by 30 °C for directly exposed cabin surfaces and 10 °C for shaded ones, respectively. Ignoring the thermal radiation reduced the accuracy of temperature and airflow prediction. Due to the strong temperature dependence, the hotter interiors such as the dashboard and rear board released more VOCs per unit time and area. A VOC plume rose from the interior sources as a result of the thermal buoyancy flow. A total of 19 mg of VOCs was released from the interiors within two simulated hours from 10:00 am to noon. The findings, such as modeled spatial distributions of VOCs, provide a key reference to automakers, who are paying increasing attention to cabin environment and the health of drivers and passengers.

scholarly journals Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2175-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Oikonomakis ◽  
Sebnem Aksoyoglu ◽  
Giancarlo Ciarelli ◽  
Urs Baltensperger ◽  
André Stephan Henry Prévôt
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. High surface ozone concentrations, which usually occur when photochemical ozone production takes place, pose a great risk to human health and vegetation. Air quality models are often used by policy makers as tools for the development of ozone mitigation strategies. However, the modeled ozone production is often not or not enough evaluated in many ozone modeling studies. The focus of this work is to evaluate the modeled ozone production in Europe indirectly, with the use of the ozone–temperature correlation for the summer of 2010 and to analyze its sensitivity to precursor emissions and meteorology by using the regional air quality model, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). The results show that the model significantly underestimates the observed high afternoon surface ozone mixing ratios (≥ 60 ppb) by 10–20 ppb and overestimates the lower ones (< 40 ppb) by 5–15 ppb, resulting in a misleading good agreement with the observations for average ozone. The model also underestimates the ozone–temperature regression slope by about a factor of 2 for most of the measurement stations. To investigate the impact of emissions, four scenarios were tested: (i) increased volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by a factor of 1.5 and 2 for the anthropogenic and biogenic VOC emissions, respectively, (ii) increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by a factor of 2, (iii) a combination of the first two scenarios and (iv) increased traffic-only NOx emissions by a factor of 4. For southern, eastern, and central (except the Benelux area) Europe, doubling NOx emissions seems to be the most efficient scenario to reduce the underestimation of the observed high ozone mixing ratios without significant degradation of the model performance for the lower ozone mixing ratios. The model performance for ozone–temperature correlation is also better when NOx emissions are doubled. In the Benelux area, however, the third scenario (where both NOx and VOC emissions are increased) leads to a better model performance. Although increasing only the traffic NOx emissions by a factor of 4 gave very similar results to the doubling of all NOx emissions, the first scenario is more consistent with the uncertainties reported by other studies than the latter, suggesting that high uncertainties in NOx emissions might originate mainly from the road-transport sector rather than from other sectors. The impact of meteorology was examined with three sensitivity tests: (i) increased surface temperature by 4 ∘C, (ii) reduced wind speed by 50 % and (iii) doubled wind speed. The first two scenarios led to a consistent increase in all surface ozone mixing ratios, thus improving the model performance for the high ozone values but significantly degrading it for the low ozone values, while the third scenario had exactly the opposite effects. Overall, the modeled ozone is predicted to be more sensitive to its precursor emissions (especially traffic NOx) and therefore their uncertainties, which seem to be responsible for the model underestimation of the observed high ozone mixing ratios and ozone production.

scholarly journals A Lagrangian analysis of the impact of transport and transformation on the ozone stratification observed in the free troposphere during the ESCOMPTE campaign

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3487-3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Colette ◽  
G. Ancellet ◽  
L. Menut ◽  
S. R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The ozone variability observed by tropospheric ozone lidars during the ESCOMPTE campaign is analyzed by means of a hybrid-Lagrangian modeling study. Transport processes responsible for the formation of ozone-rich layers are identified using a semi-Lagrangian analysis of mesoscale simulations to identify the planetary boundary layer (PBL) footprint in the free troposphere. High ozone concentrations are related to polluted air masses exported from the Iberian PBL. The chemical composition of air masses coming from the PBL and transported in the free troposphere is evaluated using a Lagrangian chemistry model. The initial concentrations are provided by a model of chemistry and transport. Different scenarios are tested for the initial conditions and for the impact of mixing with background air in order to perform a quantitative comparison with the lidar observations. For this meteorological situation, the characteristic mixing time is of the order of 2 to 6 days depending on the initial conditions. Ozone is produced in the free troposphere within most air masses exported from the Iberian PBL at an average rate of 0.2 ppbv h−1, with a maximum ozone production of 0.4 ppbv h−1. Transport processes from the PBL are responsible for an increase of 13.3 ppbv of ozone concentrations in the free troposphere compared to background levels; about 45% of this increase is attributed to in situ production during the transport rather than direct export of ozone.

scholarly journals A simple modeling approach to study the regional impact of a Mediterranean forest isoprene emission on anthropogenic plumes

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 7691-7724 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cortinovis ◽  
F. Solmon ◽  
D. Serça ◽  
C. Sarrat ◽  
R. Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Research over the past year has outlined the importance of biogenic isoprene emission in tropospheric chemistry, and notably in the context of regional ozone photo-oxidant pollution. The first part of this article deals with the development of a simple isoprene emission scheme based upon the classical Guenther's algorithm coupled with a soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model. The resulting emission scheme is tested in a "stand-alone" version at the canopy scale. Experimental data sets coming from Boreal, Tropical, Temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems are used to estimate the robustness of the scheme over contrasted climatic and ecological conditions. Considering the simple hypothesis used, simulated isoprene fluxes are generally consistent with field measurements and the emission scheme is thus deemed suitable for regional application. Limitations of the model are outlined as well as further improvements. In the second part of the article, the emission scheme is used on line in the broader context of a meso-scale atmospheric chemistry scheme. Dynamically idealized simulations are carried out to study the chemical interactions of pollutant plumes with realistic isoprene emissions coming from a Mediterranean oak forest. Two chemical scenarios are considered with anthropogenic emissions, respectively representative of the Marseille (urban) and Martigues (industrial) French Mediterranean areas. For the Marseille scenario, the impact of biogenic emission on ozone production is larger when the forest is situated in a sub-urban configuration (i.e. downwind distance TOWN-FOREST <30 km) and decrease quite rapidly as the distance increases. For the Martigues scenario, the biogenic impact on the plume is detectable even at a longer TOWN-FOREST distance of 100 km. For both cases, the importance of the VOC/NOx ratio, which characterizes the aging of advected pollutant plumes over the day, is outlined. Finally, possible applications of this work for real-case studies are discussed.

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